Exploring Leadership and Management Effectiveness at Morrisons

This report provides an analysis of leadership and management within the context of Morrisons, a leading supermarket chain. It defines the roles of leaders and managers, highlighting the importance of both hard and soft skills. Various leadership theories, such as autocratic, democratic, transformational, laissez-faire, and transactional, are examined for their impact on decision-making and organizational effectiveness. The report also compares leadership and management activities, emphasizing the significance of organizational culture and ethical considerations. Ultimately, it reflects on the overall impact of leadership and management practices on Morrisons' success, focusing on how different leadership styles contribute to the company's functionality and profitability.

Leadership and
Management in
Workplace (Part-1)

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Definitions of leader and manager..............................................................................................3
Hard vs soft skills........................................................................................................................4
Analysis of various leadership theory examples and their impact on effectiveness and decision
making.........................................................................................................................................6
Comparison of leadership and management activities in different organisations.......................7
The importance of culture and the role leaders and managers....................................................8
Critical reflection on the impact of leadership and management................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Management consists of controlling a group or the set of entities with the aim of
accomplish a goal. Leader is the one who influence the other person to follow their actions and
enable them to contribute towards organisational success. Manager is the one who look after the
business affairs so that they can complete the given task in an appropriate manner. These are the
task which is being done by the leader and manager called leadership and management. They
both take the collective decisions for better functioning and also make the future
vision(Torrance, 2018). They act as the pillars of any business organisation and accomplish their
desired goal with the help of the personnels. Morrisons is the chosen organisation for this
respective report, it is the leading chain of supermarket which is headquarter is in Bradford, West
Yorkshire, England. The company is founded in 1899 by William Morrison and it is
headquartered in Bradford, UK. This report will analyse the concept of leader and manager and
their hard and soft skills. Furthermore, it analyse the various leadership theories and their impact
on the effectiveness and the decision making within the organisation. Importance of culture and
the role and leader will be discussed further also analyse the impact of leadership and
management.
Definitions of leader and manager
Leader-
A leader is the individual who is having all the power and can see how the things can be
improved, who can rallies the individual to move forward for their better vision. Leader work for
making their vision a reality while putting people first in every aspects(Tian and Huber, 2019).
In context to Morrisons, the leader is the one who is having the overall functionality of the
business and includes CEO, dupty directors, Chair person etc. all the major decisions is being
taken by the leader only which reflect the overall working within the organisation.
Characteristics of leader:
 They are self-aware and prioritise employees development: Leader always focuses on
the emotional intelligence of the people who are working Morrisons and it can be said
that the leader that work to refine this quality are more resilient, accepting feedbacks and
adaptive from others. They are the one who listen to their employees.

 Encourages strategic thinking, innovation and action: Leader of Morrisons is the
forward looking person and they must analyse the external factors that includes the
government regulations and technology advancement in order to make the strategic
business decisions.
 Ethical and civic-minded: It is clear that the leader has to move their action in the
truthful manner so that they can establish the ethical working working environment
within the organisation. In consideration to Morrisons, strong leader always consider the
ethical consequences of the decisions for both the team ad the customers.
Manager-
A person who is responsible for controlling the group of staff and the organisation and
they are regarded in terms of their skill in managing resources in different functional areas within
the organisation(Suriyankietkaew, 2019). They are concern for supervising, motivation and
directing the employees within the organisation. In relation to Morrisons, a person is being hired
as per their skills and abilities in context to the overall consideration in the market and the
overall working which also reflects the specialisation of individual who is meant to be the
manager in their given job profile.
Characteristics of Manager:
 Communication: the manager must have the effective communication skills so that they
can coordinate with the other functional units within the organisation. Right information
can be reach to the right person so hat all the task can be operated in an appropriate
manner. In context to Morrisons, better communication helps in passing the right
information to the concerned people so that all the work can be attained in well-defined
manner.
 Time management: It is the key factor in being a successful manager as there are
numerous task which must be accomplished within the set time limit. In context to
Morrisons, when the given task is being completed within the set time limit then it retains
the effectiveness of the given task within the organisation.
 Confidence: To be the effective manager, it is the factor which shows the abilities,
experience and the decisions of the business. Manager of Morrisons must be arrogant or
feel that they can better than their employees.

Hard vs soft skills
As the leader is working for the betterment of the given goals and also influence the
overall working of the company. They are having numerous of skills which is being categorises
in the basis of hard and soft skills by which they perform their various task so that they can work
in the given directions.
Hard skills are the power of the individual that gives the ability to control and also the
ample of responsibilities. These can be defined as the vocational training, sessions ans so on. In
this, the leader basically focuses on the particular task and making the better utilisation of
networks, instruments and tools related to the particular technology. Whereas the soft skills are
the traits, power not to perform the particular task so that with the effective collaboration, time
management, leadership and the empathy(Spurgeon and et., al., 2017). These are the important
skills which is vital for leaders of Morrisons and they use the abilities such as better
communication with team members, decision-making as per the specific effective
communication wit the other team members so that they ca maintain the control and balance in
the certain groups for the particular task and the operations. Prosperous leadership basically
focuses on the strong soft skills which is capable for encourages and influence their groups.
Additionally, the power is given to the leader of Morrisons to control the team so that they can
achieve the goal of the company. In context to this, it is the major aspects which ensures the
better functionality of the business with the help of planing, effective coordination with the
leaders and their incorporated team members.
There are certain qualities which makes the difference between the hard skills and the soft
skills that are given below:
Hard skills Soft skills
 Specialized skills
 Composition skills
 Microsoft skills
 Computing skills
 Logical skills
 Demonstration skills
 Abstraction skills
 Observation skills
 Cooperation skills
 Social skills
 Motivation skills
 Sympathy

 Merchandising skills
 Communication skills
 Design skills
 Corroboration
 Problem solving ability
 Honesty
 creative thinking
 Ability
Whereas ambitious power are those acquisition that person requires to be capable to
perform a specific job. When taking the consideration Morrisons, these are the aspects which is
having the major consideration in the job role as they are having the higher level of participative
value to be given at a point of time. Unlike difficult ability, it is not specific that there are
particular industry or the operations within the organisation.
Analysis of various leadership theory examples and their impact on effectiveness and decision
making
In an organisation, there are certain leadership theory which is used by the leaders in
order to operate their functionality in the business so that they can reach to their desired
objectives. Top leading companies has the strong leaders and the managers which also
development the support system in the sustainability with in the organisation. Leadership and
management are the important aspects but some how they both are differentiated contributing the
growth of the business(Spurgeon and et., al., 2017). In context to Morrisons, the top level
management is having the better consideration to the effectiveness of the business as they are
giving higher profitability to them by taking the appropriate decisions for them. There are
various leadership theories and their impact on decision-making on the business is given below:
 Autocratic: It is the leadership style in which all the decisions is being taken by the top
level management and leader delegate their subordinate to follow their actions and they
are allowed to give their suggestions or the feedbacks in an of the operational task. It
resist the implementation of the innovative ideas ad the methods from their prospective
employees. In this, leader influence other to for their actions to accomplish particular task
in an well-defined manner.
 Democratic: This is the type of leadership in which all the decisions is being taken from
the collaborative feedback from their employees. This is also known as the participative
leadership style in which in which the members of the group can take part in decisions

making process and share their opinions to make modifications in the existing business
polices or the procedure(Vican, Alfirević and Pavičić, 2019).
 Transformational: It is the leadership style in which the leader work beyond their self
interest so that they can identify the needed change, creating vision so that they can guide
the change within the organisation. This also cause the change in individual and social
systems. It is ideal form which creates valuable and necessary and positive change in the
followers so that they can get the needful modification wit the aim of having higher
profitability.
 Laissez faire: They are having the attitude of trust and reliance on their employees, they
basically do not micromanage or get too much involves in the instructions or the
guidance. The leadership style means that subordinates and the team members have the
real lead while operating in an any of the business organisation(Lees and Armit, 2018). It
is the main consideration which also reflects the overall working of the company.
 Transactional: It is the leadership style in which leader promote compliance by the
followers with the help of rewards and punishment. With the help of this, they usually
reward the employees for their better performance and on the same time, they punish the
employees if they leads to conduct any unethical task within the organisation(Mertkan
and et., al., 2017).
From the above discussion, it can be said that there are different leadership style which is
being used by the business. Morrisons is working with the autocratic leadership in which they
define the task-to-do in an organisation so that they can establish the overall functionality within
the organisation with centralised working aspects. This also helps in establishing the professional
relationship within the employees from different business units.
Comparison of leadership and management activities in different organisations
Leadership and management is the aspects which helps in analysing the overall
functionality of business and it also assist in analysing the understanding effects on decision-
making in more descriptive way. There are various factors which can differentiated the leader
and the manager of Morrisons so that they can sustain in the market for long period time. For
say, leader is the one who create the vision, paint the picture and also inspire the individual to
move in the single direction. They think beyond what the individual can really do and they
influence the individual to take part in major operations. Where as manager is the one who

creates the goals, measuring and achieving the goals. They basically control the situations so that
they can reach to their desired objectives. Leaders are change agents as they are focuses in
innovation and getting change by offering creative ways to them. Whereas manager focuses on
maintaining the status quo, they stick with their work, refine them, structures and process to
make them better in an appropriate manner. In context to Morrisons, Leader are unique as it is
the trait of the individual but manager can copy as they apply their behaviour, competencies
which is being adapted by others rather than defining it by own.
Morrisons Tesco
They are following the autocratic leadership
style in which the leader is delegating their
actions to be done with the help of employees
so that all the work can be completed in an
well defined manner and can establish the
centralised working within the organisation.
By which it also helps them to get the better
working in the given department within the
business functions.
The organisation is following the democratic
leadership style as they are aim to enhance the
overall productivity of the business by getting
the better means in which they can establish
the overall functionality in an smooth and
effective manner. The leadership style also
helps in making creative and innovative
working within the organisation. Management
believes in group discussion task so that they
can reach to higher level of profitability which
can be beneficial for the company.
The importance of culture and the role leaders and managers.
Culture is the instilled by leader in the workplace and they become more engaged in the
overall functionality of the business and in context to Morrisons, significance of culture in leader
and manager are explained as follows:
 Higher quality and safety: Leader is the one who focuses on having better working
within the organisation. This also leads to have the better succession so that they can have
the better accomplishment with the so that they can have the better effectiveness within
the organisation(Golensky and Hager, 2020). Leader and manager of Morrisons always
focuses on better working within the organisation.

 Excellent customer service: leader and manger is establishing positive working
environment then they focuses on the better customer services which also helps them to
have the better working within the organisation. IN context to Morrisons, they always
focuses on having quick query to the customer service by which they can rightly establish
the good working environment.
Critical reflection on the impact of leadership and management.
When the leader and the manager is working with full of their dedication and maintaining
the overall functionality within the organisation. This reflects in having meaningful work which
also gives them the sense of opportunity and motivation to be best in their given job role.
Furthermore, they establish the collaborative working environment within organisation so the
information can be rightly receive to the concern person by which various task can be
accomplished in an appropriate manner. Proper management of all the functional areas helps in
establishing centralisation within the workplace so that right task is being operated by the
specialised person which relation the effectiveness of the work.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is concluded that leader and manger plays signifiant role in the
smooth functioning of the business. Leader is the one who influence the working of other person
and manager is the one who control the actions of the employees so that they can reach to their
desired goals. Hard skills are the skills which includes the computing skills, logical skills,
designing skills whereas, soft skills includes the social skills, motivation skills and the honesty of
the individual. The company is following the autocratic leadership style which also helps them to
have the better consideration to the goal so that they can rightly achieve the overall functionality
of goals. Organisational culture is significant which helps in the offering better services to their
customers and establishing good working environment.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Golensky, M. and Hager, M., 2020. Strategic leadership and management in nonprofit
organizations: Theory and practice. Oxford University Press.
Lees, P. and Armit, K., 2018. Medical leadership: an evidence-free zone?. BMJ Leader, 2(2).
Mertkan, S., and et., al., 2017. Diversity and equality in academic publishing: The case of
educational leadership. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International
Education, 47(1), pp.46-61.
Spurgeon, P., and et., al., 2017. Medical leadership: from the dark side to centre stage. CRC
Press.
Suriyankietkaew, S., 2019. Sustainable leadership and entrepreneurship for corporate
sustainability in small enterprises: an empirical analysis. World Review of
Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 15(1-2), pp.256-275.
Tian, M. and Huber, S.G., 2019. Mapping educational leadership, administration and
management research 2007–2016: Thematic strands and the changing landscape.
Journal of Educational Administration.
Torrance, D., 2018. Leadership, management and organisation in the primary school. Scottish
Education, pp.259-269.
Vican, D., Alfirević, N. and Pavičić, J., 2019. Croatian policy and experience in developing
educational leadership and management: Work in progress, or a failed experiment?. In
Educational Leadership in Policy (pp. 221-244). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.