Leadership, Management: Motivational Theories and Performance

This report explores the crucial role of leadership and management in fostering motivation and driving performance within the workplace. It delves into various content and process theories of motivation, highlighting how these theories can be applied to enhance employee performance and promote continuous improvement. The report also examines different leadership approaches, including autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and transactional styles, and discusses management approaches such as classical and contingency methods for optimizing performance. Ultimately, the report emphasizes the importance of understanding and implementing effective motivational strategies and leadership practices to boost employee morale, increase productivity, and achieve organizational goals. Desklib provides access to this and other solved assignments for students.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT AT WORKPLACE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES
 Content and process theory of performance management
 Content and process theory for continuous improvement
 LEADERSHIP APPROACHES
 Management approaches for performance improvement
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
 Motivation is the process which guides and encourage any person to achieve the goals and objectives of the
company.
 It involves the biological, social and emotional forces that activates the human behaviour in achieving the
objectives of the organization.
 This report includes the various content and process theories of motivation and the leadership and management
approaches for managing performance and continuous improvement.
 Motivational plan is defined as a tool to reward and motivate the employees in order to achieve the performance
of the employees.
 A motivational strategic plan consist of set of methods, procedures in order to implement the strategic plan in
effective manner.

MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES
Content Theory of motivation Process theory of motivation
 Content theory is defined as the theories which is related
to the concept of motivation.
 It is also called the need theory.
 It is concerned with the encouraging an individual that
is highlights the necessities and requirements that is
essential to motivate and employee.
 It focuses on the internal factors that encourages human
behaviour.
 The focus is on the needs that motivates and individual
to work for the achievement of the objectives of the
company.
 Process theory highlights the various behavioural patterns of
an individual for fulfilling the basic requirements.
 Process theory of motivation provides an opportunity to
analyse the thought process which influences the human
behaviour.
 This theory states that the choices of the individual is based on
the preferences and reward factor.
 This theory focuses on phycological process that affects the
motivation.
 Process theory includes that expectancy theory, equity theory,
goal-setting theory and reinforcement theory.

Content and process theory of performance management
Content theory Process theory
 Content theory is focuses on the internal factors that encourage
the employee to work towards achieving the goals of the
company.
 These motivating factors will not only help in motivating the
employees but also help in improving their performance.
 The hertzberg two factor theory is based on the hygiene and
motivator factor that act as a motivator and helps in improving the
performance of employees as satisfied employees will put their
efforts which will benefit the company.
 Process theory highlights the various behavioural practice of an
individual for fulfilling the needs and requirements.
 These motivational theories encourage the employees to improve
their performance and work towards achieving the goals and
objectives of the company.
 The Vroom expectancy theory describes the motivating factors
that helps to improve the performance of the employees such as
expectancy which is related to the strength and efforts of the
employees will result into increase in the performance level of an
employee.
 Motivation is not only the essential factor which results in the
improvement in the performance but also the skills and abilities
required for the completion of the task.

Content and process theory for continuous improvement
Content theory Process theory
 These motivational theories not only results in
improvement in the performance of the
employees but also helps in continuous
improvement of an individual for long term.
 These motivating factors create a satisfaction in
the employees which will boost their morale, and
they will put their efforts for achieving the
objectives of the company.
 This theory is concerned with the rewards and
preference factor which acts as a motivator in
order to improve the performance and for the
improvement of an individual which will affects
the company as well.

LEADERSHIP APPROACHES
 Autocratic leadership approach: This approach is also known as authoritarian
leadership approach where all the decisions are vested in the hands of the one person
or the superior authority for effective functioning of the business.
 Democratic leadership approach: This approach promotes the participation of their
subordinates and their workers that is the subordinates are free to present their ideas
and suggestions which can help in the decision-making process of the company.
 Laissez Faire leadership approach: This leadership approach is based on the
principle that the employees have necessary skills and experience to carry out their
work within the company. This approach is also known as delegation leadership
approach.
 Transactional leadership approach: This theory is based on rewarding the
employees for their performance which encourages the employee to meet the goals
of the company.

Management approaches for performance
improvement
Classical approach
 The classical approaches is one of the oldest approaches in
management and is known by various names such as Empirical and
management process approach.
 . IT represents about the various traditional thoughts about the company.
Contingency approach:
 The contingency approach or situational approach is based on the
principle that the management of the company is contingent in nature.
 All the decision which is take by the manager will be affected if any
uncertain event happened within the company.
 The company can be affected by the various external factors which are
beyond the control of the company.

CONCLUSION
 From the above report it can be concluded that the motivational theories helps the employees t boost their
morale and creates a satisfaction which improves their performance within the company.
 The company can adopt the different motivational theories in order to improve the performance of the
employees and also increases the productivity of the company.
 The leadership approaches used by the companies will help in the improvement of the performance of the
worker and initiates participation of the employees in the company.
 The management approaches used by the company will help in improving the performance and management of
the company.

REFERENCES
 Rusmiati, E., Harjadi, D. and Fitriani, L.K., 2021. Analysis of the Impact of Risk and Workload on Motivation
and Impact on Employee Performance. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research
(IJEBAR), 5(2).
 Van den Broeck, A., Carpini, J. and Diefendorff, J., 2019. Work motivation: Where do the different perspectives
lead us. The Oxford handbook of human motivation.
 Coccia, M., 2018. Motivation and theory of self-determination: Some management implications in
organizations. Journal of Economics Bibliography, 5(4), pp.223-230.
 MAREWO, N.T., MUTONGI, C., NYONI, T. and NYONI, S.P., THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE
MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE.
 Lazarova, T., 2020. Leadership and Motivation. Leadership, 26(27).