An In-Depth Analysis of Leadership and Management at Marks and Spencer

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the leadership and management practices at Marks and Spencer, an international clothing retailer. The report examines the roles and characteristics of managers and leaders, exploring their responsibilities in achieving organizational goals. It delves into different leadership theories, including situational, systematic, and contingency leadership, and how these approaches are applied within the company. The report also analyzes key approaches to operational management, emphasizing the importance of managers and leaders in achieving business objectives, particularly in supply chain management and maintaining product quality. Factors impacting operational management and decision-making processes are also discussed, highlighting the challenges and strategies employed by Marks and Spencer to improve performance and adapt to market changes. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of effective leadership and management in driving the company's success and addressing potential challenges in the competitive retail environment.

Management & Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 ....................................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Roles and characteristic and manager and leadership...................................................................................4
P2 Examination of role of leader and function of manager in different situation..............................................5
P3 Various theories and models of leadership approach....................................................................................6
TASK 2 ....................................................................................................................................................................7
P4 Key approaches to operation management and role of managers and leaders can play................................7
P5 The importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives Operation
management of the company define the performance of the company and.......................................................8
P6 Factors which impact on operational management and decision making process by leaders and managers9
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operations and management define proper control on the entire business environment.
It control the production and distribution activities of good and services or the
businesses(Richey and et. al., 2010). Management handle the business activities and
operation control the production process. Every company has its own activities and operation
which are change themselves only. Internal operations of every company effect its
management like labour, raw material related activities etc. Marks and Spencer is the
international clothing retailer which provide its clothing material in a world wide. The main
aim of the this entity is providing its product across the border and increase its earning power
more. Various types of goods and services is provided by this organisation and promote its
product in order to increase its sale. Managers plays a vital role in every entity. They can
manage all the activities which occur in within the premises. Managers must have a
leadership quality to motivate their employees and improve their performance towards work.
TASK 1
P1 Roles and characteristic and manager and leadership
Manager and leader plays a important role in every organisation and assist to meet
their goals and objective. They having a big responsibility towards work and put entities in a
profitable position. Managers are the person who manage overall performance of the
company and try to complete their task on time or in efficient manner. Marks and Spencer
having a huge number of staff including managers. It is international cloth retailing
organisation which provide product across the border. Manager helps entity to promote its
goods and services in a international market. Also they manage production activities in order
to meet the goals and improve its performance in a market. They work mainly to solve the
problem of their worker and try to motivate them. They collect all their effort and put
company in a profitable position(Peng and Lai, 2012). Leader also plays a important role in
every organisation. The main purpose of leaders motivate their workers and try to encourage
them towards work. Every leader must have good communication skills through which they
can directly interact with their member and easily motivate them. Responsibilities and roles
of managers and leader are as follows :

Self motivation- People can't motivate other if he is not self motivated. Motivation gives a
strength to manager to complete their task on time and improve the performance of the
company in a international market. Managers of Marks and Spencer give motivation to their
worker to promote product and try to increase sales or earning efficiency.
Communication skills- Further, to motivates others managers have to improve their
communication skills and try interact more with their members and improve human
relationship.
Confidence- It gives a strength to people to improve their performance and increase
production of the company.
Costumer service- Providing good costumer services is the big strength for the company in
order to maintain their performance and meet satisfaction of their costumers. Leaders and
managers of the Marks and Spencer make their effort for providing goods in a market on time
and maintain the trust of their consumers.
P2 Examination of role of leader and function of manager in different situation
Marks and Spencer is the international clothing retailer which provide its goods and
services in many cities and various places. Also it has different stores through which they sale
their product in a international market and all its functions are performed by their members.
Managers handle production activities and overall performance of the organisation(Nath,
Nachiappan and Ramanathan, 2010). Whenever sales is going to decrease of the company
managers makes new planning and strategies to improve its sales and earning more profit.
Leaders also having some quality to make creative ideas and new innovation in the company
to increase the sale. They plays a important role to boost up the confidence and balance the
situation. Sale is increase in the festive season like Diwali, Christmas etc. At that time, Marks
and Spence offering discount on their product and give some extra benefits for improving
their sales in a market. Managers and leader support advance technology to increase the
promotion function of the company. Promotion is one of the important activity which entities
need to do for aware costumer about their goods and services release in the international
market. Managers have to maintain all the activities on the daily basis in order to maintain a
smooth working in organisation. Marks and Spence having their website, on which costumer
can check details of the company then purchase product. This company deliver cloth with a
good stuff which attract more costumer towards the company(Mollenkopf, Frankel and

Russo, 2011). Some mistakes are done by the organisation like not promotes its product
which reduce its sale, use cheap products in a raw material, provide bad cheap costumer
services and not meet with costumer's expectation. If managers and leaders work efficiently
and give all their efforts they can be reduce these mistakes of the company and put it in a
profitable position. Managers have to find out the development needs of the workers and try
to work on that. Firstly, they held a meeting with their member and interact or communicate
one by one with member in order to find out their problem and give a possible solution to
them. They needs to revise the whole chain with in month or half of the year and try to
motivate them towards work. Managers need to monitor the whole of the activities which are
conducting in the organisation because they both are able to handle hard situation the
company(Melville, 2010). They make planning and strategies for reducing the future
contingencies or conflict which may or may not be arises in the future. If they got success in
these fields surely they can increase the sale of the company and maintain performance.
P3 Various theories and models of leadership approach.
Situational leadership- According to this theory managers can make necessary changes in the
organisation whenever it needs some changes. When company faces any difficulty in any
situation managers and leader collect their efforts in order to manage the problem and give
appropriate solution to them. Marks and Spence engaged in the business of retailing at the
international level so that, also they face some difficulty in various situation so manager have
to make some changes in the company accordingly(Lun, 2011). Situations of the is not
always remains same they have to deal with the hard time also and make some changes in
order to not repeat these condition in future. This is the situation in which members can use
innovative views and creative ideas to put the company in a beneficial or profitable situation.
Managers and leaders of Marks and Spence have the ability to reduce the conflict from the
company.
Systematic leadership- Every organisation needs to make systematic development in their
work performance. Further, if they use the systematic leadership surely they come closer with
their success point and to meet their desired objective or goals. Leader is the person who
plays a vital role in organisation and have a complete knowledge about company. He needs to
know the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the workers and company as
well. He manage his work accordingly. Marks and Spence have a lots of number of staff

which assist to complete its task on time. Therefore, manager and leader needs to planning
and strategies to maintain work in a systematic way and try to attain the desired goals. They
both have to make targets to maintain or fight against future contingencies. Because Marks
and Spence is the international clothing retailing organisation so that it have to manage its
production performance in the international market and promotion activities as well(Jacobs
and Chase, 2013). If sales of the company is going to reduce then it make offer attractive
discount and provide them a special benefits in order to increase its sale.
Contingency leadership- Contingency is refers to a situation which may or may not be arises
in the future. But every company have to prepare in advance to maintain them or fight against
them. Marks and Spence provide products across the border so that, managers and leader
have make some planning and strategies if any future contingencies arises in the future.
Leaders have to continuously motivate their workers and give proper guidance to them. In
short, in this kind of leadership possible outcomes can be evaluated but contingents arises in
future are not pre determine by any one.
TASK 2
P4 Key approaches to operation management and role of managers and leaders can play
Operation managers of every organisation need to play a task in order to complete
their task in a timely and efficient manner. Managers and leaders can perform their work
increase the performance of the company. Staff members of Marks and Spence have to
manage their task to attain goals of the company. Operation manager must be realistic and
communicate more with their workers for motivate them and provide proper guidance to
them(Houy, Fettke and Loos, 2010). He must handle the overall supply chain management of
the company and try to complete the task in a timely manner. Marks and Spence are focuses
on the product quality and they have to maintain stuff quality. Because it deals in a clothing
market it have to focused on its product material. Leaders must be responsible for the
efficiency power of the entity and complete work on time. He may make plans to fight with
future contingencies and conflict arises in the organisation. Some traits of managers are as
follows:
Realistic- Any company have no individual existence by its own they can be incorporated and
run by the human resources only(Heizer, Render and Munson, 2016). Staff members of

Marks and Spence are valuable and very member needs to communicate with other in order
to fulfil the desired goals or objective of the company. Managers and leaders provide proper
guidance to their worker or providing constructive ideas to them. If they feels that entity is
not in that position to increase its sale or profits then they communicate with their worker to
solve problem. For example; if operational manager of Marks and Spence realise that
company not perform well in production process, revenues are not generated, technologies
are not work effectively then he may directly interact with worker on that matter and together
try to find a appropriate solution.
Effective at supply chain management- Supply chain management is plays a important role in
Marks and Spence because its is a international retailer and deliver product in all over the
country. It supply stock in a bulk and earn more profit from various places. Operational
managers make a supply chain strategies and planning that minimise the risk level of entity,
maximising the result, increase the production level, improve promotion function and get a
opportunity to earn more money. The person who plays a role as a operational manager, he
must have experience in approaches of supply chain management like manufacturing, keep
stock in a stores, transportation and costumer services.
Focuses on quality- In today's world, people are focuses on product quality. Marks and
Spence engaged in a business of retailing cloth and consumer must check stuff material
before purchasing(Gimenez, Sierra and Rodon, 2012). Quality depends much because good
quality of product are survive more then a bed. Operational manager ensures its production
team to produce a good quality of product because it provide better return in comparison to
bed material stuff.
Manager looks for efficiency- Managers are responsible to check the production function of
the company. Operational manager can manage the input and output resources of the
organisation in order to company can complete their task on a time and in a efficient
manner(Galindo and Batta, 2013). These people can maintain work to reduce the cost,
increase revenue, decrease production cost and more profits. Person can make sure that
company is able to perform well and complete their task on time. Proper utilisation resources
is necessary in every to maintain work efficiently.

P5 The importance and value of operations management in achieving
business objectives Operation management of the company define the
performance of the company and
maintain it in a efficient manner. Quality management perform their task in order to attain the
objective of the company and desired goals. Operational management define the performance
through purchasing the raw material to sale product in a international market. In a Marks and
Spence production of cloths and delivering them in a international market, this process is
control by the operational managers only. Performance of operational department is effect the
overall existence of the organisation(Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2013). Outputs of the
entity is effect to its costumers as well as their stakeholder. Operational management gives
brief information related to raw material used by the department, outcomes from it, material
used in the production system and input and output resources used by the entity. It can
maintain the overall procedure and performance of the company. After receiving information
from this department managers make planning and strategies to promote further activities.
After completing first stage of production Marks and Spence start planning for promotion
function in international market and try to improve its sale. Costumers and stakeholder are
the strengths of the business. This department is equally important for a company as
functional departments are. Some importance of operation management in the Marks and
Spence are as follows:
 Operational managers give information related to production
department.
 Maintain procedure through purchasing of raw material to
production of goods and deliver them in a international market.
 Provide details related to required raw material, use of input
resources in a company and overall procedure of production.
 Estimate production of output through level of inputs.
 Use advance technology to produce the level of production of the
company.
 How much resources are going to use by the company to complete
the task in a efficient and effective manner.

 After getting information from operation department managers and
leaders can start make planning and strategies to attain the
objective or goals.
 If managers have no information regarding input and output
resources of the company it may not plan for further activities.
 They gives a brief information regarding production performance of
the company.
 Every activity of Marks and Spence are controlled by their
members and wants to perform in order to complete task on time.
P6 Factors which impact on operational management and decision making process by leaders
and managers
Marks and Spenser is having huge range of products to sale and they are having
different retail stores in the market so they have to manage all of them(Dekker, Bloemhof and
Mallidis, 2012). As the company is having affair in the international trade, they are having
huge impact of of the business environment. The company is using democratic leadership and
management style which helps and supports them to take an effective decision to improve the
efficiency of the employees and quality of their services. Some factors are here which is
having a direct impact on them and as well as they has a potential to make changes in the
activities;
Political: Government polices, rules and regulations involves in this part which is having
huge impact on the business activities, management and operations of the company. Change
in government policies makes a direct 8impact on the company and as well as their board of
directors. They have to make changes in their trade according to the government
policies(Cronin Jr and et. al., 2011). Elections are also having influence because after it new
government makes changes in the foreign trade and built up new connections from the new
countries so leaders have to make decisions to enlarge their market in those countries so the
company have to make proper planning accordingly.
Economical: Tax rates, inflation rates, purchase power and world economy is having
potentials to make changes in the trade policy and pricing of the products. most of the times
new governments makes changes in the slab rates of the taxes which is impacting on the
prices of the products(Closs, Speier and Meacham, 2011). so they have to make changes in

their prices to maintain a standard level in the prices which is helps full for the customers to
purchase a product.
Social: These factors are having a direct impact on the customers because Marks and Spencer
is having a direct deal with the consumers so they have to make changes in their products as
per the demands of the customers. As they are having deals in the clothing sector they have to
provide designs in the clothings as their customer demands from them. So their mangers and
leaders have to increase their number of suppliers to make variance in their products. so they
have to make effective decisions to select best suppliers which have potentials to make
supply on time with right products.
Technological: Most of the companies are beliving on the technology, it is a part of the
company. Marks and Spencer is having a various activities which are based on the technology
like: customer bills, monitoring of the supermarket, promotions and distribution of their
products. so their leaders have to take effective decisions to update their technology in all of
these departments. They have to use cost effective and as well as suitable technology for
them which supports them to increase their employee's efficiency and as well as customers
benefits(Clausen and et. al., 2010).
CONCLUSION
The above concluded report is having focus on the Marks and Spencer and their
management and operations. The organisation is having different departments to execute their
services so they have to make proper coordination among them to manage proper working
environment. The above carried analysis helps to analyse the roles and responsibilities of the
leaders and managers in the organisation to pursue activities in a flow. They are having a
responsibilities of their employees and customers so they have to make adjustments in their
work and business activities to provide best services to them. They have to use appropriate
leadership models which helps them to attain their business objectives. Managers and leaders
plays a important role in any organisation in order to put a company in a profitable situation.

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