Case Study: Leadership & Management in Non-Profit Volunteer Hiring

This literature review examines leadership and management within non-profit organizations, specifically focusing on the hiring and implications of volunteer work. It covers various themes including the concept of leadership in non-profits, the importance of hiring volunteers, benefits and challenges of different leadership styles, relevant leadership theories, necessary skills and strategies for managing non-profits, and the overall impact of leadership and management on organizational development. The review identifies a research gap and concludes with a summary of key findings, referencing scholarly sources to support its analysis of leadership and volunteer management in the non-profit sector. Desklib provides access to similar solved assignments and resources for students.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN
NONPROFIT ORGANISATION A CASE
STUDY OF THE HIRING OF
VOLUNTEERS IMPLICATIONS OF
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
WITHIN THE NON-PROFIT
ORGANISATION

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Theme 1: What do you understand by the concept of leadership within Non-profit
organization?...............................................................................................................................1
Theme 2: What is the importance of hiring volunteers in Non-profit company?......................3
Theme 3: What are the benefits of leadership styles in Non-profit organization?.....................6
Theme 4: What are the challenges faced at a time of implementing leadership styles within
Non-profit organization?.............................................................................................................8
Theme 5: Describe the different theories of leadership can useful for effectiveness in
management of non-profit organization......................................................................................9
Theme 6: What are the skills and strategies required for managing non-profit organization?. 12
Theme 7: What are the impacts of leadership and management in non-profit organization?...15
Theme 8: Why leader and manager is important for the non-profit organization?...................17
Theme 9: What the different implication of leadership and management in non-profit
organization for developing?.....................................................................................................19
RESEARCH GAP..........................................................................................................................21
SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23

CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will discuss certain aspects of the study in the format of literature review in
which available literature have been searched and identified related to specific topic or subject
area that needs to be researched. In other words, it has been evaluated that it is a kind of survey
that consists of scholarly sources in context of journals and articles over the topic which helps
the investigator in gathering the overview of current knowledge by identifying relevant theories,
methods and existing gap within the research (Eva and et.al., 2019). In addition to this, it also
involves finding of appropriate publication related to recent years that are articles, books and
journals, website, other government sources, etc.
Literature review has been written in order to describe written or handy evidence over a
particular or specific topic that is being selected to complete the study. This also shows and
describe the relationship among the past and present report that is being completed after detailed
investigation by the scholar. Hence, this chapter has included the literature reassessment that has
effectively analysing and identify significant information that is related to the leadership and
management in non-profit organizations.
MAIN BODY
Theme 1: What do you understand by the concept of leadership within Non-profit organization?
Leaders in for profit and non-profit organizations are responsible for decision making related to
creation of strategic plans which guide future actions of the company. The responsibility of
strategy formation must increase the anxiety among leaders in both for profit and non-profit to
take suitable choices for the company so that the business is able to succeed (Tacon, Walters and
Cornforth, 2017). The task of delegating responsibilities and roles two different employees is
completed by leaders which increases the importance of leaders reducing this hesitancy during
decision making and delegation of activities and strategies. Change in leadership in most
businesses is based on improvement of business performance (Handayani, 2018) (Zheng, Ni and
Crilly, 2019). However, one of the significant roles of leadership is to inspire and equip staff to
develop organizational strategies and envision their staff members to embrace their plan of
1

action with their same ethos. The ineffectiveness of leaders could result in spectacular
consequences. Without this coming from a leader, it could result in the loss of the organisation
altogether, or simply cause the organisation to lose any momentum and never fulfil its purpose
as to why it started in the first place.
It is inaccurate to state that leadership positions only include senior training positions as
leaders can be present in any position of the company (Daft and Marcic, 2019). Most of the
establishments nowadays position their key staff to prominent rolls. The very explanation for
this orientation is that the staff is expected to contend with the quickly ever-changing destiny in
the sector. Leaders within the firm can contend with difficulties and come in front of certain
resolution against them. However, managing director may not know what to do when they face
alteration. Antonymous to them, leadership people are the ones who set a course for the
approaching prognosticate any achievable alteration to come. Apart from the fast and speedy
alteration within the environment, scientific improvement and the improvement in specialization
also endanger the sustainability of the firm. Social control accomplishment on its own is not
enough to take advantage of groups (Gratton, 2018). Therefore, companies need leaders who
would inspire groups within the establishment. Some organizations on the other hand select to
do activities with lead managers.
The Bixler and Springer, (2018) illustrates in their study that leaders within the firm are
not only relevant for property but also for the employees. Effective leadership is equally as
important to the company as it is to the employees. This is because leaders take determining
decisions for employees which helps them guide towards betterment of their performance. This
is an important leadership responsibility as it affects internal and external environment oof the
company to gain success. Leaders also require commitment and/or honour from the employees,
which if given, give establishments the success they would like to have. Leaders of non-profit
organizations are supposed to have diversified features. Therefore, one could observe that the
recent form of impractical leading is more combinator (Not sure of the word for this?). Leaders
are the pioneers who are responsible for taking the firms towards new and advanced horizons by
taking opportunities and guiding the employees in an efficient manner. The vision is the one that
guides the leaders in an effectual mode (Megheirkouni, 2018).
In the view of Leskaj, (2017), it has been identified that vision of the firm is greatly
momentous for leaders and impractical position is pivotal for the commencement. If the
2

individual and his followers do not know where they are heading, the leadership is irrelevant. A
leader is the one who establishes the imaging but also imparts it to the employees. It is the
quality of designing a communal pursual and a procedure in which the subjective and visual
modality of groups, people and firms are influenced in their way to reach targets (Sarti, 2018).
Impractical activity is the quality to set up a vision that is down-to-earth, interesting and
authentic for the whole establishment or for a part of it and in order to express it. If the vision is
theoretical the right way, it strengthens all the sources together with the skills and abilities of the
staff members.
Ineffective communicators and leaders are dependent on oral communication for
influencing their subordinates (Kosfeld, 2020). Business concern decision makers of today
should establish an imagination that could convey success to the firm and to the employer by
foreseeing the future and through participative understanding of management. They require
developing strategies and make progress fast with a proactive approach that have an ability to
change warning into possibility. By existence aware of the benefits, continuous learning
provides visionary leaders that must built up organizations that are able to always acquire and
condition to accept in the necessity of the preparation while catching up with the novelties as
well as changes. They are the ones who inspire the employees with the help of vision (Marques
and Dhiman, 2018). They are the ones who ensure that within the non-profit organization,
employees focus on the future aims of the establishment along with providing attention over the
employee’s speech, as well as respect the values and act in order to strengthen their position
while always upholding the vision and ethos.
Theme 2: What is the importance of hiring volunteers in Non-profit company?
Voluntary workers play an essential role in completing daily activities in a non-profit
company and work alongside paid workers to attain company objectives (From the perspective
of Heffernan, 2018). These jobs are different from each other but support success of the
company equally. It can be disorienting for both paid and unpaid groups if they are going to do
same or similar kind of roles, as they can lead to resentment. However, there are various kinds of
challenges that have been faced by the firms in order to recruit and retain a volunteer along with
having a spread between what the grouping want from unpaid people and what the firms are
offering (Febriani and Selamet, 2020). Thus, companies need to think about innovative ways in
3

order to involve volunteers perhaps micro volunteers, family volunteers, etc. The non-profit
organizations involve volunteers while adding the value to the firm and helps them to achieve
their objectives and goals in effective manner. The volunteers are the ones who help the
organization to engage more diverse range of experiences, skills and knowledge. Through this
the company can reach more of their beneficiaries. It also helps to raise awareness about the
company cause and build relationship within the community (Wilmsen, 2019). It also
contributes towards providing support to others within the same assemblage by providing
military volunteer possibilities, providing opportunities for societal situations, skills’
improvement and possible routes to occupation. There is also evidence that volunteering can
help to improve health and well-being for individuals.
Volunteers are responsible for confuting important activities such as devolution and
delivery of activities, projects and services by bringing in new opinions, approaches and ideas
(Baykal and Zehir, 2018). This can help the firm to conform, edict applicable to what the
benefactive role and assemblage need along with identifying possibilities to improve operatives.
They also help in order to deliver services or projects in more efficient and effectual manner
which contribute their part to save money as well as resources. Therefore, companies do have to
invest in providing support to volunteers for this to work effectively. There are specific ways
through which the company recruit volunteers that are based upon the size, budget, activities by
seeking help, etc (Lee, 2019). Volunteers are not restricted to any geographical or governmental
place worldwide, and here in Asia, where there are several poor countries, volunteers can still
work and offer their time, as well as work as paid individuals.
There is no essential to conference serviceman for instance, although it is a good recitation to do
so even if it is represented as an unceremonious gathering rather than a group discussion. It is
also a good recitation to code issues of variedness. (Still not sure what you want to convey with
this part – Sorry)
Some organizations have formal procedures for recruiting volunteers within their non-
profit organization, but most organisations do not (Akella and Eid, 2018). Littler and
unceremonious self-help groups may not inevitably enlist a man to a particular role or function
4

and will use volunteers to tend to the business at hand, whether they are particularly suited to
that role or not. However, before commencement of employment goes ahead, they need to bear
in mind that time-honoured serviceman routes are changing and there is increasing competition
amongst organisations for a pool of relative grouping (Nonnis and et. al., 2020). People present
their requirements, skills and abilities because they want to be sure that their time is of benefit,
and well spent doing what they are good at, so it’s important to have volunteer work well
coordinated and that their efforts will be measured to attain the best of their abilities, not waste
their time, and make the organisation achieve its goal.
It is important to recruit dedicated and talented volunteers to support staff in achieving a
company’s mission (Garsten and Bruce, 2018). Recruiting volunteers can greatly impact a
company. Volunteering for non-profit is an unmistakable mode in building both volunteer and
citizens in a stronger community so it’s important to both to have volunteers employed within
non-profit organizational activities. Volunteers giving appropriate services also receive the
opportunity to help themselves as well. It is well documented that if a person in depression helps
others, it most often alleviates that depression, and has been known to dispel it (Mekonen and et.
al., 2021). It helps the volunteer learn new skills, and hone old skills. Volunteering can be a win-
win situation for both the volunteers as well as the people who are being served by them. A
company, in their recruitment efforts, can often be unaware about the benefits of employing
volunteers too. Very often, a passionate, eager volunteer, will come into the situation with fresh
eyes, and in their eager passion, fuel the employees towards other possibilities or ideas towards
ways of working with people and finding understanding in given situations. (Stefanick, Best-
Bertwistle and Race, 2020). It has been identified that, even the happiest employee can get
bogged down in the work of their employment within the firm and people who love their day-to-
day job can get bored. Hence, volunteering helps the firm to enhance the level of interests
among the establishment as the activities are not bound to any specific structure and each person
is welcomed to give their suggestion in the firm. Non-profit organizations require volunteers in
order to get specialists or professionals who will work with them without getting anything in
return. With the help of such kind of volunteers, the non-profit organizations can grab their
profit margin and reduce their costs as they have professionals who provide technological
services to the firm. With the help of volunteers, the firms can raise their fund level for the
successful running of the establishment. They also provide services in order to interact with the
5

society as well as the community so that social awareness can be spread in wider context (Ertas,
2019). The resources of the organization also utilize in effectual way without getting anything
waste.
Voluntary workers bring new perspective to the company which can support
improvement in daily operations and contribute to organizational success. Professional
developments are not only limited to workday hours (Paciarotti, Cesaroni and Bevilacqua,
2018). Volunteers are the ones who provide various opportunities to the firm. They are the ones
who provide new ways and methods in order to do things and make the other staff members as
well to complete their tasks in highly effectual ways. The professionals help the other team
members to learn new ways of managing, brainstorming and problem solving. In other words, it
is also a kind of team building experience that have been adopted by the firm as well as giving
back to the community at the same time.
Theme 3: What are the benefits of leadership styles in Non-profit organization?
It has been identified that non-profit management are created by civil lodge and rely on
over volunteers who utilize their efforts in order to extenuate social issues (Abasilim, Gberevbie
and Osibanjo, 2019). The leaders within these kinds of societies plays an important role in the
development of the establishment as they inspire, motivate and encourage those who make up
the firm and work as drivers among the society. In general, it has been identified that there are
basically four types of approach to non-profit leadership which includes retainer leadership,
transformational leadership, interactive leadership and magnetic leadership. Servant leading is a
way to advance a non-profit social group based upon the generalization of servant ability. It is
based upon the ideas that leaders should serve others before themselves. It requires them to be
modest, self-denying and highly ordained towards the needs and desires of others. It is all about
authorizing those around the individual and building them up. This leadership style can be
utilized as an agency for leaders to appoint a comprehensive surrounding where people feel
recognized and cared for. The benefits that have been contributed by this kind of leadership style
in non-profit organizations is to keep the firm’s focus of its missionary task, and never lose sight
of the missionary post. (Aboramadan and Dahleez, 2020). A servant person has authentic
interest in other people and will work towards making their job easier. Servant mindset focuses
on making the jobs of other easier by removing unnecessary workload This includes pickings up
6

some of their obligations or providing emotive assistance to those who need them the most. A
servant leader is somebody who knows that everyone has value and worth within the
establishment. They formulate a situation for others, where they can accomplish things and grow
in confidence and knowledge. They also realize that everyone can supply invaluable support to
the firm and will give opportunity and open space for everyone to have a chance to shine.
The usage of transformational leadership in non-profit company helps attain
organizational betterment (Lee, 2019). This has been established to be the most effectual manner
to create successful non-profit firm. This type of management style helps the individual in order
to motivate staff, make decisions, that are best for the firm in that they create a civilization that
is centred on service. This leadership style often be used to enhance the effectiveness of the firm.
It can be used in non-profits in order to enhance their skilfulness and effectualness. The
challenge with transformational position can be that it takes more time than other styles of
leadership. This does not mean it is not worth doing however, because their success rate is
higher than other styles of leadership. It is more time-consuming, and it does not work for every
non-profit out there. Leaders using this style can make up amended institution culture for
employees as well as clients.
Transactional leadership in a non-profit firm leads generally by commission of directors
and hence the committee is trustworthy for both the vision and dealings of the firm (Mirabella
and et.al., 2019). This is a kind of style that is used in non-profit firms which also involve
component hunting, giving response, and setting specific goals required to be met. It is when the
leader and follower meet at a common goal, characterized by mutual respect and understanding.
However, charismatic leadership is when an individual can attract and motivate people to join
the cause. It is when a leader has the magnetic personality that is powerful and ignites passion
and vision in others to follow them. They are not born with this passion, but rather prepared with
the help of training sessions, discipline and practice (Asbari, Santoso and Prasetya, 2020). This
style of leadership will enhance the performance of the firm by improving their culture and
morale. With various studies, it has been identified that this kind of leader is more wrapped up
towards completing their project and awareness towards attaining the goal is more focussed
upon, as it brings such great levels of satisfaction to their job.
7

Theme 4: What are the challenges faced at a time of implementing leadership styles within Non-
profit organization?
It has been identified that leadership continuously presents changing circumstances o
employees with limited capabilities in terms of organizational resources and control over
external forces. These challenges are an invitation to rise to another level; to test themselves and
improve process (Asif and et.al., 2019). Situations that arise from outside their situation, but
impact the company regardless need to be faced, and therefore grow a leader in taking the
company through it. External challenges such as public disapproval especially clueless
unfavourable judgment of the group or mission, social issues either within the group or mission
are common in the current business environment and there is need for individuals who can
provide effective solutions and support in such situations. Crisis stemming from company
programmes, the financial resources present at the company, opposing forces from external
entities, inability to persuade, barrier resulting from collaboration with others requires a leader
for providing a sense of direction and introduce equilibrium. An effective leader is needed in
times of organizational crisis equally by the company and the employees. In case of non-profit
organizations, the requirement for such type of leader is of utmost important as the external
environment in which such organizations operate is continuously changing. In order to cope with
external challenges, the leader is required to be proactive, regardless of the situation they find
themselves in. In terms of achieving their goal, waiting is often not something a leader wants to
do, to just fulfil requirements, and tick the correct boxes. They have a vision and want to move
on it, and make it come to fruition. This characteristic can and does make the group of workers
nervous, as they may view their leader’s passion as reckless, or acting without control or
boundaries. Leaders are most often very creative, and often spontaneous as ideas come through
their minds, which they see clearly and will solve issues, but the group cannot read the leader’s
mind, so are blind to the outcome a leader can see. It requires adoption of certain changes within
the working of the style in which the work has been done or completed within the workplace. By
expanding the thoughts' horizon, the leaders can reach a collaborative space under which all the
team members are combined to fulfil specified tasks.
Apart from this (Lee, 2017) Leaders can deal with certain challenges and seek help to
achieve the goal, and are able to resolve a variety of difficulties, add components, assert rules
and give access to enable people to do business in collaborative manner. By retaining the
8

objectivity and mediating the conflict within the firm by not taking anybody's side helps the
leaders to resolve a certain amount of struggle and/or challenges, as well as create more
opportunities to help them work in combined manner, develop team within the group, or
organisation, and develop and grow them to overcome challenges for themselves.
Internal challenges also need to be considered by the leaders in context that leaders might
also face their own individual issues and making sure they do not prevent them from exercising
leadership (Vallaster and Von Wallpach, 2018). Internal challenges such as insecurity faced by
them in context that they are not up to the tasks they face. They might even believe that they are
fooling people which makes them proactive by following their vision from feeling like leaders.
Another challenge is defensiveness which shows up most frequently as a cognition to take
disapproval. It also considers obstinate action to alter plans, thoughts or presume even if they are
being shown to be ineffective. Some other challenges include inability to direct the team when
they are facing issues, inability of being objective, impatience, etc.
In order to deal with them certain practices which involve listening to the employees in
an appropriate manner, asking for 360-degree feedback, look at the situations that are going
around them, reach out for professional help etc. comes under the consideration and effectively
able to fulfil the requirements of resolving internal challenges faced by the firm (Harris and
Neely, 2021).
Theme 5: Describe the different theories of leadership can useful for effectiveness in
management of non-profit organization
As per the view of Laohakul and Rassameethes, (2021) theories of leadership has power
to describe which essential practice for human, it has to apply within in business activity for
management performance of different people behaviour evaluation and effective communication
application. Contingency theory of leadership has power to manage multiple conflicts within
identification of business situation, its very effective leadership techniques mainly for non-profit
business or organization where multiple conflicts happened within basis activisms from
leadership styles and management methods. Management of non-profit organization such who
believes and prefer to provide services with taken few amounts or without amount so its
essential that this type of organization highly prefer this approach for management of
performance of individual towards with the business activities.
9

According to Rotich, (2021) argued that behavioural leadership theory because its useful
for evaluation of performance towards with the business activities so leader has duty to resolve
their problems and develop decisions on the basis of requirement identification. Within non-
profit organization this leadership practices has power to coordinating individual with great
manner because it develops instruction individual has different behaviour so for the management
require some motivation tools which useful for resolve conflicts and manages work efficiency.
Also, it guides with great manner to resolve conflicts. Görgens-Ekermans and Roux, (2021)
established democratic behavioural approach and this theory is one of the most effective styles
or approach for managing different people behaviour with more effective ways. Because, it
always believes and prefer in develop concern on effectively handle every individual behaviour
with the best solution expansion.
As per the view of Goldsby and et.al., (2021) leader when hire new employees they do
have duty to develop diversity approach. So management has duty or responsibility to develop
hire concern towards with the human resources department activity that when they hire
employee they do have to maintain diversity and effective communication for encourage
employee towards with the non-profit organization. Because, various people consider that non-
profit organization not provide good salaries and incentive so very few individual prefer to
engage and participate within in non-profit organization. Because multiple time this type of
business get affects from lack of resources and financial disability issues. In this activity
business management has duty to develop higher consideration towards with human relationship
theory. Its useful for manage good relation with polite communication expansion in hiring and
employee learning process.
Baig and Ndiweni, (2021) established that transactional theory or management theory
has mainly concern on that management team or leaders develop higher consideration and
focuses towards with the distribution of essential benefits to employees what they really wants
and when they not able to fulfil their needs and wants. On the basis of author they highly
concern that management of employee is very complicated when company is non-profits
organization. So its essential to add on into business activities one major theory of leadership is
transactional theory. This theory useful for develop great structure for employee benefits, new
employee hire process and from the discussion then management decide to develop plan for the
10