Leadership and Management: Roles, Situations, and Operational Impact

This report provides a comprehensive comparison between the roles of leaders and managers within an organizational context, using Tesco as a case study. It differentiates between leadership and management functions, highlighting their distinct approaches to vision setting, goal creation, risk management, relationship building, and employee direction. The report explores the application of leadership and management in various situations, including stable, changing, and technologically evolving environments, as well as in addressing labor retention and organizational conflicts. It further examines different leadership theories and styles, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages, and emphasizes the roles of leaders and managers in operational functions, and their impact on decision-making. The report concludes with a discussion on the factors that influence the operational management and decision-making processes of leaders and managers, providing valuable insights into their combined influence on business outcomes.

Management and Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................4
P1. Differentiate between the role of leader and function of Manager..................................4
P2. The role of leader and function of manager in different situation...................................7
P3. Different theories and models of leadership....................................................................9
LO 2...............................................................................................................................................12
P4 Role of leaders and managers in the operation function of organisation: ......................12
P5. Importance and value of operations management in achieving objectives of organisation :
..............................................................................................................................................14
P6.Factors which has an impact on the operational management and decision making of the
leaders and managers:...........................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION: ............................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
Operation management refers to administration of business practice in the organisation t create
the highest efficiency level in performing the task. It is a method of converting material and
labour in finished goods and services. Tesco is a multinational company who provides goods
and services to the customer. It was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919. Tesco is one of the
leading retailer company and deals in food, beverages, grocery etc. This report highlights the
role of leader and manager in the organisation. It explains the role of leader and manger in
different situations of the organisation and find the way to improve the organisational
relationship. It also explains the different leadership style and theory and the advantages and
disadvantages of different styles. It focuses on the manager and leaders role in operational
function of the organisation. This report highlights the relationship between the management
and leadership in business environment. It explains the factor which affect the decision of
leader and manager in operational management.
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LO 1
P1. Differentiate between the role of leader and function of Manager
Leader : leader are the person who direct the employees in the organisation to achieve the
goal. They influence the employee's by creating a clear vision and motivate employees time to
time and provide the training and development programme to enhance their work ability and
achieve the organisational goal with individual goal. Leader requires at all level and work as a
representative of the organisation.
Manager : Manager is a person who create goal for the organisation and formulate the
strategies to achieve the goal. The function of manager is planning, organising, staffing
controlling and directing the organisational activities (Legood and et.al., 2016). Different
managers play different role in the organisation like top management create vision and mission
for the whole organisation, functional manager control the different functional area like sales
and marketing, finance, etc.
Basis Leader Manager
Vision / goal Leader create vision for the
whole team and direct the team
to achieve the vision. They
define the activities, work
place, environment, culture to
the employees and share their
vision to the employees to
integrate the value, belief and
actions. They motivate the
employees to feel valued in the
organisation. Tesco motivate
the employees and encourage
them to participate in
organisational activities and
decision making process
Manager create goal for the
organisation. They focus on
the setting and measuring the
goal. They control the
activities and situation of the
organisation to exceed or reach
the objective. Manager of
Tesco works to become a
leading retail company and to
provide their services and
product to the whole world.
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through the leader. It
encourages employees to feel
valued in the organisation and
work toward the common goal.
Risk Leader take risk for the growth
of the organisation. Leader
uses the conflict as an asset for
the organisation. They take it
as an opportunity to create the
new ideas and competitive
skills. In Tesco, leader take the
risk of applying innovative
ideas in their product and
always use different style to
capture the attention of the
consumer.
For example Tesco innovate
the products to capture the
customer and take risk of
acceptability of the product in
the market.
Manager controls the risk in
the organisation. Manager
avoids the conflict and try to
harmonise the situation. In
Tesco, manager control risk
for the stable profit and
productivity.
For example Tesco use the
feedback from the consumer
strategy to evaluate the
performance and control the
risk in the market.
Build relationship/system Leader build relationship in
the organisation. Each
employee work for achieving
the own goal in the
organisation. Leader work as a
link between the organisation
Manger builds the system and
process in the organisation.
They plan the activities,
organise the work and assign
the task to different
departments and functional
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and the employee (Daly,
2017). They integrate the
organisational goal with
individual goal. Leader try to
coordinate the employee's
effort toward a common
purpose and to achieve the
goal. They influence the
employee, coordinate their
activities and urge them to
achieve the target. Tesco
influence their employees to
achieve the sales target and
increase their sales by
providing the goods and
services at lower cost and
become a leading super
market.
area.
Coach /direct Leader work as a coach or
teacher for the team member.
They coordinate work with the
employees and provide
solution to their problems.
Tesco organise different
training and development
programme (Nawaz, Khan,
2016). Leader evaluates the
performance of each and every
employee and provide training
according to the need of the
Manager directs the employees
to work in efficient manner
and delegate the work to them.
In Tesco, manager direct the
employees and assign task to
them. They recruit the right
person for the right job.
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employee.
Execute strategy Leader executes the strategy of
the top management in the
organisation. They direct the
employee to achieve the goal
and formulate the strategy.
They also control and monitor
the employees activities in the
organisation and give feedback
to the employees to improve
their work efficiency. Tesco
provides many tools and
techniques to the employees
and leader evaluate the tools
and performance of the
employees.
Manager formulate strategy for
the employees. They provide
the tools and techniques to the
employees but leader help the
employees in applying these
tools and techniques in their
work.
Style Leader uses the
transformational style.
Manger uses the transactional
style.
Aim The aim of the leader is the
growth and development of the
employees. They work for the
employees personal growth.
The aim of manager is to attain
the desire result. They work
for the organisation and
achieve the target.
P2. The role of leader and function of manager in different situation
There are different situations arise in the organisation where manager and leader has to take the
important decision and to use the different strategies to resolve the problems. The situation
are :
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Stable situation : In stable situation in changing environment Tesco leader and manager
regulate the day to day activities of the organisation and the external environment to find the
variation and improve the performance of the organisation.
Less to moderate situation : In less to moderate situation the manager and leader of Tesco try
to change their strategies to match with the changing business environment.
Highly change situation: In highly change situation the Tesco leader and manager train their
employees to adopt the changing environment and cope up with the market.
Change in technology : It refers to change in the process to increase the productivity and
profit without any change in the input. For example the innovation of 4 G networks help to
smooth operation of the activities in the organisation. It improves the communication and
transportation system. It also helps to provide the goods and services to the customer on time
and increase the satisfaction level of employee.
Role of manager and leader in technology change
Manager and leader play an important role in changing technology. They organise the training
programme to train their employees to learn the new technology and work on them. It helps the
organisation to retain in the market and competition (Responsibilities of Managers, 2017).
Technology provides a digital platform to Tesco to provide their services and goods online and
quickly resolve the customer problem via email. It also improves the delivery system of Tesco.
Tesco use the robot for the delivery of the product. Robot has an GPS system and cameras
which detect the address and deliver the product on time. It was made to reduce the customer
problem and deliver the goods on time without any barriers like traffic and employee retention.
Manager and leader direct the employees to work on the new technology and save their time in
operational and maintenance of activities. Leader teaches the employees to work on the
computer system and on new software to make their work easy. It helps the employee to
maintain the inventory, order level, salary slip etc.
Labour retention : labour retention means the ability of the firm to maintain their work force
and retain the employees in the organisation. For example the retention rate is 85 % in the
organisation which means the 85% employees work in the organisation for a given period.
Role of manager and leader
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To maintain the employee level in the organisation manager and leader use different strategies.
Tesco leader motivate their employees to increase their work efficiency and feel valued in the
organisation. They also provide different incentives, bonus and involve employees in decision
making process to increase their motivation. They encourage the employees to give their
valuable suggestions and ideas in the organisation. It develops self belongingness among the
employee's and decrease the turnover level. Manager formulates different strategies like work
life balance, recognitions and rewards, employee compensation, on boarding and orientation
etc. It provides the growth area to the employees and retain them in the organisation.
Conflict in the organisation
Conflict arises due to the dissatisfaction of the employees to the working environment and
management. It is caused by the difference in the actual and perceived outcomes. Employee
perceive to fulfil their needs, demand in the organisation to achieve their personal goal and
when they not achieve this goal, then they dissatisfied and this create conflicts among the
employees and management.
Role of manager and leader
To maintain the coordination and peace in the organisation and solve the conflict manager and
leader play an important role. Leader communicate with the employees regularly and try to
understand their problem and provide different solution. Tesco use the balance score card
technique to evaluate the performance of the employees and appraise their work according to
the score by different way like promotion, bonus, rewards and recognition. Manager control
and evaluate the performance of the employees. It helps to create the equity in the organisation
and reduce the conflict. Tesco provides the communication skills training to the employees to
reduce the conflict. Leader helps the staff to maintain the positive work environment and
implement the team building activities to improve their team work. Manager clear the goal and
objective of Tesco to the employees to work towards a common goal. They treat each and
every employees fairly in the organisation.
P3. Different theories and models of leadership
Situational leadership : It is based on followers and leader relationship. Leader must be
adaptable to choose the different leadership style in different situation. This model also known
as Leadership life cycle theory. It is based on the task behaviour, maturity level and
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relationship behaviour factor. It is based on the use of leaders personal skills and ability to lead
the current situation. Leader should adapt to the current situation at a time (Meier, 2016).
Tesco use the situational leadership style to solve the current problems in the organisation.
Leader use their skills to solve the problem and change their strategies according to the
situations.
Advantages of situational leadership
 Situational leader create a comfortable environment for Tesco employees. They
create comfortable environment to perform the duties effectively and efficiently. It
helps leader to motivate the employees by meeting their needs and demand.
 It helps in individual development of the employee. Situational leader evaluate the
competency of each and every employee individually and then boost the motivation of
the employee. It increases the productivity of Tesco by maximize the individual output
in the team.
 It increases the team efficiency of Tesco. The situational leader help to find a common
place for each member to perform their task which ultimately reduce he conflicts in the
firm.
Disadvantages of situational leadership
 Situational leader focus on the current situation and need rather than to focus on the
long term needs. They try to meet the current objective which ultimately affects the
future goal.
 It is based on the skills of the leader. If leader are able to understand the needs of the
employees of Tesco than it will be useful but if leader was not able than the leadership
style was not productive for the firm.
System leadership
System leadership create condition where all level employee can work productively for their
potential. It creates the healthy relationship in Tesco to meet the organisational goal. It
provides tools to the leader to predict employees behaviour in their organisation. It also helps
to build the effective system in the organisation to create the productive behaviour and to
increase the production and profit of Tesco.
Advantages of system leadership
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 It leads the system leader to increase the productivity of the organisation. They
delegate the work to the employees efficiently and control their activities to get the
productive result. They assign the task according to the ability and skills of the
employees to get desired profit and increase the sales.
 System leader boost the morale of the employees of Tesco by coordinate their work
and provide an efficient plan to do their task.
Disadvantages of system leadership
 Some time system leadership approach seems to be unpractical because it cannot be
easily and directly apply to solve the practical problem.
 System leadership approach is rigid in nature. It cannot be changed easily with change
in the environment. Tesco is a service industry, these approach only useful for the
manufacturing industry because service industry required to adopt the changes in
external environment.
Contingency leadership
According to the contingency leadership theory there is no perfect or best way to organize the
activities. It helps to find the best match between the leader and the situation (Fiedler, 2015.). It
suggests that situation is characterised by assessing different factors i.e. relationship between
the leader and the member, task structure and the authority of the leader to reward or punish the
followers. It helps to take the right decision in different situation. In contingency approach
leader focus on the current circumstances and prepare their plan and strategies to adapt the
environment.
Advantages of contingency leadership
 It is adaptive in nature that means leader can change their plan and strategies
according to the current situation and help Tesco to manage and maintain their work
environment.
 It widened the scope of leadership in Tesco. It gives the importance to leader skills,
ability, knowledge and understanding regarding the conflicts and problem in company.
Disadvantages of contingency leadership
 It is a complex approach and not suitable for every problem and situation. It is not
always suitable for the practical problem.
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 It is reactive in nature. Some time the Tesco leader can not handle it and it also suffers
from in adequate literature.
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