Unit 4 Report: Leadership and Management in Business Operations

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management within an organizational context, focusing on the distinctions between the roles of a leader and a manager. It examines various management functions and leadership roles, referencing theories such as Scientific Management and Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Effect. The report applies these concepts to different situational contexts, particularly within the operations management of an automobile company facing challenges like fluctuating material costs. It further evaluates how leaders and managers can enhance operational efficiencies to meet business objectives, considering factors within the business environment that influence decision-making. The analysis extends to the impact of the relationship between leadership and management on the business and the wider community, culminating in a critical evaluation of operations management within a chosen organization.

Unit 4
Management and Operations

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................4
LO1 Differentiate between the role of a leader and the function of a manager........5
Introduction...................................................................................................................5
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a
manager.........................................................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................9
LO2..................................................................................................................................10
Introduction....................................................................................................................10
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager
apply in different situational contexts.....................................................................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................12
Introduction....................................................................................................................13
P3. Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational
leadership, systems leadership, and contingency.................................................13
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................14
M2 Access and evaluate the strength and weakness of different approaches
to situations within the work environment...........................................................15
D1 Critically analyze and evaluate the different theories and approaches to
leadership using examples from your chosen organization..............................16
LO3 Demonstrate an appreciation of the role leaders and managers play in the
operations function of an organization.......................................................................17
P4 Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that
leaders and managers play.......................................................................................17
Introduction....................................................................................................................17
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................25
Introduction....................................................................................................................27

P5 Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving
business objectives...................................................................................................27
M3 evaluate how leaders and managers can improve the efficiencies of
operational management to successfully meet the business objectives of
your chosen organization......................................................................................34
LO4 Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between leadership and
management in a contemporary business environment...........................................35
P6 Using examples from your chosen organization, assess the factors within
the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers............................................................35
M4 Analyse how the relationship between leadership and management affects
the business environment and wider community of your chosen organization.
..................................................................................................................................36
D2 Critically evaluate the application of operations management in your
chosen organization and the factors that impact on the wider business
environment.............................................................................................................37
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................38
References......................................................................................................................39

Introduction
This unit is describing the operations and the management of an organization. The role
and the characteristics of the manager are compared. It includes the role of leader and
the functions of the manager according to different situations. Different theories and
models are included with leadership and all management functions. Different
approaches are described with their weakness and strength within the work
environment. The model of approaches and the theories of leadership and function of
manager are described by effectively by applying the range of theories and the
concepts. Moreover, the importance and the value of operations management in
achieving business objectives are explained. To meet with the business objectives the
managers and leaders how can improve the efficiencies of operational management are
described in brief. The factors which impact in decision making and operational
business by the managers and leaders are also described. It has analyzed that how the
relation of management and the leadership can affect the business and the wider range
of the community.
LO1 Differentiate between the role of a leader and the function of a manager.
Introduction
The given task will explain the definition of management and leadership, along with their
roles & responsibilities in the organization. The task will also discuss the important
management functions developed by Henry Fayol and various leadership roles provided
by Mintzberg to develop the organization thoroughly.

P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a
manager.
Management
Management refers to a process that includes the terms planning, organizing, leading
and controlling with respect to its implementation on the organization. Management is
nothing but a simple process of dealing with people and resources for achieving
organizational goals.
Leadership
Leadership refers to leading a group of individuals or a business organization by a
leader to achieve various business goals. Leadership is a mindset of a good leader to
influence other ones through organization’s vision and mission.
The various management functions developed by Henry Fayol are;
 Planning is an initial stage of the management function that involves a path to
achieving business goals through pre-planned strategy. According to Henry
Fayol planning is one of the hardest processes of the management function. The
most significant function of manager of Jaguar is to set an effective plan to boost
its car manufacturing (Realentrepreneur, 2017).
 After planning, the important function of management is to organize the business
structure according to available resources, capital, and staff. The proper
functioning of organizing is essential to achieve the business goals. For the
management of Jaguar, it is important to utilize the available resources and staff
for smooth functioning of the business.
 Under the directing function, leaders mainly give instructions to the employees of
the organization to perform various tasks related to achieving some specific goal,
along with proper guidelines, directions, and communication. The managers of
Jaguar allocate the different tasks to employees to perform better according to
their ability.
 Under the controlling function of management, the actual verification is held
between the actual results and desired result of the organization. Manager of the
Jaguar must check out the upcoming results and problems for better
implementation of management strategies (Richtopia, 2018).
Following are the three groups of leadership roles;
Interpersonal roles
The interpersonal roles of manager include the further three terms: figurehead,
leader, and liaison. As first manager figurehead all the important information of the
company related to staff, customers, suppliers and employees that further helps in

smooth functioning of the Jaguar. The second one treats a manager like a leader
and force manager to act like a leader with better coordination. The last subhead
shows a different role of a manager by establishing a link between the company and
outsiders through conferences and meetings (salesforce, 2014).
Informational roles
The manager of Jaguar control and monitor the activities of the company, along with
better coordination between the environmental factors; external and internal (RAO,
2013). The manager always searches current information about the business
decision making processes and transfer important information regarding changing
policies, plans, and technology upgrade to the employees.
Decision roles
In the decision making roles of the organization, the manager performs further tasks
on the basis of all given information; business as well as environment information
(RAO, 2013). Manager and leader of Jaguar make business decisions with creative
ideas along with leading all employees smoothly, for continuing development &
growth of the company.

M1 Analyse and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a
manager by effectively applying a range of theories and concepts.
There are different types of theories that apply to the management of the company that
involves scientific management and Elton Mayo's Hawthorne Effect theories. The roles
and functions of manager and leader are defined according to different types of theories
ranges, along with their approaches to handling the employees and other factors.
Scientific management theory
The scientific theory of the management focuses on every individual and helpful in
performing several technical tasks on every floor of the company. The main aim of
implementation of this scientific theory is to boost the production of the company
through advanced technology and workforce. The major roles of a leader and functions
of a manager according to this theory are;
 Manager records the list of performing tasks by the employees to record
transactions and duration of working. On the other hand, leader helps the
employees at the time of performing tasks, and find out the solutions to
employees grievances.
 The manager makes several business decisions to achieve goals and relates
them to technology advancement for the development of Jaguar's business plan.
Along with, leader helps the employees to achieve those objectives and goals
according to their duration; short term and long term (Tipschief, 2016).
Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Effect
Elton Mayo is one of the famous management theories, also known as Hawthrone effect
that explains the organization effect on employees; includes that simply remuneration is
not so enough to encourage the employees they need more facilities along with it i.e
refreshments and short time breaks between the work. Under this theory, the
employees mainly affected by their surroundings and belongings.
 Manager exercises different functions related to company's organization
structure. Besides, a leader focuses on employees, along with solving their
problems.
 The manager controls the system and employees of the company. Besides,
leader guides and remove uncertainty between the lower and upper level of
management.
 Manager performs mainly all the functions of the company; planning, organizing,
controlling and more for the better coordination between the employees and
managers. Besides, leader performs only one function of management that is
directing.

Conclusion
The overall task concludes the different types of management and leadership
theories that further explained the role of leader and function of a manager to the
successful running of the Jaguar. The task mainly focuses on the scientific
management theory and Elton mayo's theory that can improve the overall
performances of manager and leader.

LO2 Apply the role of a leader and the function of a manager in given contexts.
Introduction
This question has described the role of leaders and the function of the manager which
are applied in different situations of an organization. The different theories implemented
by the management and leaders to overcome the high cost of production.
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager
apply in different situational contexts.
The role of a leader and the functions of a manager make the work of an organization in
the direction of fulfillment of the objectives of the organization. There are different trends
and styles of a leader and different functions of a manager by which the functions of
management work properly. There are many theories of the management which is
implemented with the leadership which helps the company to grow its operations. The
department of operational management of the Jaguar combines the efforts of the leader
with the management theory to cut down the cost of manufacturing.
Automobiles companies such as jaguar are facing the problems with the change in the
phase of material and the equipment and changes of the price of fuel, in such situation
the leader’s planning and the functions of management implement these strategies
which can increase the sale and revenue and can even handle the cost of manufacture
of the company.
The management of these companies can plan such strategies to overcome the current
situation of the increased cost of production and purchasing. The leaders use a
technique to motivate the employees by which they change the gap and restrictions
between the employees and create the environment of trust with their communications
skills and adopt the advancement of the technology to lower down the manufacturing
cost (RAO, 2013).
Classical management theory is applied to enhance the productivity. The leaders
delegate the duties to the employees and the managers’ work with the employees to
achieve the standard of the performance, so the employees can be motivated and
hence achieve the target of the organization as well as of individuals. For improving the
production and reducing the cost the managers has developed the strategies, in which
the efforts of management and of the employees continually increase and improve the
production activity and the participation of the leader's style is applied by which the input
of both the managers and workers can increase and improve the production and can
reduce the cost.

(Figure: 1)
(Source: NHS Leadership, 2018)
Contingency theory is the theory which focuses on the change of the situation and
changes the strategies according to it. The leaders play an important role to bring out
the changes in the operations to meet down with the challenges as they influence the
employees to do so. The managers of the company have found out the reason of the
increased cost of the production and have applied some theories to change in the
activities of the operations to bring down the high prices of the materials which are
received from the suppliers and changes.
The next theory is a Behavioral theory which applied by the automobile companies, the
theory is followed by the managers to look about the capabilities and the skills of the
employees and described it with the leader. Leader analyses on the skills of the
employee and then by using the transformational style in which the leaders
communicate with the employees and discuss the policy in an effective way to the
employee.
Conclusion
In this different theories implemented by the managers and leaders are discussed to
overcome the situation of high rates of production.

Introduction
This brief tells about the different styles of the leadership by which the leaders motivate
to the employees and the employees achieve their task in an effective manner. The
motivated employee achieves the task by putting the organization in front so that the
growth of the company increases and the cost of production reduce.
P3. Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational
leadership, systems leadership, and contingency.
System leadership is applied by the automobiles companies like Jaguar, the leaders
analyze the work of the employee and monitor it according to the company's need.
Leaders communicate with the employees and about the situation of the company and
make the employees work according to the need of the company. The leaders
implement the strategies to make the changes in the operations of the company and
motivate the employees to improve the activities related to manufacturing of the cars at
low cost.
Situational leadership is the type of leadership where the skills of the employee are the
reason for the style of the leadership. The style of leadership can be the reason for the
situation which is facing by the company such as increase of the cost. When the
employees are not motivated in the right way then the company cannot be able to
compete in the competitive market and not able to reduce its cost ( RAO, 2013).
Contingency theory is the theory which focuses on the change of the situation and
changes the strategies according to it. The leaders play an important role to bring out
the changes in the operations to meet down with the challenges as they influence the
employees to do so. The managers of the company have found out the reason of the
increased cost of the production and have applied some theories to change in the
activities of the operations to bring down the high prices of the materials which are
received from the suppliers and changes.
The important role of the management is to sort out the issues by sharing the decision-
making process with the expertise and the employees are combined for the fulfillment of
the task. The object approach is the management which motivates the employees for
the achieving their task efficiently and effectively in the organization and can bring the
growth in the work. The increasing growth in the work of the employee can bring the
changes in the organization.
Conclusion
It has been told in this question about the leadership of the leaders which allow the
employees to achieve their targets in an effective manner. The style of the leadership
how he motivates the employee and let him works in effective and efficient manner.

M2 Access and evaluate the strength and weakness of different approaches to
situations within the work environment.
According to the situational leadership model, the leaders adopt different leadership
approaches according to the situations to motivate the employees. The leaders use the
styles but sometimes the style of motivating do not match which the situation and it is
not effective for the employee therefore not even for the organization. The factor which
can be taken out is to decide the style of leadership according to the situation which can
be effective and beneficial for both the employee and organization. Hence the
successful leaders are those who can adjust their leadership according to the situations.
In system leadership, the leaders motivate the employee according to the need of the
organization. But sometimes the style of motivating for the need of company cannot be
beneficial, as the employees don't think about the company and think about his own
task and aims. The leader is needed to motivate the employees in such a way that the
need of the company from their employee can be properly understood. So, the
employee works effectively for the organization. The leader is needed to change the
strategies according to the situation and should implement it according to the
achievement of the organization.
D1 Critically analyze and evaluate the different theories and approaches to
leadership using examples from your chosen organization
The theories and approaches in leadership provide the organization Jaguar plays
various impacts. These impacts can be positive and negative. Below are the positive
and negative points to explain in brief:
The theories of leadership help in motivating the employees whereas, on the other
hand, the approaches help in analyzing the needs and wants of the employees. The
leadership is being maintained by personality, knowledge, behaviours, and type of
followers. The negative effect of the leadership is that negative thoughts and politics in
the organization Jaguar lead to make influence wrongly and lead to the loss of the
organization at large scale.