Management and Operations Report: Leadership and Management

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of management and operations, focusing on the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers within an organizational context, using Amazon as a case study. It defines the distinctions between leaders and managers, outlining their respective responsibilities and functions, including planning, controlling, staffing, and organizing. The report explores leadership theories and models such as the Hersey-Blanchard model, situational leadership, system leadership and contingency. It also examines the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives and the factors influencing operational decision-making. The report details the roles of leaders, including representation, getting results, and guiding subordinates, and the functions of managers, such as planning, controlling, and staffing. Overall, the report offers insights into the interplay between leadership, management, and operational strategies, emphasizing their significance in achieving organizational goals.

Management and operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Different roles and characteristics of leader and manager:...............................................1
Definition of Leaders and Managers ...................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Roles of leader and function s of managers :....................................................................3
P3 Theories and models approach, situational leadership, system leadership and contingency:
................................................................................................................................................5
P4 key approaches' to operations management and role leaders and managers play:............7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives:.......9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P6 Factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers:..........................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations consists planing and organizing and supervising in the
context of organization's production, manufacturing and services. In other hand Management is
defined as the process which includes controlling, handling and managing all the functions
related to organization and the operations in organizationals which defined the activities which is
performed by each persons within organizationals(Khan, 2017). Management and operations are
combined with defined each and every task in organization which is performed by planing,
maintaining and controlling with suitable operations.
The report will include Amazon leader and managers process in firm and also includes
various kinds of operations which is performed by both and also defined various operations
which is according to the firm . The report will also outline roles and characteristics of leaders
and managers and roles of leader and functions of managers or theories and models like
situational, system leadership and contingency. The report will also include key approaches
management and roles leaders and managers play in organizations and importance and value of
operations management in achieving business objectives and factors within business of
operations management in achieving business objectives.
TASK 1
P1 Different roles and characteristics of leader and manager:
Definition of Leaders and Managers
Leaders are playing role in any organization. They are leading of employees. They are
motivated and communicating with the peoples. They are providing the direction for setting up
the goals, mission and vision to staff. Leaders are leading and motivates for team work, team
building and team management in the organization. They are promoting and influencing the
organization objectives. Leaders are implementing the new ideas and developing the power in
the peoples. Leadership is the ongoing process of leading and motivating to the employee for
better team working in the organization (Garg and Dhar, 2017). They are showing employees
capacities, capabilities and abilities for working. They are setting up the direction and asking up
to follows. They are creating team, innovation, motivating the subordinates. Leaders are
representative of the organization. Leaders are focusing the aligning the peoples.
1

Managers are playing important role in any organization. They are managed the whole
company. They are giving the task and projects of employees. They are doing the planning,
controlling and organizing of strategies, policies and procedures. They are coordinating and
controlling of problem solving, system, staffing and budgeting. They are planning of operation
and setting up the organizational goals. They are allocating the resources and managed the
budgets. They are creating and establishing the structures and to completion the plan. They are
developing the staffing, policies and procedures of system progress. They are measuring and
monitoring the results against the plans (Glaeser, Michels and Verrecchia, 2018). They are
managing the all the departments in the organization. They are communicating the plans and
policies. In the Amazon, there are different types of managers are working such as top level
managers, general managers, and functional managers. Mangers are focusing on the process and
procedures of the company.
(B) Comparisons between the Leaders and Managers
BASIS LEDAERS MANGERS
Meaning A leader is the person who has
encourages their subordinates for
achieving the goals.
A manager is the person who
has managed the whole
company.
Focus They are focusing on the peoples. They are focusing on the
process and procedures.
Aim The aim of leaders is to growth and
development.
The aim of managers is to
achieve the results.
Decisions Leaders are helping the decision. Mangers are making the
decisions.
Risk They are minimizes the risk in the
organization.
They are taking the risk in the
organization.
Functions The function of leaders is to developing The function of managers is to
2

and helping to achieving the goals (Kim
and Barak, 2015).
planning, controlling and
organizing of the policies and
procedures.
Responsibilities Leaders are responsible for leading and
motivates the employees.
Mangers are responsible for
directing and coordinating in
the organization.
Subordinates The subordinates of leaders are followers
.
The employees are
subordinates of the managers.
Approaches They are setting up the direction of
followers.
They are planning the details
for the requiring the results.
Roles Leaders are representative of the
organization.
Managers are playing the
important role in the company.
Changes in policies Leaders are promoting to the changes in
policies.
Mangers are reacting to the
changes in the policies.
Conflicts They are using of conflicts as an assets in
the company.
They are avoiding the conflicts
in the company.
Qualities The qualities of leaders are positives
attitude, confident and goods
communication skills.
The qualities of mangers are
discipline, committed to work
and patiences.
TASK 2
P2 Roles of leader and function s of managers :
Role of leaders
Leaders are playing various roles in the organizations. Amazon is the retail company
who has the selling of clothing, footwear, house appliances, jewellery and other. They are
providing all the items on online. So that their leaders are playing various roles in the company.
3

Representative: leaders are representative of the organization. Because they are leads
and motivates their subordinates and followers. They are focusing on the peoples. They are
encourages their subordinates for achieving the specified goals. They are representative of own
department which they are leading (Liu and et.al., 2015).
Getting Results: They are focusing on their subordinates and team for getting results of
performing, developing and growing for achieving the goals and objectives.
Changes: They are promoting the changes in the policies of the organization. They are
helping the subordinates for any changes in the company for that how to promoting of changes in
their work.
As a Guide: They are playing role as a guide of subordinates. They are giving the
guidances of development and growth for performing the tasks. They are helping of
communicating peoples, shared the objectives and thoughts.
Evaluating the Progress: They are playing roles of evaluating the progress of their
subordinates. They are giving the guidances of subordinate for their works and tasks. Leaders are
ensuring and evaluating the regularly basis progress. They are helping in to identifying the
responsibilities and duties for their subordinates (Mendenhall and et.al.,2017).
Integrates: They are helping of integrating the organizational goals with the personal
goals. They are coordinating with peoples for achieving the objectives. To achieving the goals
there is high risk but leaders are helping to minimize the risk for organization. They are using the
conflicts as an asset of company.
Function of Managers
There are many functions of managers such as planning, controlling, staffing, organizing
in the Amazon. A manager is known to play a significant role in almost all sort of organisations
where they are an integral part of Amazon as well. This is basically due to their several numbers
of functions that are being carried out to perform exceptionally at the organisational level. This
comprises total 5 major functions namely planning, organising, staffing, directing and
controlling. Below is the detailed explanation of the aforesaid functions of a manager appointed
in the cited firm-
4

Planning: It is the main function of the managers in the organization. They are planning
of policies and procedures of the company (Pakdil and Kurtulmuşoğlu, 2017). In the Amazon,
many policies, term and conditions are there, so that the manager are ensuring that planning of
all the policies and procedures of online shopping. In other hand is basically done before another
vital function of forecasting and is being done at both long term and short term basis. The long
term planning is usually done to come up with a permanent solution with a distinct nature of
short term planning that is done to resolve any presently concerning matter.
Controlling : The second function of manager is controlling of all the policies and
procedures for applying or not in the company. Managers are controlling not only policies but
also whole company ((Glaeser, Michels and Verrecchia, 2018).This being the final approach
involves evaluation of the above undertaken measures where the plan needs to be applied in a
well-defined manner. In case of any discrepancy, the managers need to take relevant measures of
control to keep the plan intact.
Staffing: It is also the main function of the managers. In the staffing function , managers
are decided to employees training, selecting and developing. Amazon is the large company who
has to providing the online shopping services, so that staffing is the main function of the
managers as well as company.It is the 3rd important function in which a manager in Amazon is
duly in charge to appoint the workers and look onto the areas of recruitment, selection, training
and development, etc. This is also to coordinate with the department of human resources and
guide them well about the supply and demand of personnel’s.
Organising- This is another function in which, the manager is responsible to arrange the
above planned strategies and communicate the same to others. It is with a foremost concern of
coordinating with the team about the same and work accordingly.
Directing- This is basically to lead the team by getting involved with the workers and
motivate them by guiding and encouraging them suitably to resolve any of their concerns with an
effective communication to interact well.
P3 Theories and models approach, situational leadership, system leadership and contingency:
Hersey-blanchard model- This model is based on 'deadliness' level. This theory
suggests that there is no single optimal leadership style and successful leaders adjust their styles
on 'Followers maturity' is determines that ability and confidence of the group they are attempting
5

to lead. In accordance to this theory this is totally based on the experience, knowledges and kills
that and individual possesses to do the job and is called job readiness(Sandoval and et.at ., 2016)
This model also comprised willingness and motivation commitment required to accomplish a
given task. This style of leadership depends on level of readiness of the followers.
The readiness are includes the four levels of readiness(R):
 R1-Low followers readiness- This levels refers to low willingness of followers. For
example in these levels the leadership is being insecure and unable like some task which
they handle in comes to insecure way.
 R2-Low to moderate followers' readiness- In these levels refers to low ability and high
willingness of followers like in these levels' leadership of Amazon includes low ability
like they are covered all over area of firm and high willingness like the leader done work
according to their style(Roth, Singhal and Tang, 2016).
 R3-Moderate to high followers' readiness- This levels includes high ability a and low
willingness like leadership of Amazon done work according to their firm style and low
willingness none defined excuses about work only done work according to firm styles.
 R4-High followers readiness- In these levels' leadership includes high ability and high
willingness. For example Amazon leadership includes work done according to the firm
ways and also make concentrate according to the work.
In accordance to these models directions are provided at lowers levels of readiness and decision
are takes leaders in Amazon directed. Apart from that directions are mainly provided by the
leadership styles and maintained the functionality of leadership.
Fiedler’s contingency leadership- This theory of leadership is based on situational
theory. This theory is also based on the continuous planing about the organizations process. In
accordance to these theories includes the three elements which is leadership styles, situational
variables and relationship between styles. This theory also comprised that there is not the best
methods to operate and lead company, to making decisions and performed actions in firm upon
the external and internal situations. This models consist three elements which are discussed
below-
6

 Leadership styles- This leadership style includes two dimensions which is human-
relations and task- oriented. This help to understand Amazon leadership styles which is
defined task oriented and human-relations(Simpson and et.al ., 2015). Task oriented
determines that leader performance and accomplishment of task goals and human-
relations includes developing relations with their subordinates. In other hand, in
accordance to this model leader developed a ' least preferred co-worker scale' in these
leaders are asked to the employees and ranging the lowest to the highest on several
parameters to identify the workers with whom they least like to work. Situational variables- In this theory leadership includes the various situations influence
the effectiveness of the leadership styles. In these styles' leadership also includes three
dimensions like leadership position power and task structure and leaders members
relations. This styles of Amazon leadership defined the leaders powers within work and
how they coordinate each employees to their work according and also define that work
according to task structure and make relations which help to make better work in
company(Choi, Chan and Yue,2017).
 Relationship between styles and situations- This model help to understand Amazon
leadership in this defined that relationship between situations and appropriateness of
leadership style. In accordance to Amazon leadership, the leadership effectiveness
depends on the situations and one situation is not necessarily be appropriate in any other
situations. This leadership is only comprised that opportunities for employees to
performed task according to leadership styles.
Applied by Amazon managers- Those above model/ theory also applied by managers
in Amazon. The managers of Amazon performed their work according to take situational
decision in their work and also make process according to the style and make relations. Amazon
managers defined task according to firm related and also performed each task according to the
situation base and as well firm functionality.
P4 key approaches' to operations management and role leaders and managers play:
Operation management approaches- Operation's management approaches defined as
an area where the firm can manage all over process of firm and also includes the task which
relates to management operations. The operation's management is helps to understand Amazon
7

management process which defined the managing the good and service within the firm. In
Amazon operations management approaches process converting input in materials into the
output firm the good and services.
The firm also determines that strategic directions maintained by the employees in firm.
Amazon is large retails firm which includes many processes that defined that the firm provide
may services which according to consumers demands. The firm has to be manager their
operations in way to maintained the demands of customers. The operations' management
approaches also includes the planing and organizing of good and services which relates to the
firm operational activities like managing row material and also identify each and very process
within the good and service supply to the customer's(Hübner, Holzapfel and Kuhn, 2015).
Apart from that Amazon is top leading retail industry which is supply variety goods and
services to customers, their main approaches to defined firm activity and also maintained the
each process with in the organizationals. The Amazon provide various kinds of service like
online order booking service, online delivery service and digital payments service.
Six sigma theory-Six sigma theory includes process which determines improvement, control,
analyse and process of business. In the Amazon the six sigma theory help to understand the
organisation process which includes to identify the activity like analysing market, make
improvement in services and have to controlling all process in firm which effects to the
business and as well as organisation. Six sigma mainly includes six process which is defined by
the letters DMAIC-
D-This determines problems which can be handle and controlled by leaders. For example
Amazon leadership have ability to solved the problem which is help to leading firm ability.
M- This includes the firm details which is known by leaders and also includes the current
process in firm. Amazon leadership have ability to maintained each process in firm like
delivering goods and services to consumers(Adebiyi, Oyatoye and Amole, 2016).
A- This process is defined the analysing data and thing which impacts on business. This defined
the Amazon can be analysis each process in business like selling, controlling, managing and
maintaining the process within a firm.
I- This process of six sigmas define to include the improvement of business activities. Amazon
has to improve business activities which defined each process in firm like they have
C- This process determines how can firm control all process in business. Amazon manager has
8

working in firm to controlling all over process in firm like selling, supplying, controlling,
planing etc.
Lean management- Lean management is approach which is make running
organizations' improvement long term. This process also make changes in organizations. In
other hand lean management is process which determines the to reduced the bad quality in the
products in similar Amazon applied lean management which reduced bad quality of products
and making fresh products for the clients(Anand and Gray, 2017). Apart from that lean
management is approaches which is make continuous improvements and also define long term
approach to work that sustainability seeks to achieve small, incremental changes in process in
orders to making improvement in quality. In accordance to five principles includes lean
management which is discussed below- Value- In these principles every company needs to understand what values the
customers places upon the products and services. Like Amazon has to provide each
products price according to their value. This principal also defines as top down target
costing that has been used in Amazon. The value stream-These principle helps to understand Amazon to entire flow of a
product life-cycles form the origin of raw material used to make products. Flow-this is the very crucial way to elimination of waste is flow. If the chain stop
moving without any reason. This trick is to crate value streams where the products never
stop in the production process. Pull- These principles identify that a pull approaches sates. That the firm do not make
anything until the customers orders it. In other hand Amazon helps to understand these
principles which is defined that Amazon do not making anything until the customers
orders. For example customers make orders and firm can be delivered to them(Akhtar,
and et.al ., 2018).
 Perfection-In this principles lean manufacturing targets to perfection. Like Amazon each
and every products have perfection which is defined the quality services to customers.
TASK 3
P5 Importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives:
9

Importance of operations management- Operation management is responsible for
controlling, planing and coordinating the resources require to goods and service for company.
Importance of operations management in firm refers to the administering of business practices
to creates the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization. In other hand operation
management main work within organizations to maintained all over operations and also
managing their functionality like marketing, selling, supplying, planing etc.
Apart from that operation management of Amazon help to understand their importance
which is defined that Amazon adopts retail business in firm which is comprised many products
and services within retail prices, importance of operation's management is in organization very
smoothly handled all operations and also merged improperly(Matthias, Gregory and Vernon,
2017).
Amazons leaders roles regards to operations management- The roles of Amazon
leadership in operations management is help to understand, the Jelf Bezos has unique style to
performed business in firm. The roles of Jelf in firm to influence other employees in firm. Like
the leadership define a role which impacts on business and also impacts on their operations
which is held in firm. In other hand leadership roles in firm includes many activities like
directing. Planing. Organizing etc. in accordance to each of task can be performed by leadership
styles and firm quality. The leadership also comprised the task which is under the organizations
activities. The Jelf ash role in firm to make best leading retails business in world. Leadership
has also roles give orders to performed each task according to the functionality process and also
define as the quality which is maintained each process in firm(Smith, Maull and CL 2014).
Amazon leadership is in firm to defined to take major decision-making in firm which
involves various operation and that effects are going the firm quality. Many ways to define
Amazon leadership roles in firm like tee only who have to established clear vision in company
and leadership also sharing their vision in firm which they also follow willingly. In accordance
to roles of Amazon leadership thy have role in company to provide information, knowledges
and methods which helps to realize vision. Amazon leadership also role to motivates their
clients to giving them praise for a job well done.
Amazon manager's roles regards to operation management-Amazons managers roles
in firm to managing, monitoring, planing, controlling, decision making and resource
management in firm. The managers roles also define effective roles in firm. In other hand
10