Leadership vs Management and Operations Report - Unit 4

This report examines the core concepts of leadership and management, differentiating between the roles of leaders and managers. It explores various management theories, including trait theory, leadership style models (e.g., Kurt Lewin's), transformational and transactional leadership, and action-centered leadership. The report also delves into the application of hard management skills and soft leadership skills. Furthermore, it analyzes how situational factors impact leadership and management functions, using Newham Council as a case study, focusing on challenges related to job satisfaction and motivation. The report applies chaos theory and management by objectives (MBO) to address these challenges, proposing strategies for improving employee engagement and organizational performance, and references key academic sources.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
Leadership vs Management.........................................................................................................1
Management theory.....................................................................................................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................4
How situations affect the role of a leader and function of a manager.........................................4
Application of Chaos theory and management by objective......................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Operation and management both the term are essential in the business success and
smooth functioning. The present study aims to analyse every element associated with leadership
and management in general and in the context of Newham Council, that is a counselling
company help to set up new businesses. It also covers various theories and approaches of
leadership and management.
LO 1
Leadership vs Management
Definition and difference of both leader and manager
Manager and leader plays a great role in the business, in the sense that a leader is the one
who encourages, inspire and influence the followers to work willingly in the accomplishment of
business objective (Northouse, 2018). On the other hand, a manager is an essential link between
the organisation and stakeholders that are consumers, employees, suppliers, society, government,
etc. who perform basic managerial functions.
Management functions
There are various function of management in the business and in the work of Newham
Council; Planning- In this step, function of management is to mapping out exactly how to achieve
a specific goal. Organising- After plan, manager organise the team and necessary resources according to
the plan. Staffing- In this function of management, manager beef up his staffing through recruiting,
choosing, training and developing workforce. Directing- To achieve the goal smoothly and successfully, manager direct, lead, motivate,
communicating and encouraging employees.
 Controlling- Manager required to continuously check the result against the objective and
take any corrective actions.
Theories of leadership traits, style and contingency
Trait theory of leadership
Under this theory, the traits most commonly associated with great leadership includes;
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 Intelligence and action-oriented judgement
 Task competence
 Trustworthiness and perseverance
 Ability to encourage and motivate people
 Adaptability and flexibility Cognitive ability
Kurt lewin Leadership style model
This theory present 3 style of leadership;
 Authoritarian
 Participative
 Delegative.
Transformational and transactional leadership
Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership
 This leadership refers to those leaders
who engage with their followers,
concentrate on higher order intrinsic
needs, outcome oriented (Dugan,
2017).
 This leadership refers to the leaders
who tend to be more focused on
disciplinary power and an array of
incentives in order to motivate staff.
 Leaders lays emphasis on the value,
beliefs, morals and needs of the
followers.
 Leaders lays emphasis on his
relationship with followers.
 Proactive and Charismatic  Reactive and Bureaucratic
Action centred leadership
This model introduced by John Adair that described by three areas that divides leadership
into; Task, Team, Individual (Lussier and Achua, 2015). The model focused on what leaders are
required to do to be more efficient including building a team and maintain it, achieving a task
and developing individuals.
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Hard management skills and soft leadership skills
Hard management skills- These set of skills refers to the special skills that can gain or
acquire through practice and learning of years (Renko and et. al., 2015). The skills include;
accounting, statistical, technological skills, etc.
Soft leadership skills- These skills are the set of various skills and traits that can be learnt
by the individual on their own such as; communication, motivation skills, time management
skills, etc.
Management theory
MBO
Management by objective theory is an action management approach under which the
balance is seen to be sought between the organisational goal and employee's goal. The essence of
peter ducker's basic principles: MBO is for identifying combined objective and for render
feedback on the outcome.
Contingency theory
The contingency theory is based on the statement that there is not only a single way to
manage or lead people in the industry (Iqbal, Anwar and Haider, 2015). Thus, leader and
manager are required to change their leadership style and select the best fitted one for the
specific situation arises in the business.
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LO 2
How situations affect the role of a leader and function of a manager
Newham Council is currently facing a situation of lack of job satisfaction and motivation
in the company due to lack of some policies such as rewarding, training, fulfilling basic needs of
the staff.
Situational leadership
This theory mentioned that leaders should not rely on single leadership style. Every
situation required various leadership style to manage the people and situation in the business.
There are 4 type of leadership style; delegating, supporting, coaching, directing. The theory
stated that, to resolve the issue of training and lack of job satisfaction and motivation
management of Newham Council should adopt different style (Lussier and Achua, 2015). For the
present situation, supportive and directive style is best. The present situation of the company
affect the role of leader as well as function of manager as they required to adopt the style as per
the situation.
System leadership
This theory of leadership involve the process of Newham Council that dominate to
various situations and actions to be followed. This approach enable leader to manage and control
the followers and communicate different policies and situations that overcome the situation. As
per this theory leader make various changes to the system of the business and create an
environment that promote appreciation and motivation and provide rewards to the employees.
Application of Chaos theory and management by objective
Chaos theory and management by objective theory are two seemingly competitive
theories. Through MBO, management set objective that need to accomplish and manager can
able to utilise and control resources such as; assembly line, services, processes of Newham
Council (Northouse, 2018). On the other hand, Chaos theory will apply in management through
identifying the elements that enhance employee motivation and job satisfaction in the business
from day to day activities. Under MBO theory, management can monitor the performance and
progress of the staff and evaluate and reward followers progress that help the company to
enhance motivation of the employees. Under chaos theory, manager brings small-small changes
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that leads the employees towards motivation and enhance their job satisfaction such as;
encouraging employees participation, appreciate them for good work, etc.
CONCLUSION
From the present study it has been summarised that leadership and management both are
the essential element in the company that drive the growth and success of the business. It also
has been identified that leader and manager of Newham Council manage the raised issue through
various leadership theories and styles.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Northouse, P. G., 2018. Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Lussier, R. N. and Achua, C. F., 2015. Leadership: Theory, application, & skill development.
Nelson Education.
Dugan, J. P., 2017. Leadership theory: Cultivating critical perspectives. John Wiley & Sons.
Renko, M. and et. al., 2015. Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership
style. Journal of Small Business Management. 53(1). pp.54-74.
Iqbal, N., Anwar, S. and Haider, N., 2015. Effect of leadership style on employee
performance. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 5(5). pp.1-6.
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