Analysis of Leadership, Management, and Operational Strategies

This report examines the crucial aspects of management operations within organizations, emphasizing the significance of effective strategies for achieving sustainable results. It delves into the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their application across various business contexts, and explores several theories and models used in business. The report then focuses on key approaches to operations management, including Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, and Just in Time, and analyzes their importance in achieving business objectives. It also examines factors influencing operational management and decision-making processes by leaders and managers, with a specific focus on Mark & Spencer. The report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership and management in the context of business operations.

Management and
operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTON.............................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Different roles and Characteristics of a leader and a manager:............................................1
P2 How role of leader and functions of manager apply in various context:...............................2
P3. Various theories and models are used in the business:.........................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P4 Key approaches to the operations management and roles of manager and leaders:..............5
P5. Importance and values of operations management in attaining business objectives of Mark
& Spencer:...................................................................................................................................6
P6 Factors which influence on the operational management and decision making by leaders
and manager :..............................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTON
Management operations is an important aspects which is used in the organization in order
the achieve the desired results of the firm. For attaining the sustainable results, company needs to
have effective operations of the management in the business by applying various management
policies in order to make sustainable results. There are certain ways or tools that can be
implemented in order to have effective operations in the firm (López and et. al., 2015). after
allocating duties and responsibilities of the manager, employees and leaders in the firm,
company can operate their operations in effective manner. Management of Operations is the tool
by which raw material is converted into finished products. Under this report, roles and
responsibilities of the operational managers and leaders are going to define under Mark and
Spencer.
TASK 1
P1. Different roles and Characteristics of a leader and a manager:
Leader: A leader is an individual who leads the employees and let them aware about the work
which are needed to be done. However, leaders stimulates employees to do work effectively.
Manager: - A manager is a leader of his unit as he performs leadership functions for his unit.
But this does not mean that leadership and manger ship are synonymous. A person who is a
leader may not be a manager. For example, a trade union leader is not a manger.
A manger is more than a leader. He has to plan, organize, direct (lead) and control the various
organizational activities.
A manager is a leader, but a leader need not be a manager. This is because of following reasons:
BASIS LEADER MANAGER
 Meaning A leader different from a
manager as, the individuals
who are leading informal
groups are not mangers
A manager is ever a leaders he
is the one who affects the
behaviour of the employees.
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always.
 Functions Leader is concerned with the
fulfilment of expectations and
aspirations of the followers.
Managerial functions focus on
attainment of organizational
goals.
 Structure A leader is the one who
operates in the structural and
non structural group. Leaders
can co-exist in any of the the
firm.
Manager operates in formal
structure of organization.
There is no concept of informal
manager.
 Authority A leader has the power to
influence its workers
effectively .
A manager implemnt formal
potency to order the
subordinates.
 Perform A leader performs only one
function i.e., directing.
A manager execute entire
functions in the firm.
 Approach Transformational Transactional
 Futurity Proactive Reactive
P2 How role of leader and functions of manager apply in various context:
Functions of Manager in the Organization: Manager is an individual which assist the firm to
make their operations in an effective manner (Mendis, Muttaqi and Perera, 2014). There are
certain functions which are used by the firm. Irrespective of situation, nature and type of
organization, all have to perform some basic functions such as :
 Planning: It is an important function of management by which they can control and
manager their business operations. It an ideas which provide make the managers to attain
future aims and objectives. It involves various stages in which planner must coordinate
with every level of departments in order to perform the task in more effective manner. It
also consists of information and knowledge about company's resources.
 Organizing: The next step in management function is organisation the plan in more
appropriate manner so that overall structure of the company can be designed. The
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structure of organisation is more effective aspects which need to organise in more
effective manner. Because,without having a proper structure an organisation can not
operate and perform their task in well organise manner.
 Staffing: for the management of any project there is requirement of a well qualified
team. It can be fulfilled through recruiting trained people from number of location.
Staffing is the process of selecting right people those are having perfect knowledge and
ability to manage there work. It will be helpful for attaining organisation goals in more
effective manner. It consists of training and development and performance evaluation or
appraisal aspects.
 Directing: In the next step of managers is to provide right direction to the selected
employees. It will help them to perform their task in more efficient manner. Without
having proper direction about “what to do” and “how to do” they cannot go a single step
forward. It is the responsibilities of a managers to make proper coordination among the
top management to that of all workers.
 Controlling: The last but not the least, controlling which is utmost important part of any
project management. Manager need to assists that plan should be control in right manner.
By this objectives can be attain without wasting maximum resources and costs. It will
help to ensure that every function of the organisation are in correct place and operating in
successful manner.
Role Of Leader In The Organization:-
 Required at all levels: It is known as that aspects of management without which no any
business operation can succeed (Moghaddam, Seifi, and Niknam, 2012). leader are more
crucial part of any business because they provide right direction and path to the
organisation in order to achieve its aims and objectives. In order to formulated any
strategies decision provided by top management they need to circulate it at every level of
departments. Also, if any issues arises at the lower level it can be convey to the higher
authority by the leader.
 Representative of the organization: Leader acts as a messenger for top management.
Because they convey message of top management to every level of an organisation.
Every information whether good or bad are discussed with leader so that it can be easily
communicated to each and every level of the departments.
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 Integrates and reconciles the personal goals with organizational goal: It is an
important part of leaders to inter link personal goal with that to organisation one. The
plan which is made for the purpose of getting competitive advantage over the company is
based on leadership style. It is basic attitude and behaviour that a person carries during
accomplishing individual as well as organisation goals.
 He solicits support: A leader can be manager that have regulation to take necessary
decision in order to gain maximum profit for the business (Mohammadi and et. al., 2013).
in order get positive outcome they need carry a well plan action which is having
personality and right mentality to use organisations resources. In this respect, a leader
has the option to provided right suggestion in for the benefit of the company. This way,
he can solicit employee willingness and efficiency to perform task in organise manner.
 As a friend, philosopher and guide: A leader must dominate the three dimensional
attribute. It can be known as friend who can share various information related with the
feeling and other aspects which are affecting the performance at the workplace. He can
act as a philosopher by exchange his ability and experience thereby guiding the
employees as and when time requires. Leader can be a guide by supervising and
directing the employees towards their goals as well as organisation objectives. In many of
the ways, leader can plan their activities in order to motivate employee to perform their
work in more effectively. The moral can be high if they are getting right direction.
P3. Various theories and models are used in the business:
There are various models are used by the firm in order to have the feasibility in their
operations. These theories helps the firm in order to make sustainability in the M&S.
 Situational Model: Hersey-Blanchard’s situational leadership model creates a diverse
perspective of situational variables. Hersey Blanchard feel that the leader needs to
compare his leadership style as per the needs of maturity of subordinates which moves in
stage and has a cycle. Henceforth, this theory is recognised as life-cycle theory of
leadership. There are two basic considerations in this model: .
 Leadership Styles: Leadership styles: These styles helps the manager to manage the
organisation in proper manner. These styles helps to improve the performance for the
whole team. These abilities of the manager contributes in achievement of the
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organisational objectives. The different leadership styles posses by the manager are
defined below:
 Autocratic: This style helps the manager to take decisions in organisation without taking
the input of the workers of organisation. In M&S, this styles helps the management to
take the fast decisions on the matters. This also contributes in fast disbursement of the
problems in the company and provide solutions regarding them. The managers of the
M&S have total authority over the workers of company.
 Participative: This leader is much valuable in organisation. As per this styler the
managers are taking the considerations of employees on the matters. This boosts the
confidence of the employees in company. Managers of M&S are used this style to
motivate the employees.
 Transactional: As per this style the mangers are providing the rewards to employees on
the basis of their performance in organisation. This motivates the employees to increase
their efficiency of work and provide more quality work. M&S has much benefited
because of the use of this style because it helps the company to increase the performance
of company.
TASK 2
P4 Key approaches to the operations management and roles of manager and leaders:
There are various key approaches that are required to achieve by the operational
manager in the firm in order to attain the sustainability. There are certain key approaches such
as six sigma, total quality management Just in time and others. These have been defined in
details here under:
 Six Sigma: This is the kind of approach which is applied in the Mark & Spencer which
are totally based on the team efforts for achieving the pre set targets. By using this
approach, manager of the firm makes an strategy in such a manner so that they could
effectively utilize their resources. Manager can apply this approach in Mark & Spencer
in order to eliminate the waste in its process via effectively utilizing their resources.
While, leader under six sigma approach, apply team work for the betterment of the firm.
 Total Quality Management: This is the main approach by which process of the firm
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introduce efficiency in Mark & Spencer operations (Neck, and Manz, 2010). This is
based on the regular improvement in the quality of the products or services of the cited
organization after analysing the market need. The manager role in TQM is to implement
various strategies such as KAIZAEN in Mark & Spencer where the management
striving hard to change the process in order to have improvement. On the other hand,
leader role under this approach is to urge employees for making workable and feasible
that could work in a team and remove the resistance to change among the workers in
order to adopt new and advance measures for improving the quality.
 Just in Time Inventory: Under this approach, material needed from the supplier placed
only at the time of requirement. This helps the firm for improving efficiency of the firm
and limit the waste of stock in the operation. Manager helps the firm’s operations and
manufacturing divisions to keep the stock under control and enhance the production
process in a better manner on a regular basis. The leaders main aim under this approach
is to assess the performance of the employees within the time gaps and watch of the
stock.
P5. Importance and values of operations management in attaining business objectives of Mark &
Spencer:
There are various tools which are crucial for management operations. OM
includes everything which a firm wants (Niknam, Meymand, and Mojarrad, 2011). This
means that each manager plays a role of operation manager, as all managers are accountable
for contributing to the activities needed to frame and deliver firm’s product and services
although, others some thinks that this is too wide, and that it means about making product in
a right amount, at the right time and at an appropriate cost for satiating the consumer needs.
Hence operations manager are accountable for handling operations related activities. Their
main responsibilities covers handling operations process and embracing design, planning and
performance improvement. Their ancillary responsibilities covers interacting with those
managers in various functional regions in the firm whose roles creates influence on the
operations. These areas covers marketing, engineering, finance, accounting.
Some of the values of operations management are:
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 Transformational leadership: This is the approach that concentrates on the change
which applied in Mark & Spencer for satiating challenges in the market. This kind of
leadership style is used in order to get the competitive advantages over the rivals
(Pinkerton, 2011). This style helps the firm to make their leaders to work with the
subordinates for completing changes and to frame a superior position from competitors.
 Role of corporate governance for convening business ethically: Corporate governance
assist the firms to know about the importance of various ethical standards in business.
The key principle of corporate governance includes the interest of various stakeholders
after considering various environmental factors for getting sustainability. The corporate
governance assist the firm get its pre-set objectives and to keep track on the level of
customer satisfaction.
 Corporate Social Responsibility: this is the activity of the business which is used by the
firm in order to perform in favour of the community for getting sustainable development.
This makes firm goodwill and enhance the brand image of the firm over the others which
does not comply CSR practices in their business (Thacker and et. al., 2010). As, this can
be said that the firm can improve their operations by adopting CSR activities effectively.
P6 Factors which influence on the operational management and decision making by leaders and
manager :
In Mark and Spencer, the operation management is survey by the external factor which
covers:
 Political System: The regional government can create an enormous effect on the
operation of the organization through its policies.
 Economic system: The economy trend are going in the period of quick and moderate
development rate. It is liable for allocation of scarce resources for the organization.
 Social system: It started with the thought, style, attitudes and the conduct that are
connected with the general public advancement. The demographic circumstance are to be
consider while comparing the social framework.
 Technological factors: The new development in the innovation is likewise going to
affect the operation of the Mark and Spencer.
 Legal factors : the lawful viewpoint are additionally derived from the adjustments in the
inside and the outside policy of the M&S.
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 Environmental factors : The expanding business has made the connection among the
movement of the economy with respect to the benefit of the business.
Firms are concentrating on the requirement of keeping the values, ethics and sustainability under
the firm for improving the relationship with the customers and to renders the satisfaction with
service of the firm by adhering ethical standards in firm’s operations. M&S works its business
condition loaded with rivalry in order to get the sustainability, to set up an unrivaled point of the
firm from the competetiors. it receives the idea of building up the manageable business (White,
2016). Management and operations in M&S assumes a vital part in the corporate social
responsibility.
The connection between the elements of management and the styles of initiative
consequence the corporate social duty in the firm. The manager get approaches and set up the
methodologies considering the elements which can impact the social obligation of the firm. The
manager role is to impart the strategies to firm in general and instruct workers to do work as per
the requirement. The Leaders ensure that the plans and the approaches have been conveyed to the
employees obviously and afterwards influence them to perform in agreement to the techniques.
The role of leader is to characterize and assign work to the employees and giving required work
with a specific end goal to achieve the objectives and targets of the corporate social duty. The
factors of the business condition of Mark & Spencer that could affect the operational
management and basic leadership of managers and leaders can be the proficiency of the workers,
on which the decisions in regards to the operational style connected depends and the
performance of the employees are the main consideration in the accomplishment of the
operational management that comprise of the TQM and six sigma approach (Operations
Management, 2017). Different components that influence the operational administration are the
assets accessible in the association.
These are the above-mentioned factors that could affect the operations management to a
large extent.
CONCLUSION
From the above project report it has been concluded that operation management is an
effective part of an organization. By this various role and responsibilities of leaders and
managers are identified to make an effective team to accomplish organization objectives. The
project summarize different role of leaders as well as manager in future sustainability of
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businesses. In order to increase business growth various techniques, approaches are used to
increase the profitability of businesses. Understanding of factors that are related with operational
management and they are beneficial to them as compare to other company's. Some leadership
styles are also discussed under this project. How operation management is importance for Mark
and Spencer in order to manage and control their daily operations are explain under this project.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
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