Management and Operations: Leadership and Management Report Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive comparison between leadership and management, outlining the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers. It delves into how these roles function in various situations, supported by leadership theories and models such as path-goal theory, Fiedler's contingency theory, and Hersey-Blanchard's situational model, using Amazon as a case study. The report examines key approaches to operational management and highlights the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives. Furthermore, it considers the impact of business environment factors on operational management and decision-making by leaders and managers. The report concludes with a discussion of the similarities and differences between leaders and managers, emphasizing their collaborative roles in achieving organizational goals.

MANAGEMENT
AND OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Task 1 ..............................................................................................................................................3
P.1 Define and Compare the different roles & characteristics of the leader as well as the
manger....................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P.2 The role of a leader and the functions of the manager apply in different situation.........5
P.3 The theories and model of approach in leadership...........................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P.4 Key approaches to operational management and the role leader or manager plays........8
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................8
P.5 The importance and values of operations management in achieving the business
operations...............................................................................................................................8
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P.6 The factors within the business environment that impact upon the operational
management and decision making by leader and manager....................................................8
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFRENCES ..................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is a process which involves the planning, supervising,
organizing and make the essential improvement which help in increasing the profit. The manger
take decision related to the day to day work. The strategic goals need to be prepared by which
operations are supported or manage by the manager as well corrective actions will be taken to
analysis and fulfil the goals. The Amazon is a multinational company focusing on e-commerce,
artificial intelligence and the cloud computing. Jeff Bozos founded Amazon and started the
business with the online book store. This report is all about the comparison between the
leadership and management. The functions of the leader in different situations as well as applied
the approaches of leadership style in the context of different situation. Report also includes the
values and importance of leadership styles which effects the key operations of organisation and
the environmental factors which effects the operations of an organisation.
Task 1
P.1 Define and Compare the different roles & characteristics of the leader as well as the manger
Leaders
A leader who influence the group of people in fulling as well as achieving the objectives
and the desired goals (Leadership definition 2019). Its very essential for the organisation to have
the excellent leader which help the organisation to lead the business(Choi, Chan and Yue, X
2017). The leader is the key human resource in the organisation by which working is become
easy for the company. The better leader makes their employee more efficient and if they come
together they make the organisational activities as well as the products better.
Characteristics of leader are:-
 Positive attitude:- The leaders should always carry positive attitude by which employee
get motivated. If the leader face difficulties with the positive attitude then it become easy
for them set to the examples in-front of subordinates (Choi, , Cheng and Zhao, 2016).
 A decisive mind:- A leader needs to take various decisions for which they require a
peace and the decisive mind by which work become easy for them as well. Being a leader
they should to keep the mind in peace.

 A Communicative ability:- Leader should be able to clearly communicate the vision
which they have set to its employee by which it become simple for them to achieve the
certain set objectives or the desired goals of the company (Giuliani and et. al., 2015)).

Manager
The manager have to be the excellent while making decisions related to the daily basis.
The manager is managing as well tapping into the resources in order to support or bring out the
best from others (Grant, Trautrims and Wong, 2017). An outstanding managers makes sure to
outcomes the evokes possibility from others.
Characteristics of a manager are:-
 Creative:- The manager have to be the creative in numerous ways like while
implementing the goals which is set by the leader (Hitt and Duane Ireland, R., 2017). As
its their responsibility to be creative as well as the innovative in implementation of the
goals. Structure:- The stellar manager have to know the parameters which are set as well as the
limitations and the guild lines which are pre determined by the leader of the company. Intuition:- In this the manager of the organisation need to be intuitive as they can sense
about their employee feel as well as they get the intuition related to the growth of the
business.
Role and functions of a leader and the manager are :-
Basis Role of leader Role of manager
Goal setting Its leader role to set the goals as well
the objectives of the company. As
they want to work upon this. The
leader is responsible to create the
vision for its employee which they
want to achieve for the organisation
as this can help in raising the profit of
the organisation.
The manager role in goal
setting is to make the map of
the vision. As they are
responsible for making the
path for employees in which
they have work.
Recruiting and The leader is responsible to recruit or The manager role is to train

training hire the employees for the achieving
the objectives on time.
their employee and make them
aware about the new working
culture of the organisation.
Performance review The leader will set the performance
standards on that basis rewards as
well as the appraisal are distributed.
The manager will decide
which person get the monetary
reward as well as the non
monetary reward.
Difference between the leader and the manager are:-
Basis Leader Manager
Aim The leader aim is the growth and
the development of employee as
well as the organisation (Kato and
et. al., Hitachi Ltd, 2015).
The manager aim is to attain the
required results which are need
to be fulfilled.
Change The leader promotes the changes in
the organisation as well as in the
behaviour of employee
They only react on the changes
make the ways to the changes.
Strives They strives for the effective
performance of the employee. The
work should be done in a proper
manner.
They strives for the efficiency
as manager actually quantity of
the work rather rather than
quality of work.
Similarities between the leader and the manager:-
Basis Leader and manager
Goal setting They both work according to the gaols setting which are set to
achieve the profitability as well as the productivity in the
organisation.
Motivation Leader motivates its organisation as well as manager motivated

team and its employee individually
Work towards the common
objective
They both work for the accomplishment of common objectives
which will improve the performance of the individual and
organisation.
Leadership is the art of motivating and influencing people to act towards attainment of
common objectives. It is a quality of influencing people, so that the objectives are attained
willingly and enthusiastically. It is not exactly same as management, as leadership is one of the
major element of management.
Whereas management is a discipline of managing things in the best possible manner. It is
the art or skill of getting the work done through and with others. It can be found in all the fields,
like education, hospitality, sports, offices etc.
There are various role and function of a leader and manager which differentiate them
from each other. This has been explained by the range of theories. For instance, Transactional
leadership styles are more concerned with maintaining the average flow of operations. Leaders
use disciplinary power and an arrangement of incentives to motivate employees so that they will
work with full zeal and confidence. While managers, will develop an appropriate plan and keep
control on the actions performed by the leaders in transactional leadership styles.
TASK 2
P.2 The role of a leader and the functions of the manager apply in different situation.
Leader:- Its a process in which leader sets the actions for the employee by which goals
of the organisation will be achieved. Its play a essential role in the productivity of the Amazon as
well as the employee performance of the organisation (Littlefield, Nallathambi and Chanchlani,
CommVault Systems Inc, 2016). The role of the leader are:-
 Setting the vision:- Its leader role to set the vision of the company for which the
employees are required to do the work for. This will help them in understanding or
influencing to accept the future requirement as well as the state of the company. The
leader of the Amazon require make them available the vision by which productivity
increase.

 Motivating employee:- As the vision is set on which basis the employee are get
motivated. The employees is get motivated by the performance appraisal which the
organisation is require to offer their employee.
 Execute the strategy:- The leader is require to execute as well as make the strategies
which are required to follow the vision of the company.
Manager:- The manager is responsible for the planning, organising , staffing leading as
well as controlling the functions of the company (Mitsuo and et. All., 2014). The function of a
manager are:-
 Formulating Plan:- The plan is required to be formed in the organisation according the
vision which is crested by the leader. The Amazon manager is responsible for creating
the plan as well as make the map for the employee on which basis they are required to do
the work.
 Organizing:- The manager need to organize the activities which are take place in the
organisation. Directing:- The manager of the Amazon required to direct its employee to work in
accordance to the situation and by which vision is also achieved (Muller, CommVault
Systems Inc, 2014).
The role of the leader and manager in the different situation:-
 Rapid change:- In this changes are occur suddenly in the market. As the demand of the
Amazon products increase for this leader is required to change the policies by which they
can meet the demand of the customers. The interest rate increase then also leader is
required to take the decision suddenly with concern of the team members as well as the
subordinates of the organisation. Slow change:- When Amazon wants to attract the more customer base as this is the slow
change in the organisation then leader will make the plan and manager easy implement
the plan as well as employees follow the changes which the leader and manager want
them to implement.
To improve the changes the applied theories are:-
 Path goal theory:- It's a theory which is actually based upon particular specifying style
and behaviour the best fits the employee and work environment in accordance to
accomplish desired goals. When Amazon wants to bring rapid change in business as they

have specified goals to accomplish then leader applied this theory. The manager will map
the directions for it's employee which help in accomplishing objectives of Amazon.
 Fiedler's contingency theory:- They focus on effective leadership style is applied to
particular situation, as Amazon manager will apply this theory in slow change when they
want to implement changes according to them as situation has a relationship with
leadership styles. As according to this theory leaders should analyse relationship first
with the situation in organisation.
 Hersey- blanchard's situational model : the situational leadership model is a timeless,
repeatable framework for leaders to match their behaviours with the performance needs
of the individual or group that they are attempting to influence. Situational leadership is
based on the relationship between leaders and followers and serves as a framework to
analyse each situation based on the performance readiness level that a follower exhibits
in performing a specific task, function or objective. Then, based on the leader’s
diagnosis, the necessary amounts of relationship behaviour and task behaviour are
applied and communicated to the follower in order to support their needs and advance
development. According to this model, there are four leadership styles namely,
delegating, participative, selling and telling style.
P.3 The theories and model of approach in leadership
The leadership theories seeks and pertains the certain qualities that leader is required to
become a leader. The operations of the business get effected if the appropriate laedership theory
is not applied in the organisation (Pedrycz and Chen, 2015Pohl, B., 2014). The leadership are
theories which organisation like Amazon leader is required to handle different situations in the
company. The leadership theories are:-
 Trait theory:- This theory stated that some qualities as well as the trait of a particular
person makes them better suited as a leader. The leader behaviour and the personality is
identifies by this theory in the organisation. The extroversion, courages and the self
confidence makes the potential in a person to be a leader. There are millions of the people
who posses the personality trait associated with the leadership. The trait is something
which can't be build over the time period it is something that leader have in them. This
theory analyse the behaviour of the person. The trait of Amazon leader have to be unique
as this is something which enables by the birth (McCrie, 2015).
 Contingency theories:- In this theory the basic focus is upon the particular variable
related to the environment that influence which particular style of leadership is required
to be followed in a particular situation. When the situation is change the leader is require

to change the style as well. As the decisions are also get effected if the appropriate style
is not applied to the situation occur. The leader is not all about the qualities they have to
be the balance of needs, behaviours and context. The Amazon leader will change their
behaviour in accordance to the situation as well as according to the employee.
 Situational theories:- The leadership style is applied by the leader require to be unique
in every different situation which occur in the organisation. As the leader is most
experienced as well as the knowledgeable then the autocrat e leadership style is applied in
a situation where appropriate knowledge is required to be applied. Where the group
members are skilled as well as the experts the democratic leadership style required to be
applied. As the situation changes in the amazon leader is also required to change its
leadership style (Pudar and et. al., GM Global Technology Operations LLC and General
Motors LLC, 2014). The leader of the amazon have changes its leadership by which
operations of the company is manage in accordance to the situation.
 Behavioural theories:- These are the qualities which leader can adopt these are not made
by the leader. The actions of leader are more focused rather than the leader mental
qualities as well as the internal state of the leader. People can easy learn to be a leader by
observing or through the teaching. The behaviour is something which person can change
for the betterment of the organisation. The behaviour of the leader of Amazon ned to be
attractive as they can influence the employees of the organisation.
 Task oriented theory:- It's places a heavy emphasis on structure, plans and schedules for
getting things done in business in a right way. The task oriented leader of Amazon plan
the every thing whether it's related to rewards and punishment system in organisation.
They also defines the structure of achieving desired goals of an organisation. They also
have to priorities the specific outcomes and set the process which is based upon goals
oriented.
 Management by objectives:- In this leaders main aim to improve the overall
performance of organisation. It's also known as performance management approach,
Amazon used this approach when they want bring balance between objectives of
employees and objectives of organisation. They determines the objectives to find out
particular feedback on the results. Objectives are related to employees, qualitative level,
quantitative level, challenges and motivation etc. in business. They always focus on

result, the leaders is highly committed and manager are given to focus on new ideas and
innovation which contributes in development and objectives of Amazon.
Therefore, amazon will adopt the above mentioned theories in the operations so that
organisational goals and objectives will be met effectively and efficiently. Also adopting these
styles will be useful in motivating the workforce so that they will work with full potential and
zeal .
Theory Advantages Disadvantages
Trait theory It builds on the premise that
leaders are distinctive. Unlike
all other leadership theories,
Trait Theory boasts a century
of research to confirm the
approach.
It’s leader-centric, and only
focuses on the leader not the
follower or the situation. Some
findings are ambiguous and
subjective leading to
uncertainty in the validity of
the approach.
Contingency theory It provides flexibility in the
organisation so that leaders
and company can adopt to the
changes. And it gives priority
and attention to the employees
opinions.
It suffers inadequacy of
literature and being complex, it
provides difficulty for
empirical testing.
Situational theories This recognises the need for
flexibility and creates
comfortable environment for
workers.
It focuses more on immediate
needs than long term needs
and can be ineffective in task
oriented environments.
Behavioural theories

TASK 3
P.4 Key approaches to operational management and the role leader or manager plays.
Covered in PPT
P.5 The importance and values of operations management in achieving the business operations.
Covered in PPT
TASK 4
P.6 The factors within the business environment that impact upon the operational management
and decision making by leader and manager.
Covered in PPT
CONCLUSION
From the above report its would be concluded that leader and the manager play the
different role as well as the responsibilities in the organisation. The decisions which leader or
manager makes also different in the situations like slow changes and the rapid changes in the
organisation. The leadership theories are different applied in the different situation which are
occurred in the organisation. The approach of leadership will help in achieving the goals and the
operations management will also help the organisation in achieving the business objectives
effectively. The PESTLES also effect the business operations as well the decision making which
leader need to control on time