Leadership and Management Operations Report - University

This report delves into the core concepts of leadership and management, exploring the distinctions between leadership and management functions based on J. Kotter's framework. It examines management by objectives (MBO) and the various roles within management, as defined by Henry Mintzberg. The report further investigates leadership traits, styles, and the importance of both hard and soft skills. It also discusses transformation processes in operation management, emphasizing the price of quality, the role of managers in Total Quality Management (TQM), and the application of Just-in-Time (JIT) and wastage reduction strategies. Capacity management techniques and the concluding roles of leaders and managers are also analyzed. The second part of the report focuses on a case study of KPMG management consultancy, analyzing the role of its operational department, the background of its management team, and their approaches to leadership. It also evaluates transformation practices, the impact of capacity management, and provides operational recommendations. The report provides a comprehensive overview of key management and operational strategies.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LO1 & LO3......................................................................................................................................3
1: Leadership and Management...................................................................................................3
2: Comparison between Leadership and management functions according to J. Kotter............3
3: Management by objectives......................................................................................................4
4: Different roles of management................................................................................................4
5: Theory on Leadership Traits and styles of leadership.............................................................5
6: Hard management skills and soft leadership skills..................................................................5
7: Transformation processes at operation management...............................................................6
8: Price of quality by managers for achieving business objectives.............................................6
9: Role of manager in TQM.........................................................................................................6
10: JIT and Wastage reduction approach of organization...........................................................7
11:Adjustment done for capacity management............................................................................7
12: Concluding roles of leader and managers..............................................................................8
Lo2 and Lo4.....................................................................................................................................8
1. Description about the organization..........................................................................................8
2. Role of operational department................................................................................................8
3. Background of the management team in operational department...........................................9
4. Strengths and Weaknesses of leader approaches.....................................................................9
5. Roles and duties of management...........................................................................................10
6. Management approach used by leader...................................................................................11
7. Theories of leadership styles..................................................................................................11
8. Types of transformation practices and process......................................................................11
9. Impact of capacity management on organization..................................................................12
10. Operational Recommendation.............................................................................................12
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................13

LO1 & LO3
1: Leadership and Management
Managers are responsible for managing operations within the organization such that
employees are able to achieve organizational goals. Employees have to follow instructions
provided by managers because of the position which they are having. Leaders are someone who
influence employees to work for a better future, leader influence their followers to acquiring new
skills (Salmela, Koskinen and Eriksson, 2017). People follow leaders on the basis of their
personality and behaviour with others, not on the basis of their position on which they are
working at.
Management is the systematic utilization of organizational resources, so company can
effectively achieve their goals. Leadership contain series of actions through which leader can
motivate employees to work hard to achieve organizational goals.
2: Comparison between Leadership and management functions according to J. Kotter
Leadership Management
Focus on innovation Try to organize.
Take decisions for long term Often take short term decisions
Ready to take risk Follow safe paths
Flexible with different skills Specific with one skill
Influence others to work Force others to work
Decision makers Often take biased decision
Put challenging goals Set small targets
Tries to improve themselves Force others to improve their working
Seeks for followers Seeks for power

3: Management by objectives
MBO is calculated model which concentrates on identifying the main objective of the
organization, such that they are acceptable by company as well as employees. This is done by
sequentially arranging the objective at the work area so step by step completion of target can be
achieved without putting increased work load (Mintzberg and Laasch, 2020). According to this
theory the hierarchy of power within an organization must be integrated so employees can also
set objectives and monitor their progress with company's objectives.
This theory is having 5 layer which are as following.
Set Organizational Objectives- Future objectives should be made such that they are able to
employees and managers can understand their role of action.
Cascade Employee's Objectives- Tasks should be appointed between individuals and teams in
such a way that they are able to achieve their goals.
Monitor Performance- Continuous checking of work being done will assure the quality of work
under progress.
Evaluate Progress- As time based objectives are set employees and organization must evaluate
their performance with objectives being made.
Reward Performances by employees- To keep employees motivated towards organizational
goals rewards are given.
4: Different roles of management
According to Henry Mintzberg, management in any organization is responsible for
accomplishing many tasks like making future strategies, finding new ways to improve
employee's work efficiency and many other tasks. Management roles are categorized into
following ways.
Interpersonal roles-
In this role management is responsible for representing its department and organization in
various situations. For example, representing its department in the board meeting, they represent
organization in other outside events, like law matters or ceremonies.
Informational roles-

Management has to seek out important information, for improving employee's work
efficiency, weather within organization or outside of organization. For example, to improve work
efficiency management has to share required criteria with employees, such that employees can
understand and contribute their ideas.
Decisional roles-
Here the management is responsible for implementing the information gathered, with that
management also have to make sure that work is happening effectively. For example, monitoring
work done by employees.
5: Theory on Leadership Traits and styles of leadership
Trait theory use integrated personal characteristics of individual for finding the
effectiveness of their leadership. These characteristics include, key factors like, good
communication, long term thinking, responsibilities and educational qualities of person. Styles of
leadership are as following.
Situational leadership- In such type of leadership a leader must understand the situation which
they are up against, so leaders would be able to overcome that situation.
System leadership- In this type of leadership leaders tend to create a system, such that no
individual will be having all decision-making powers, but instead they make a structure such that
each individual will be having its role for dealing with a situation.
Contingency leadership- It states that, it is responsibility of the management that they choose
right leader on the basis of situation they are up against.
6: Hard management skills and soft leadership skills
Hard skills are skills and abilities which can be learned or can be acquired through
training, therefore these skills are measurable for the management to check the working
capabilities of individual. Soft skills are the skill sets which cannot be learned through eduction
or any training, these skills include communication skills, teamwork and problem solving. So it
is important for management that they understand the skill sets of their employees, so their
working efficiency could be increased, by concentrating training on their weak areas. For
example, if the organization wants to digitalize their infrastructure, then company has to give
training to their employees, so they can effectively use new facilitates.

7: Transformation processes at operation management
Transformation processes at organization include several small changes done in order to
improve the organizational working. These changes are done by the organization to improve
their working efficiency and provide quality product to their clients (Mintzberg, 2018). For
example, a company wants to reduce their expenditures, so they will invest some capital for
making suitable changes. Following are Transformation processes at organization.
Transformation at manufacturing- These changes include upgrading machineries, choosing
suitable raw materials and even changing work environment for employees to work
efficiently.
Transforming company's location- Organization can change their work location based on their
requirements, these can be shifted near to consumer's location so the transportation cost
could be reduced.
Transformation of transportation- Organization can also transform their transportation system
so shifting of product could be made even more efficient and low at price.
8: Price of quality by managers for achieving business objectives
Quality means perception of expectation which a product has to pass to meet customer
satisfaction. Cost of Quality (COQ) is the term used by organizations in order to find out the
extends, till which raw materials are being used for overcoming the poor quality threshold.
Different types of quality are as following.
Preventive Cost- It is the cost paid by organization to avoid bad quality in their products.
Appraisal Cost- This cost is paid by organization to maintain the same quality in their products.
Internal Failure Cost- This is paid by the organization if the product fails to pass the quality
measures of the company.
External Failure Cost- This cost arises when the product fails to pass quality at customer side.
9: Role of manager in TQM
Total Quality Management is the term used to calculate the overall efforts played by the
managers in order to improve the quality of the product. TQM is used by managers to provide

good quality of products to customers effectively. Following are the principles of TQM. With
TQM managers make sure that final product is able to surpass customers expectations. Managers
have to make sure that the process for making product is followed properly in order to make
quality product. Managers make sure that the product passes all the quality tests established by
the organization, so they can make sure that customers are getting best in quality products.
Fact based decision-making has to be done by the management, so they can check their progress
with time.
10: JIT and Wastage reduction approach of organization
Just in time (JIT) is the strategy used by many organizations in order to reduce their
wastages at the time of production, this strategy works on forecasting the needs of raw materials
and then chooses sufficient amount of investment for production. In this strategy investments are
needed only at the time of production, through this strategy organization can make sure that they
are getting sufficient amount of investment when needed for producing sufficient goods. This
strategy reduces the wastage at production as only limited amount of goods which are being
taken, through this company can make sure that they are reducing their wastages and properly
using investments. As raw materials are being taken in integration format, organizations have to
be more accurate toward the usage of raw materials this effective use of raw material reduces the
wastage.
11:Adjustment done for capacity management
Capacity management are the ways through which managers can utilize the company's
resources such that they will be able to adjust the working capability of the organization as per
their requirement. Following are the ways through which capacity management is done by
managers.
Overtime/double shifts can be worked- Manager can implement shifts for employees so their
working can be improved with that employees can be motivated to do over time. This
will help in adjusting the capacity of organization.

Hiring new talents to improve the working efficiency- Recruitment for new employee can also
be made to adjust the working capability of the organization.
Adding new Facilities and machines- Manager can make new facilities for the organization, so
organization will be able to optimize their working capabilities.
12: Concluding roles of leader and managers
Leader and manager both are having their certain roles in organization. Managers are
responsible for managing operations and with they also have to represent organizational goals
externally. Whereas leader is responsible for leading people towards better good and leader is not
limited to organizational goals. Leadership changes with changes in leaders personality and
leading styles but managers have to maintain their symmetric behaviour throughout their
working period. It is important for organization that they are having both leaders and managers.
So manager can motive employee to achieve their organizational tasks and leaders can motivate
employees to work hard, even outside the organization, so their working capabilities can be
improving.
Lo2 and Lo4
1. Description about the organization
KPMG management consultancy services company is very helpful for its different clients
and customers, because it provides services which removes different challenges of its customers
which they face in their daily operations. This company provides a specific plat also to its
different customers for gaining sustainable profit and productivity in market place. It also
provides a very effective framework its clients to achieve an excellent competitive advantage in
this highly competitive market place. This is an independent advisor firm which currently has
great experience and knowledge of market conditions, and this is the main reason that, its most
clients are very satisfied with this consultancy company.
2. Role of operational department
Operations transformation services always supports clients for gaining huge competitive
advantage, enhanced capabilities and higher productivity in market place. With the support of

operational management, the businesses can simply overcome with various challenges and
difficulties. Operational management basically provides various innovative strategies and
approached to different companies for reducing their wastage ratio and improving their
productivity in in the production department. These approaches help in understanding and
controlling the retain a sense of urgency and integration practice as well (Kunjan, Doebbeling
and Toscos, 2019). Currently JIT (just in time) and TQM (total quality management) etc. are
some major approaches which support to companies for making its production operations very
effective.
3. Background of the management team in operational department
Management team is very important part of KPMG consulting firm which works for
executing operational performance and process transformation. This management team prepares
a specific plan also for conducting all operations in very proper manner within the future
(Kunjan, Doebbeling and Toscos, 2019). Conduct operations of project management, like;
formulation of work plans, making schedules and develop appropriate budgets, etc. On the other
side, the management team coordinate with different directors as well as partners for creating
present KPMG company’s advisory providing to the selected market.
4. Strengths and Weaknesses of leader approaches
Strength
1. In situational style leader uses these tries to understand the situation which they are up
against and then try to overcome that issue.
2. Situational approach is more flexible, as it changes with changes in time.
Weaknesses
1. Situational approach is slow as understanding of situation takes time.
2. It focuses on immediate decision which are not often fruitful for long term.
Impact of environmental factors on decisions of leaders
Political factors
Political factors affect to company for fulfilling taxation formalities on time. The
management of venture follow all guidelines of government also while working in the market,
because this is necessary to run own operations smoothly (Warrick, 2017). These factors
influence how leaders complete their goals. These factors affect to decision-making of leaders as

well, because a leader is always required to make its workplace very productive. Due to
productive workplace, company can gain huge fund, and then it will enable to fulfil its taxation
formalities in simple way.
Economic factors
Economic factors also affect company to company, because it this company currently
able to generate huge profit margins in only that country which has well-developed economic
conditions. These factors affect to business leaders for taking decisions towards expanding their
business operations in that country where most people have higher living standard.
Sociological factors
There are leaders has to take decisions for deeply knowing the cultural background of its
clients, because a client or person always demands for those services which are very favourable
according to their cultural and social background.
Technological factors
Leaders are also required to take decision towards adjusting their styles of management
for supporting the business I order to adopt technology. The (R&D) Research and development
can contribute to leaders for making new innovative strategies and techniques that will make
operations simpler.
Environmental factors
Environmental factor influences leaders to avoid conduct such activities and operations in
its workplace which can be impacted to the natural environment in negative manner.
Legal factors
A leader within an organisation or at any workplace has highly required to take decision
foe adhering different laws, regulations and standards within its workplace to be legally formed
its business.
5. Roles and duties of management
Managing growth
This is one of major roles of the management where it needs to manage its growth in
market place (Ayegba, 2018). After managing growth in proper manner, a business can simply
achieve a sustainable growth in market place.
Improving and maintaining efficiency

Improve and manage the organisation efficiency is another major role or duty of the
management, because after improving and managing own efficiency in market place, any
business can simply achieve very positive outcomes.
6. Management approach used by leader
Conflicts in organization arises mostly when departments are having some issues with
each other. Leader tried to resolve this problem to accomplish that leader tried to understand the
main reason behind the conflict, for this they listened to both the sides involved in conflict and
then provided decision without biasing. This approach by leader has given a satisfaction feeling
to both the sides, that their problems were being listened and organization is also working hard
on improving their experience without biasing their decision on one side.
7. Theories of leadership styles
Situational theory
Situational theory of leadership is very effective theory to different leader of
organisations (Nawaz and Khan, 2016). This theory generally enables leaders for systematically
dealing with various situations in workplace. No matters existing organisational situation is
positive or negative.
System theory
System theory of leadership is also very appropriate to a leader for being an effective
leader within workplace. System theory basically helps to different leaders for conducting each
and every practice in very systematically manner. At the end, leader will enable to increase its
productivity.
8. Types of transformation practices and process
Transformation practices or processes are basically situation where the management or
the leader of a company implement change to transform its existing productivity into
Manufacture transformation
Manufacturing transformation is very essential to a business for making its production
processes very effective and productive. Currently there are various approaches of operations
management simply available in market which can enable to business for transforming its
manufacturing processes positively.

Transport transformation
Organizations have to spend a lot of effort in transporting their products from one place
to another, so it becomes very important for that they use an effective transportation medium. To
enhance company's reach with customer organization has to upgrade their transportation system.
9. Impact of capacity management on organization
1. Overtime or extension or reduction of shift timings will have a large impact on the
working capabilities of the organization, as due to changed operational hours’
organization will be able to upgrade its production requirements (Gyulai and Monostori,
2017).
2. Recruitment of new employees, by this the company will be able to increase their
production capabilities, through which they can they can manage their working weather
inside or outside organization.
10. Operational Recommendation
The management of business has highly required to take such decisions in its workplace
which can affect its processes of operations management in negative manner. On the other side,
it should always ensure that, activities and operations which has conducted by itself are
providing appropriate outcomes or not. This is necessary to gain huge profit margins in market
place.

REFRENCES
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