Comparison of Management and Leadership in Business: Morrison's

This report offers a detailed analysis of leadership and management principles, focusing on the operational strategies of Morrison's, a major UK supermarket chain. It begins by comparing the characteristics and roles of managers and leaders, highlighting their responsibilities and leadership styles. The report then evaluates the application of these roles in various business situations, such as achieving objectives, technological upgrades, financial losses, and legal changes. Furthermore, it explores the application of leadership theories, including contingency and situational leadership, and examines different operational management approaches like Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, and Just-in-Time. The report also emphasizes the significance of operations in achieving business objectives and analyzes factors that influence the decision-making processes of managers and leaders within the context of Morrison's. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership, management, and operational management, supported by a case study approach.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
P1. Comparison of characteristics and roles of manager and leader...........................................3
P2. Evaluation about the role of manager and leader applied in various situations contexts.....6
P3. Application of Theories and Models....................................................................................7
P4. Analyse approaches for operational management and purpose of leader and manager in
that context.................................................................................................................................11
P5. Explanation for the significance of operations in management which helps in attaining
business objectives.....................................................................................................................13
P6 analyse factors which impact upon business operational management and decision making
of leaders and manager..............................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17
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INTRODUCTION
Operation management refers as planning controlling, scheduling of the organizational tasks
in order to transformed raw materials into finished goods. It insures reliability, consistency and
helps in giving quality services. It includes all the activities of administration in the company. It
helps to increase level of effectiveness in an organization. This is the business task which is
accountable for management and designing of products. Operations management supports to do
work with strategies and tactics in the company.
The study is based on Morrison’s. The firm is 4 largest supermarket chain of UK. The
headquarters of firm are situated in Bradford in West Yorkshire. Firm is found by William
Morrison in the year 1899. The company deals in food, clothing, CDS, DVDs, books and
magazines.
The report will explain the differentiation between function of a manager and role of leader.
It will determined role of manager and leader in various situations in an organization.
Furthermore, it will define contingency, system and situational leadership theories. Then it will
cover various management approaches such as six sigma, total quality management and Just in
time. Moreover it will give details about the importance of operational management. Lastly, it
will evaluate the factors that influence decisions of managers and leaders.
MAIN BODY
P1. Comparison of characteristics and roles of manager and leader.
Leader - It can be termed as a person who aspire, inspire, and command number of people to
perform a particular task or project in an organization. It is a art for boosting morale of team
mates for achieving a goal that is common for all of them (Bromiley and Rau, 2016). Leader
directs its team members by making appropriate strategy that helps to achieve desired results at
last.
Manager -This person who is responsible for doing administrative work, controlling its
employees and helps in managing resources. Manager work is to delegate responsibilities to its
subordinate so that work can be equally distributed among all of them. By dividing work equally
among the employees the target of the companies can be achieved on timely basis.
Comparison between leader and manager
Basis Leader Manager
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Role Leader’s shares a clear vision
to its subordinates on which
they are working. They help to
motivate the team members.
To improve the performance
of team members, they
unleash the abilities of
employees.
Manger creates goals for the
employees which they need to
be achieved for the
organization success.
Managers are obliged to
perform functions in
organization such as staffing,
organizing, controlling,
planning, and directing for a
motive to achieve desired
results.
Responsibilities To communicate effectively
with the employees in order to
make things understandable to
the subordinates. They provide
coaching to the subordinates
to work in better manner.
Inspire the trust among the
followers.
To improve the organizational
efficiency. Assigning tasks to
the employees. They provide
directions to its employees to
get things done in a particular
manner (Wu, 2016).
Subordinates Leader has followers that get
inspired by the work of
mentor. Leader encourages its
team mates to perform a work
in a certain way.
Manager has employees or
subordinates which follow the
orders of their boss. To get
things done in proper manner
manager gives directions.
Leadership style Leader generally use
motivational style to boost the
morale of its team members
Manager generally uses
authoritarian style to give
orders to its employees.
Working style Leader show unique traits
while working in an
organization and believes in
change management.
Manager copied others and
use traditional methods in an
organization.
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Risk Leader tendency is to take risk
while working. They build
relationships with the
subordinates (Schnepp, Vidal
and Hawley, 2017).
Manager tendency is to
control risk which is already
occurred in firm. They build
systems in an organization and
set processes on the basis of
which work has been done in
company.
Connectivity Leader connects with its team
members on personal level.
Leader make their followers
aligns.
Manager connects with its
employees on professional
level. Manager organized its
employees.
Functions of Management
According to Henri Fayol here are the descriptions of those functions -
 Planning - Manager of Morrison do planning for overcoming the conditions in the future.
They plan one step ahead. They develop and formulate strategies through which the
future goals get achieved. Thus, for this manager evaluate future contingencies and then
make plan accordingly. They help to shape strategic and operational landscape.
 Organizing - It is a responsibility of manager in Morrison to organize an efficient
workforce that also aligns with the activities of the company. Manager also recruits best
well educated workforce fir the company and train them to make them achieve
organizational goals. (Abou-Senna, Radwan and Abdelwahab, 2018)
 Commanding - Manager supervises the work of employees on daily basis and guides
them if any improvement needed in their work. They command by keeping in mind of
Morrison’s policies. Manager tries to treat its subordinates as per the standards of the
firm. They also organize the resources through which action plan can easily be
implemented in the company.
 Coordinating - Manager thinks that if all the employees maintain harmony at the
workplace productivity in Morrison’s gets increased. They tell the employees to work
coordinative; through this they are able to finish the tasks on time (Adebiyi, Oyatoye and
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Amole, 2016). By working together the total productivity gets increased. It also motivates
the employees to work harder and delicately in organization.
 Controlling - Manager controls the resources and employees in Morrison’s so that they
can implement the plan efficiently. They give clear orders and directions to the
employees of Morrison’s. Manager keeps it clear and specific to the employees about
what they are doing. They examine whether the employees are working as per the plan or
not if any error happens they guide them (Radnor and Bateman, 2016).
P2. Evaluation about the role of manager and leader applied in various situations contexts.
1. When objectives are not achieved or are achieved with ineffective and inefficient
manner
 Role of Manager - In the situation like this when the goals and objectives of the
organization are not achieved, a manager has responsibility of motivating and guiding
employees or subordinates rather than the motivating them. The manager of Morrison has
also to ensure that in future this problem should not arise or the manager needs to analyze
the key areas because of which the goals and objectives are not achieved.
 Role of Leader - In these situations a leader must ensure that morale of the teammates
should not broke and they should still work with coordination (Reid and Sanders, 2019).
The leader of Morrison Company is ensuring that the motivation level of its employees
should not decrease and they also still be in confidence that they will achieve it next time.
2. Technological up-gradation
 Role of Manager - When there is a situation in the organization for technological up-
gradation, and then the mangers must insure that the subordinates should be trained
enough that they should not face any problem (Brewster and Delich, 2019). The
managers of Morrison Company are also providing sufficient training to the employees
for giving them benefits of latest technologies.
 Role of Leader - A leader must insure that none of the employee should be in opposition
of new technologies by motivating them and giving them knowledge about benefits of
latest technologies. The leaders of Morrison are also insuring that no employee should be
distinct from the use of latest technologies which will be helpful in increasing
effectiveness and efficiency.
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3. When company is incurring losses
 Role of Manager - A manger must analyze and check about the key reasons of losses
and providing solutions for the same by motivating employees and increasing efficiency
and effectiveness where needed (Slack and Brandon-Jones, 2018). The managers of
Morrison Company are also insuring that there should be proper audit related to losses
and each of the department must be analyzed to find out the areas due to which, company
is incurring losses.
 Role of Leader – In this situation role of leader is not simple, they have to insure that no
teammate should lose confidence and each teammate should be motivated towards the
goals. The leaders of Morrison Company are also making sure that each teammate should
not lose his interest in the company and each teammate should work hard to give shelter
of profit to the losses.
4. Legal and political changes occur
 Role of Manager - The managers of the company should not lose hope and must identify
the problems and the solution to them. The manager must make plans which will now
favorable for the firm (Hussein and Ayash, 2017). The Morrison Company is not facing
such problems because the managers are fully aware of these situations and are taking
corrective actions accordingly.
 Role of Leader - A leader now needs to lead the team in such an effective and efficient
manner that political and legal hurdles should not be unfavorable for them. The leader of
Morrison is now doing proper analysis of the problem to insure that these problems
should not affect them and the company should run as always.
P3. Application of Theories and Models
Contingency Theory - This theory has been introduced by Fred Fiedler in the year 1960's. In
this theory Fred claim that leadership style is based on situations. By taking two leadership style
together one is task oriented and second one is people oriented, he had made a conclusion that
effectiveness of leader is measured by its teammates and group of people who are performing in
his under (The contingency perspective - principles of management, 2019). He claims that
effectiveness of leadership style is based on three situational factors as shown in this figure. First
it all based on leader and teammates relations, how they treat one another.
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For example, if leader of Morrison has good relationship with its follow mates they
respect each other and trust also gets increased between them. They all work together efficiently
and able to achieve company's objectives and goals. Second thing us Task structure in
Morrison’s. It shows the degree by which subordinates perform their job in a structure form.
They need to be clear about their role and responsibility which is assigned by their leader. Last
one is position power. This is all in hand of leader that how they tackle the employees in
Morrison’s. It is the legitimate power of the leader of Morrison’s which includes hire, rewards,
fire etc. Leader should have used this power correctly over the employees otherwise employees
get de-motivated and productivity of company also gets decreased.
Figure 1 Contingency theory, (Source: The contingency perspective - principles of management,
2019)
Situational theory - This theory is discovered by Dr Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. This
model is based on a perception that in today's world the leaders cannot just use or reply on only
one management style. Leadership style gets changes as per the situations, not all fits for every
situation. Both of the above discovers believes that leaders need to adjust the way in which they
lead their teammates by analyzing the situation and time (Situational Leadership, 2016).
Thus, leader of Morrison’s also take decisions and implement their leadership style by
analysis the situations in the company. This situational leadership style itself has four sub
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divided leadership which are supporting, coaching, directing and delegating. In the first one
leader only directs their employees by showing little supportive behavior. In supporting leader
show high supportive behavior as the relationship with the subordinates are good enough and
that listen what their leader tells them. In coaching leader provide training to teammates and
show high directive behavior, when the teammates are not in control strict actions need to be
taken. Lastly in delegating leader shows low supporting behavior and also direct less as
teammates already have delegated their responsibilities and tasks among themselves. In this
stage teammates are in position to take efficient decisions and set goals in Morrison’s.
Figure 2 Situational Theory, (Source: Situational Leadership, 2016)
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System Theory - This theory is known as modern organizational theory. It was developed in
early 60’s. By its analytical and conceptual base this put significance in research data. In this
theory organization is termed as systems. In the system there are sub systems that are interrelated
with each other (Modern Organization Theory – Systems Theory, 2019). This helps to ensure
that efficient functioning is done as a whole system. Each system has a boundary which
differentiates it from another one based on environmental situations.
Figure 3 Systems Theory, (Source: Modern Organization Theory – Systems Theory, 2019)
According to this theory there are two systems namely open and closed. Open system is
categorized in which interaction can be done with environment. In closed system there is no
interaction happen with the environment. Hence, organization is termed as open system because
it interacts with the environment. System theory includes organizational study that helps to
identify strategic parts, interdependency between them, link between process, system and parts
and lastly the list of goals which a firm wants to accomplish. Hence, the leader of Morrison’s
first evaluated the results of inputs into outputs in an organization which is a system and then
gives feedbacks to teammates. By receiving this feedbacks the team members are able to do
improvements in their work in which they are lacking behind.
P4. Analyse approaches for operational management and purpose of leader and manager in that
context.
Total Quality Management -. In total quality management efforts of workers in company and
the employees at directed towards the objectives of organization and by improving processes,
services and the environment in which they work (Hitt, Xu and Carnes, 2016). Also this theory
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promotes customer satisfaction through enhancing the quality of the services and products, by
which the firm can also make higher profits.
 Role of Manager - The manager will motivate the employees through different
managerial actions and incentives to work in the most effective and efficient manner and
to enhance the quality of products. Also the manager will also train the subordinates to
work with efficiency.
 Role of Leader - The leader of Morrison will guide, direct, motivate the team members
to work with team spirit and to work in most effective and efficient manner. The leader
will also train and help the employees to increase the quality of products by working on
the latest technologies and equipments.
Six Sigma - This strategy look for doing improvement in the product quality through using a
process of removing and identifying defects for minimizing the impact of durability in
manufacturing process like converting input into output (Fiorentino, 2016). The Six Sigma
approach works only within the internal environment of the business which is followed by define
and different sequence steps and specific value targets and goals.
 Role of Manager - The manager of Morrison will apply managerial techniques to
remove the unnecessary steps in the process or by using statistical methods to increase
efficiency and minimizing the waste of resources, and reducing cost of production. The
manager will also guide the subordinates to use latest technologies which generates very
low amount of waste.
 Role of Leader - The leader of the company will promote the use of latest technologies
to improve efficiency and there will be optimum utilization of resources. The leader is
responsible for increasing cost of production done by its teammates. The leaders must
motivate the teammates to work on latest technologies as they are beneficial for the
organization.
Just in time - This method is a stock strategy in which the raw materials and- goods are received
and ordered when they feels wanted for production process. The objectives of this method is to
decrease the cost of production and to reduce inventory expenses. This method is more effective
in the organizations where there is unnecessary stocking of goods and raw materials for future.
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 Role of Manager - The manager of Morrison Company will use his managerial technique to
reduce the unnecessary storage of material. The manager must perform his functions of
planning, organizing in such a manner that there will be no excess storage of material
beyond need (Heizer, 2016). The manager will also use the techniques which promotes
optimum utilization of resources.
 Role of Leader - The leader of the company must guide his team members in such a way
that there should be no need of stocking the materials, which will reduce cost of production
and inventory expenses. The leader must provide the team members benefits of latest
technologies which consumes less amount of material in the process of production.
P5. Explanation for the significance of operations in management which helps in attaining
business objectives.
 The operations in management ensure excellence of service and product, also operations
done in management helps to remove the problem of quality and superiority of product and
service, also helps in removing dissatisfaction of the consumers (Leiras, González-Calderón
and Yoshizaki, 2019). The Morrison Company will also enhance the quality of product and
service by performing operations in management. The operations in management are the key
factors for driving the success of company.
 By performing certain operations in the organization the company is able to increase the
profit margin by decreasing the cost of production and minimizing unnecessary storage of
the goods and raw materials which are not required for the production. The Morrison
Company has to perform the operation to increase the revenue in the shortest possible time
to expand and diversify their market all over the world.
 The operations which are performed in the organization after all study and analysis helps in
reduction of waste or helps in reducing the wastage of resources. The company can use
various effective techniques that help in reduction of waste (Slack, 2018). The Morrison
Company also has to reduce the wastage of resources by which the company is able to
increase profit with both customer satisfaction and the profit margin of the company. The
operations will also reduce the cost of production which ultimately increases the revenue of
the firm.
 It also helps in reducing the load of the top level management as the various process of
operations are performed by the subordinates and superiors below the top level
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