Report on Leadership, Management, and Operational Management at M&S

This report analyzes the roles of managers and leaders within an organization, emphasizing their impact on operational management. It explores the functions of leaders and managers at M&S, highlighting their responsibilities in planning, organizing, and motivating employees to achieve business objectives. The report delves into leadership theories, including situational, systems, and contingency models, and their applications in decision-making and operational activities. It examines operational management's significance in achieving business goals, the impact of the environment on business decisions, and the role of operational management in the success of M&S. The report also discusses various approaches like Six Sigma and Lean Production for operational efficiency and the importance of skilled workers in operational processes. Furthermore, it covers the application of queuing theory and provides insights into effective leadership and management strategies for organizational success.

Management and Operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Role of manager and leadership in an organization...............................................................1
P2- Role of leaders and managers at M&S.................................................................................3
P3- Theories and models associated with situational, systems and contingency leadership. ...4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P4- Management and leaders role in Operational management..................................................5
P5- Operations management in business objectives...................................................................7
P6- Environment affecting the business decision-making and operational activities. ...............9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
In today’s scenario for organizing any business there is need of management and
operational activities to perform the business functions and related strategies. This creates great
impact on overall business for detailed planning and creating different strategies for execution of
work properly. Through this practises organization can easily manage, design and control all the
business activities and can easily achieve the goals for producing the goods and services
(Nahavandi, 2016).
This makes the organization to achieve greater market values and high profit outcomes.
This report will guide you about the role of manager and leadership. Through this, effective role
and knowledge about management, their contribution and conceptual support for the efficient
and effective organization can be easily understood. There is key role of operation management
in the achieving business objectives. Also, readers can get knowledge about the related business
decision that are made for organization success. Through this report, we can easily understand
the operational management of M & S Ltd.
TASK 1
P1 Role of manager and leadership in an organization
For being successful, an organization need role of both leader and management.
Management plays the key role in the organization. Activities such as organizing, planning,
managing, designing, directing, making strategies, coordinating and controlling to make the
organization work effective. Through management, wastage decreases and resources utilization
is effective (Rowitz, 2010). It leads to the strategical work of the employee and achieve the
respective objectives. Management is required by the organization to perform the work function
easily and achieve the respective goals.
Defination of Leader
In the organization like M&S, leadership role is to guide the organization members.
Leader role is to show vision and getting the members understand about their role in the work.
They motivate and monitor the employees to achieve the organization’s goal. Thus, monitoring
the work procedure and progress is the role of leaders. Both function is basically related to each
other but their way of approach to solve the problems are different in workplace.
Defination of Manager
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Role of management is to manage the employees whereas leadership is all about
innovating something with the help of employees with strategical approach of management of
organization. Leadership is about finding different methods to change the system by innovating.
Managers role is to define the work, build its structure and to continue that process to make the
organizational work better.
Roles and Responsibilities
Leader have the quality to rule actively and are self-aware about their personality in the
workplace. Main thing about being the leader is that they are transparent to the organization
whereas managers adopts other ideas and behaviours to achieve success, they don’t have their
own creativity. Leadership role forces them to take risk factor to achieve something new.
For being the leader, person needs to face many failures while manager’s works is to
minimize this risk factor and control respective problems. Leader think about long term goals
while managers think about short term goals. Leaders don’t rely on others for getting success
they build their success of their own on the other hand manager success relays on past skills and
behaviours.
Through the work of managers, they try to attract the stakeholders. They build the trust
factor and loyalty to stakeholder to invest into their firm whereas manager role is to create the
necessary structure to achieve the set goals of organization. Leader find the potential of
individual to work while managers focus on the allotment and guidance of task (Goetsch and
Davis, 2014) Leaders create brand while managers in force the members to complete their task
and to impress the boss.
Difference Between the Leader and the Manager
Leader Manager
A leader faces many failures in his lifetime. A manager work is to minimize the risk
and control respective problems.
A leader have the vision of long term
objectives.
A manager have the vision of short term
objectives such that long term can be
obtained effectively.
Leaders have the potential to create the Maintenance and assuring that the
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brand. reputation of that brand is the work of
manager.
Leadership is a wider scope than manager. Management is narrow concept than the
leaders.
P2- Role of leaders and managers at M&S
Function of manager to give the respective objectives to the employees and making
them clear about their work function. Leadership role is to create new task and do all the
necessary steps tasks to uplift the M & S company. They give direction to the M & S and
motivate, inspire and uplift employees trust to do something new and innovative. The function of
the managers is to follow the established path and make things go in the right manner. Managers
needs to plan, organize and needs to establish budget for the M & S.
Managers also function as problem solving and controlling the issues of the employee.
They divide the equal work among the workers and distribute them their responsibilities. They
play effective role in the management and enhance the employee participation to achieve the
objectives of the M & S. For the functioning of the work there is role of the model support from
the other members of the top management.
For performing the respective tasks allotted to the employee they may require certain
training and development programs to enhance their abilities. All this training is provided by the
managers. Leaders role is as early defined to inspire and motivate the employees to perform their
task. They always hope for something new and innovative to make the M & S growth.
Leaderships plays key role in the management as played by the manager. For both of them there
are some functions of M & S which they need to perform. These are to plan, organize,
monitoring, allocating, directing and controlling the work of their members. They force to
inbuilt creative ideas in the mind of the employees so that they can achieve more creativity and
set their targets to achieve something new (Connors, 2011). There can be more function of the
managers which consists work like spokesperson, negotiator and disturbance handler. If the
employee is facing any type of the work issue they can directly consult to the managers. There
can be chances when a leader acts as the manager and a manager acts like a leader. For the leader
when ineffective and allotted work to them is about monitoring the employee then they work as
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the managers. Similarly goes with the managers. Organizing function is to be followed by leader
and manager by organizing the various activities as per time for Mark & Spencer's. Monitoring
the activities and operations is the key as by this deviations can be find out by the manager to
further help in decision making Mark & Spencer's. Allocation and direction in Mark & Spencer's
are also the impactful players as they have been catering the needs of managers from many
times. Controlling process is the key in Mark & Spencer's in making the work in control not over
stated and not undervalued as it was planned.
P3- Theories and models associated with situational, systems and contingency leadership.
There are many ways a leader can be assisted such as giving many situations, different
system and taking decisions related to any tasks in such situations. According to situational
leadership model there is no particular approach to it. It directly depends to the level of the
situation which the leader and the management approach,This is needed to identify the situation
which are necessary, indirectly to set the priorities related to the tasks. Through the leader’s
quality like problem solving and their ability to perform task in such condition is carried out.
There are various types of situation leadership. Some are listed below: Direct approach, support,
delegating and coaching. There are three steps for identifying such model. Step 1 is to identify
the priorities then to diagnose the problem and last decide the way to solve such problems. The
related four tasks are interrelated to each other. System leadership involves the involvement of
different people in various places and stages for creating subsequent changes different system.
There are 6 different ways of identifying the system leadership which are described as follows.
Leaders personal values are judged through various activities. Their way of perceiving the
knowledge is checked (Mendenhall, 2012). Their understanding level by giving them analytical
and situational problems. They behaviours towards others employees. Way of completing the
tasks and leading behaviour. At last comes the leadership qualities of being supportive. All this
quality makes system leadership. Contingency theory is defined as the various approaches made
by the organization to take decisions to lead to organization to the success.
Behavioural theory helps the managers and leaders to build the change effectively and
efficiently as by helping out the employees through by having a knowledge of their behaviours at
the workplace, thus by this they can know whether which workforce needs more motivational
insights and who do not for more productivity and profitability. Management By Objectives is
another set of theory which is adopted by leaders and managers in knowing whether there
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objectives have been set are up to the mark or not and on the basis of performance levels of the
workforce time by time it is emphasised that employees should make the change in the better
manner. Chaos theory explains that sometimes managers and leaders when they have to increase
the capacity of the people they apply this theory by a little chaos about the promotions or
bonuses or anything else.
This is necessary to identify and balance the internal demands of the organization and
identify the different environment of the market. Through these leadership skills the organization
can withstand the long-term market and can gain profit. These theories and models help to
maintain the leaders and their member relationship. This will create more followers of the
leaders. They would be highly accepted. Their task structure will be high. Also, this will help the
leader to achieve high position and power in the organization. Contingency theory directly
impacts on the performance of the leader.
TASK 2
P4- Management and leaders role in Operational management
Operation management basically deals with the construction of the arrangement,
administration and continuous transformation of the manufacturing group that helps to produce
goods or services. Operation management plays a vital role in organizational success. The main
aim or goal of an organization is the continuous production of goods or services to their
customers. To achieve this, they require raw material as input and processing setup to produce or
convert them into outputs and finally delivered to the consumer. Six sigma is the one approach
through which managers and leaders find that whether there projects and operations are on the
right track or not to achieve the desired objectives. Lean Production is another approach that is
dealt by the managers and leaders such that this will help in getting the change which is strived
for. This helps in making the production of the products or objects smooth.
In case of big and successful firms operational activities considered as the key structural
area, with skilled workers are appointed for bring off all operations processes (Lunenburg, 2011).
Operations area plays a vital role in estimating how well organization fulfil customer needs.
Queuing theory helps in finding out the appropriate cost which has been incurred on the project
so that it can modify the operations which are irrelevant or just can make decisions on
minimizing the cost levels. In case of non-government organizations, the main of aim of
operations functions are considered in term of profit, development as well as competitiveness.
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Operation manager performs their roles which are discussed among some professionally
qualified operation managers argue that operations management consist of all the operations that
organization does.
According to this, every singular manager is operation manager, since all operation
manager involves in the activities that is required in an organization to make, process and present
firms products and thus principles of TQM helps in making the quality product at the right time
and at the right place which helps in making the change. However, some of them also comment
on the definition, that their functions are making accurate amount of goods with right quality and
cost to meet consumer requirements. Operation manager plays an important role in organization
success by redeem their responsibilities like planning, their control, embracing design, strategy
making, and continuous process improvement. Managers needs to focus on the proper inventory
management through the just in time inventory management techniques and it is always been
told that they need to make sure that continuous flow of ideas for improvement should be there
to undertake new trends and technologies.
Here is the list of responsibilities of operations managers:
 HRM – Recruit people so that goods and services supply can be maintained wherever
required. Liability management – It is related to the financial statement of the company.
 Price management:These are required to be managed for fulfilling the future
requirement and necessity of the company. Operational manager decides whether
production should be made or not.
 Decision making – decision making plays an important role in organizational
success. it includes
1. Designing of the operational management
2. Managing of the operational management
3. Improving of the operational management
There is also role of the effective in the quality of the management this can be accessed
by the following things such as the reaching the quality aspects, satisfying the customer
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demands, improving and maintaining the employee work, minimizing the risk factor, making the
strategic planning, forfeiting the standard quality, maximizing the market values as well as profit
and capital (Hamel, 2012). All this are the main roles of manager and leader which are needed to
be established to achieve good customer satisfaction and their loyalty. Leader also enforce the
worker for being creative in the business so that innovative products and services can be given to
the costumers.
Operational management activities can be improved through adopting the theories which
are associated with it. These are Six Sigma and Lean. The former one is based on quality
management methods while the later focus on the resources expenditures to achieve goals.
The six sigma method relies on statistical analysis and infrastructure development
through the experts of that fields. It is a sequential process where target is be achieved through
sustainable development. Such aspects can be accomplished through making mappings,
statistical data or making calculations. Moreover, team work can help in accomplishing the work
more peacefully. In simple language it is used by operational managers to identify the issues and
defeats in their process. However, the other method is based on the utilization of the resources in
more appropriate ways and making sustainable development. It focus on the less expenditure and
re-utilization of the resources. In M&S this can be utilize to minimize the waste and improve the
production.
P5- Operations management in business objectives
Common belief of most of the minds are operations management is only limited to the
operational industry only. For goods or service manufacturing companies there are variety of
procedures are there which starts from perceptive, managing resources, developing
transformation model, creating outputs and delivering it to the user, getting feedback from the
user on the good or service they provided and this results in continuous improvement of the
goods or service and helps in organizational success.
Whenever a company offering goods or services, that company must make sure that they
have managed to fulfil customer needs and demands meet at all time. In this process marketing
group plays important role in understanding what the customer wants from the organization
(DeCarlo, 2010). They collect feedback and their requirement details and use it for the
continuous improvement of the goods or services. Proper control is the key in maintaining the
operations of the business as this helps in attaining the objectives such that M&S should make
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sure that they needs to deliver good and better distribution systems and control over it.
Transformation process of raw materials should be designed by managers in such a manner that
the products which are made should have quality.
The operations management constitute two main objectives which are necessary to
perform the required task in the organization. The objectives are giving services to the
customer’s, their satisfaction and sustainable development. Client services and their satisfaction
is the foremost aim of the entity as without them there will be no value of the entity and its
operation. Capacity management should also be undertaken by the managers so that in the need
of it managers can utilize that stock for the future use.
From the above decision, it can be said that operational management has to fulfil the
demands of customers and utilize the resources in more sustainable ways. If such development
are not made than there will be huge loss to the company and profit as well as market image of
the company will fall. So for the profit of the company both objective must be completed in most
effective ways (Montgomery, 2011).
List of principles of managing process are:
 Understanding of the process: it is very important that each person working in the project
must have the idea of process in detail for successful completion.
 Designate an operation manager: designating a process handler is the foremost option as
they have complete knowledge of how the procedure is to be done.
 Idea of interconnection: every process is the interconnection of variety of processes and
hence it is very important to understand the interconnection of every single process.
 Providing training to others: providing training to unskilled employees is always a better
option so that they can work efficiently on transformation model for inputting the
resources and outputting the products. It is expected that good members have the
responsibilities to share the knowledge.
 Measure and controls the process: measure for control, process, bench marking and
continuous improvement. Measurement is important for interfacing between various
process at sub level and a same level (Nienaber, H., 2010).
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 Continuous improvement: continuous improvement plays a important role in
organizational success in market and it should done continuously because nothing is
stand still. Thus the role of managers is also to make the distribution systems well
equipped wi9th machines so that time can be saved and that time can be used in some
other productive things, also it is the duty of the leader to keep checking the stock of raw
materials at factory and the products which are manufactured are in accordance wroth the
rules and regulations or not.
P6- Environment affecting the business decision-making and operational activities.
The main key function is to identify the new technologies and methods to improve the
production as well as decrease the cost for the production for the costumers in the changing
business environment. For this strategic planning needs to be adopted for avoiding the challenges
and meeting new opportunities in the business market. Key function for the operational
management are the basic function as described above. This are planning, designing, managing
and coordinating the employees. Managers need to ensure that their operations should not impact
the people and the society such that this will help the organizations to build the brand image and
ethical responsibility towards the people can be achieved.
Along with this, ethics, values and CSR are the important factors which affects the
operational activity of the leaders and managers. The decision made by the firms must be based
on the ethics and social aspects. In order to attract the investors and for any operation morale
values, ethical and social responsibilities must be promoted. Such activities promotes the
customers, employees, leaders and managers to make positive decision related to the company.
Further, it increases the brand level and reputation which is considered as important assets as it is
most difficult to achieve and maintain. The organisation must complete their civic duties towards
the society through their action and decisions. Further, CSR activities promotes more positive
image, media coverage. It increases the employee engagement and attracts the investors. These
helps to develop the business in more successful and effective ways.
For designing there is need of innovation and creativity so that costumer gets attracted
toward the products and services. This can be improving by monitoring the employee’s
performance. Planning can be effective by analysing different situation of the organization and
getting solution to cope with those situations. Team work makes the work load effective divided
and helps to build the team spirit to solve the problems. It creates better environment and
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improves the performance. This can be achieved by training and development programs
(Drennan, 2012).
Coordinating means interrelating different task and integrated way. It is required between
different employees, managers and leaders of the organization. The role of manager in the
organization is to budgeting and keeping track on the finance. Using cost-effective techniques
and new technology this can be easily achieved. Managers need to allocate the tasks to the
employees and keep monitoring them. This improve the performance of the employee. They also
set the respective goals and reduce the communication gaps between the employees.
Giving salary, training and development programs to the employees. External factors like
the competitors and market values are also needed to be checked regularly. For firms like M&S
their needs to regular maintain this data update and knowledge about the competitors and the
market strategies. It builds the strength to withstand the market in terms of quality and quantity.
Organization providing good production as well as customer satisfaction will earn profit in the
market. This will result in long term benefits and improves the competitive environment.
Other issues like political and socio economic issues can be eliminated through adopting
key skills and following the business rules and regulations of the market. Research should be
done to avoid all such negative aspects of markets. This factors affect greatly on the decision-
making strategies of the management by the leaders and managers. The operational management
can be improved by regular checking on the governing mechanism to supervise the employees
and other members of organization. Regulating the investment period per the market for
effectively management.
The quality of the products and services to the costumer should be up to expectation of
consumers. At last the supple chain which includes the procedure of purchasing, storage,
transportation, delivery and customer feedback should be regularly maintained. All this function
is performed by the managers and leaders to make the organizational work effective and to earn
profit. This also increase the market values and builds relationship between the employees,
management and costumers. For organization like M&S ltd the management plays great role.
There can be successful growth in the market if market strategies are adopted (Amondi, 2011).
The role of the manager and leader plays key role for functioning in the organization. It is
important for managers or leaders to look out for the different sustainability measures and they
need to make the adjustments in order to make the things stable at the workplace. Thus it is
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important for the managers to adopt the measures which can make the stakeholders happy as
they will be happy will eventually benefit the firm because they will generate the funds for the
business.
CONCLUSION
Through this report, it is clear the role of managers and leadership. Both the roles are
different but they can be considerable like each other. Both of their task is to manage, allocate,
organize, control, staffing and inspiring. But the procedural approach is different for both. For
such companies like M&S ltd. both these roles play important roles. Their role is to influence the
employee to complete their allocated work and to move towards achieving success. Topic such
as operational management and its role in the organization is discussed. Different qualities and
related theories are discussed in aspect for being the leader and managers. The research also
discussed how to achieve high profit and long term market values for organization like M&S ltd.
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REFERENCES
Books and Generals
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