Leadership, Management, and Operations Management: A Tesco Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management within the context of operations at Tesco, a multinational corporation. It explores the roles of leaders and managers in various situational contexts, such as product launches and conflict management, and applies different leadership theories and models, including situational, contingency, and system leadership. The report evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches and discusses the importance of operations management in meeting business objectives. It also examines the factors of the business environment that impact operational management and decision-making, highlighting how these factors influence both the business and wider communities. The analysis uses specific examples from Tesco to illustrate the application of these concepts and theories.

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................3
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................3
P2) Discuss the way role of leaders & functions of managers in different situational context.................3
P3) Apply various theories & models which include situation, contingency and system leadership.......4
M2) Evaluate strengths & weaknesses of various approaches to situation within work environment......7
D1) Evaluate different leadership theories & approaches in given context..............................................7
TASK 3.......................................................................................................................................................7
P4) Approaches of operations management and also describe the role which leaders and managers play
.................................................................................................................................................................7
P5) Discuss how operations management is important in meeting with business objectives...................9
M3) Evaluate the way in which managers & leaders can enhance efficiency of operational management
for successfully meeting with business goals.........................................................................................10
TASK 4.....................................................................................................................................................10
P6) Discuss the factors of business environment which has impact over operational management &
decision making of leaders & managers................................................................................................10
M4) Discuss the way in which various factors influence business environment & wider communities 11
D2) Evaluate application of operation management and also discuss such factors which affect wider
business environment............................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................12
REFRENCES............................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Management is an activity wherein different activities of business are managed in such a
manner that predefined goals can be attained within stipulated period of time. Under this,
functions such as planning, organizing, directing as well as controlling are included for ensuring
future growth and success of business entity. Operations management is related with managing
daily activities of business in productive & efficient manner. For this purpose, it is important to
keep a track on daily performance for improving productivity & efficiency in an appropriate
way. Management and operations are combined together so that business entity can attain desire
level of success with utmost efficiency (Kurvinen, Töyrylä and Murthy, 2016). In the current
report TESCO is taken into consideration which is a renowned organization, offers variety of
products such as clothes, mobiles, groceries and more. It is based on UK and currently working
in nearly 13 countries worldwide. The present report is based on roles & responsibilities of
managers and leaders along with the difference in their roles. Further, roles of leaders &
managers in different situations has also been discussed in the given report along with
appropriate theory and models such as situational, system & contingent leadership theories. It
also covered approaches of operations management, significance of those approaches in attaining
business objectives. Lastly, the factors of business environment which affect decision making of
managers & leaders are also included in the following report.
TASK 1
Covered in PPT
TASK 2
P2) Discuss the way role of leaders & functions of managers in different situational context
In organization, there are different kinds of situation occur which need to handle by
leaders and managers as they are the key person of company. They are required to apply
necessary expertise and knowledge in order to handle the situation in best possible way. In this
regard, different situations are given underneath:
SITUATION1: PRODUCT LAUNCH

TESCO is a well known company which is working in diversifies verticals and currently
looking forward to expand business by introducing new range of products. Organic and herbal
products are going to launch by company with an aim to increase current customer base in an
efficient manner (Pedroso, da Silva and Tate, 2016).
 Role of leader: Main role of leader is to formulate necessary vision and maintain proper
communication with employees through the process of launch. Apart from this, they are
also required to motivate individuals to work with full efficiency and expertise for the
success of process.
 Function of managers: Here, managers are required to prepare the plans and strategies
for executing launch programs in successful manner. They also need to keep proper
control over all the activities in order to get desire results.
SITUATION 2: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT
In organization, it is common to arise conflicts among team members due to the diversify
backgrounds and difference in opinions, thoughts of different employees. Lack of coordination,
consent are some of the main reasons of conflicts. In TESCO, it is a multinational company
where people belong from diversify background work together which sometimes become a
reason of conflicts & ambiguity.
 Role of leaders: During conflict, role of leaders is to facilitate proper communication so
that conflicts can resolve in easy way. In addition to this, they are also required to
maintain positive environment at work place (Haddud and Khare, 2020).
 Functions of managers: In Conflict management, major role of managers is to provide
clarity to all employees in terms of their roles & responsibilities. In addition to this, it is
the duty of managers to maintain clear line of authority and follow a proper hierarchy in
order to facilitate proper communication at work place.
P3) Apply various theories & models which include situation, contingency and system leadership
Leaders are the key person of organization who has the responsibility to maintain positive
relationships with subordinated by providing them proper guidance, direction and motivation.
Here, some theories have been developed so that leaders can handle different situations in best
possible way. These theories are mentioned below:

Situational leadership theory: Leaders have to face different situations which put a direct impact
over performance and productivity of employees. Under this theory , it is the role of leader to
analyze the situation and then formulate effective strategies in order to handle the situation in
best possible way (Dezi and et. al., 2019). For this purpose, various types of situational
leadership styles are given as under:
Telling and directing: Under this, leaders maintain proper communication with
employees and provide them necessary support and guidance. Leaders of TESCO make sure to
provide suitable training to the new employees who have joined the company recently by
supervising their work on regular basis. With this, staff members get clarity regarding their roles
& duties in meeting with organizational goals (Dias and et. al., 2018).

Participative & Supportive: Here, employees of TESCO are motivated by leaders to
actively participate in organizational activities. In this, leaders put utmost efforts to enhance the
engagement of work force for getting better outcomes in future period of time.
Delegating: In Delegation, leader’s handover necessary power to subordinates so that
they can take appropriate decisions. It helps in utilizing potential & capabilities of employees in
right direction and also facilitates prompt and effective decision. In TESCO, leaders are likely to
delegate certain level of authority to work force for betterment of organization.
System leadership theory:
According to this theory, behavior of individuals is self regulated which can be improved
through self assessment & feedback mechanism. Here, performance of employees is monitored
in a systematic way for bringing further improvement. System leadership is regarded as the set of
skills, capacities which can be used by organization in order to catalyze, support as well as
enable the process related to system level change (Welton and et. al., 2018). Under this, different
leadership effort are combined together for introducing innovation and advancements within
business. It is a complex leadership theory wherein collective actions are required in order to
realize the set goals in real context. In reference of TESCO, this theory helps leaders in
conducting different business activities in systematic & proper way. With this, leaders are able to
attain set objectives in predefined manner.
Contingency leadership theory:
It is analyzed that business entities face a lot of uncertainties and contingencies which
further put a serious impact over organization. There is requirement to analyze the external
environment and formulate suitable strategies in order to deal with uncertainties in best possible
way. For this purpose, Fiedler’s contingency model is applied by leaders of TESCO for
enhancing competencies and potential of employees to deal with uncertain situation. This theory
started that there is no predefine way to guide & direct work force so leaders are expected to act
as per the situation. In this regard, leaders are required to prepare suitable strategies & plans for
dealing with situation and contingencies in well define manner.

M2) Evaluate strengths & weaknesses of various approaches to situation within work
environment
It is stated that different kinds of situation arise within company and leaders & managers
are responsible to handle the situation in best possible way. There are situations such as product
launch, conflict and more might occur at work place which can be handled by applying
appropriate theories & models like situational, systematic and contingency leadership theories.
These approaches are efficient and guide leaders & managers to manage performance of
employees at work place. It is analyzed that situational theory is helpful in dealing with
consequences of different situation in an effective manner. Sometimes, wrong approach of leader
might put adverse impact over company. Likewise, contingency leadership approach is known
for dealing with uncertainties but require huge time to make suitable strategies and plans.
D1) Evaluate different leadership theories & approaches in given context
In above stated scenario, TESCO is going to launch new product and also need to deal
with conflicts at work place. Here, different leadership theories such as situational, contingency
and systematic approaches are applied for dealing with situation in an effective manner.
Situational approach: Leaders of TESCO applied situational leadership in order to deal
with different circumstances effectively. With the effective application of this approach, they are
able to handle each and every situation at work place in best possible way. Situational approach
is helpful in dealing with different aspects of business effectively.
Systematic approach: Systematic theory is applied for carrying out different activities in
proper & systematic manner. In TESCO, managers and leaders apply this theory so that they can
perform different activities in systematic way.
Contingency leadership theory: This approach has been formulated to face future
uncertainties & contingencies in an effective manner. In TESCO, managers anticipate the future
circumstances and prepare suitable strategies in order to deal with uncertain situations
effectively.

TASK 3
P4) Approaches of operations management and also describe the role which leaders and
managers play
Operations management is a function wherein different activities are performed for
increasing production & efficiency of company in an efficient manner. Operations management
is related with conversion of raw material into finish goods in an efficient manner by making
appropriate use of available resources. There are a lot of techniques are used in the field of
operations management which are described as under:
Total Quality management: This approach is related with maintaining quality of products
during production process (Srai and Ané, 2016). In this, quality is maintained throughout the
process so that higher standard and quality goods can be provided to customers. It will help in
terms of gaining higher level of customer satisfaction which is beneficial for future growth and
success of business entity.
 Role of managers: In this, main role of manager is to formulate such policies and
strategies by which overall quality of products can be improved.
 Role of leader: Leaders of TESCO communicate policies and strategies to employees so
that they can work accordingly for producing quality goods and services.
Just-in-time: Main aim of this process is to minimize the additional cost for improving quality
of production. Here, inputs and outputs are measured by company at each and every stage of
manufacturing process (Donovan and et. al., 2017). By this, organization can easily enhance the
level of efficiency & productivity by eliminating unnecessary activities from production process.
It also plays a crucial role in minimizing overall cost and produce quality products in minimum
possible cost. In reference of TESCO, they also use this approach by keeping a track over
production process so that quality products can be produced in a effective manner.
 Role of managers: In this, managers of TESCO need to provide appropriate guidance &
direction to staff and also monitor their performance constantly for making improvement
in quality of products.
 Role of leaders: Here, leaders have a role of motivating and communication staff so that
they work with utmost proficiency and competencies for realizing the goals of company.

Kaizen: It is a Japanese technique of production wherein continuous improvement is done in
the production process for producing quality goods and services (Gao and Su, 2018). By
continuous evaluation, it is possible to identify loop holes and make improvements in timely
manner. In reference of TESCO, they keep proper control over the production process in order to
bring necessary improvements in production process.
 Role of managers: In this, managers are responsible to make appropriate plans and also
organize different activities in such a manner that bring positive results in company. For
this purpose, suitable strategies are also prepared by managers in order to attain the set
goals within stipulated period of time.
 Role of leaders: In this, leaders communicate with staff members and also provide the m
necessary direction at each and every step to avoid any mismanagement during
production process.
P5) Discuss how operations management is important in meeting with business objectives
Operations management is an area of business management which refers to administering
daily business activities in order to attain higher level of productivity & efficiency. Under this,
activities are performed so that efficient products can be produced which also have good quality.
For this purpose, significance of operations management is mentioned as under:
Enhance quality of product and operational efficiency: It is analyzed that operations
management techniques are really helpful in order to produce quality products and services
(Singh, Gunasekaran and Kumar, 2018). In reference of TESCO, they adopt efficient techniques
of operations management so that they can produce quality products in an efficient manner.
Other than this, bulk production is done by company for meeting with huge market demand
which reduce overall cost of production in significant manner.
Cost reduction: Each and every company has an aim to reduce the cost of production in
order to earn significant amount of profit margin. In TESCO, managers are able to reduce down
overall cost of production by implying certain crucial techniques of operations management such
as TQM, just-in-time and more. Here, company make sure to maintain quality of products while
reducing the cost of production. Due to lower cost, they are able to provide products to
customers at affordable price which is helpful in enhancing overall sales & revenue significantly.

Consumer satisfaction: Customers are crucial part of business and their satisfaction
means a lot for company. In TESCO, they use effective techniques of operations management for
producing quality goods and also maintain production efficiency at the same time (Abaei and et.
al., 2019). For satisfying customers, it is imperative to offer them quality products at affordable
price. Quality play a crucial role in building trust among customer segment so that they
frequently visit to outlets and become the loyal customers. Enhancing the number of loyal
customers really help company in increasing their market reputation in significant manner.
M3) Evaluate the way in which managers & leaders can enhance efficiency of operational
management for successfully meeting with business goals
It is analyzed that there are several ways such as TQM, just-in-time, kaizen and other
approaches by which efficiency and productivity of production process can be enhances. So,
managers & leaders of TESCO rely on such tools for maximizing the potential of production
process and produce quality goods by maintaining price within affordable range. With effective
implementation of these techniques managers & leaders of respective company are able to
enhance overall efficiency for attaining predefined goals in an efficient manner.
TASK 4
P6) Discuss the factors of business environment which has impact over operational management
& decision making of leaders & managers
Business environment is the accumulation of internal as well as external factors which
have the power to influence overall operations of company in profound manner. In this reference,
it is expected from managers & leaders to alien their decision making with surrounding elements
for surviving in current challenging environment for longer period of time. Certain factors of
business environment which also influence decision making are mentioned as under:
Stakeholders: Stakeholders have the power and hold such position by which they can easily
affect operations of organization. Major stakeholder of TESCO are their managers, leaders,
investors, customers, employees, general public and more. Here, activities of stakeholders are
likely to affect operational management practices and also influence decision making of
managers & leaders as they need to take decision by considering maximum benefit of
stakeholders (Feng, Lai and Zhu, 2020).

Sustainability: It is also a crucial factor of business environment which is likely to affect
operational management practices. Main aim of operations management is to enhance efficiency
and productivity for bringing sustainability in business. Hereby, decisions of manager and
leaders of TESCO are also affected with sustainability for which they adopt necessary
operational management techniques such as Just-in-time, Kaizen and more.
Culture and values: It refers to the values, beliefs of different individuals who are
associated with business. It is required to consider culture and values of organization while
choosing a suitable operational management approaches (Biondi, Sand and Harjunkoski, 2017).
It is the role of managers and leaders to take decision by keeping the culture & values of business
entity in consideration for getting positive outcomes in an efficient manner.
M4) Discuss the way in which various factors influence business environment & wider
communities
With above stated information, it is analyzed that internal and external environment of
business comprises several such elements which have a profound impact over operational
management as well as decision making of managers & leaders of organization. It is imperative
to analyze all these elements while taking decisions for ensuring smooth functioning of business.
The major factors have been identifies as stakeholder, sustainability, culture & values. It is found
that TESCO is operating business in competitive environment which make it crucial to analyze
all these elements in well define & detailed manner.
D2) Evaluate application of operation management and also discuss such factors which affect
wider business environment
Application of operation management:
In TESCO, various techniques of operational management like Just-in-time, TQM,
Kaizen and more are applied for maintaining higher level of efficiency in production process for
reducing the overall cost and inflating sales and profit margin in significant manner. With the
implementation of these approaches respective organization is able to maintain higher quality of
products at minimum cost. Due to the implication of effective operation management tools
company is able to provide quality goods to customers which is helpful in terms of getting an
edge over competitors within competitive business environment.

Factors affect wider business environment:
Business environment is made with different internal as well as external elements that
have a major impact on organization. There are several factors such as cultures, sustainability,
values and more which affect business operations. It is analyzed that culture and values are
related with internal aspects and impact the performance level as well as productivity of
company. On other side, external elements such as sustainability also affect functions a business
entity as they need to consider the environmental impact of their activities while doing business.
Hence, there are ample of elements present within internal as well as external environment which
influence business practices in significant manner.