Unit 4: Management and Operations Report - Leadership and Management

This report examines the core concepts of management and operations, focusing on the distinctions between leadership and management roles and characteristics. It analyzes how leaders and managers function in different situational contexts, including crisis management and new product launches, using Tesco as a practical case study. The report applies various leadership theories, such as situational leadership, to understand their impact on operational efficiency. Furthermore, it explores key approaches to operations management and the importance of effective operational strategies, considering factors within the business environment that influence operational decision-making. The analysis provides insights into how these elements contribute to organizational success and competitive advantage, providing a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

UNIT- 4 MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
Contents
INTRODUTION..............................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1) Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager...1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2) Examine the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts...................................................................................................................................4
P3) Apply different theories and models of approach............................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P4) Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play.........................................................................................................................8
P5) Explain the importance and value of operations management........................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P6) Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making.......................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUTION
The operations and management is a process that is based on the concern as with this the
transformation of different basic inputs as like raw materials into the furnished goods and
services. It is a procedure though which the accomplishment of various profitability and
performance is developed as it assist to covered largest market share and in this the working
potential also get developed. In this the company must have ensure that all the different
requirement and demand of customers must get satisfied in satisfactory manner (Alves, 2015).
The prior designing and advancement of various offered products and services is measured by
which continuous success is progressed with better sustainability. The following report is based
on the Tesco that is British multinational retailers of merchandiser and groceries and was
established in 1919 by Jack Cohen and having headquartered Welwyn Hertfordshire, UK. The
report includes difference between role of leader and function of manager and its operations
functions of an organisation. In addition to this include the effective understanding of
relationship in between leadership and management in contemporary business environment.
TASK 1
P1) Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Leader: The leader is the one who has influenced others and with this the working capacity
and its ability is developed. It is the behaviour of an individual by which they could motivate
others such that suitable direction is provided to all thus the completion of goals and objective
become more clear and transparent. The leader has also uses the different leadership style and it
would be changes as per the different situations. In relation of Tesco, a leader has a responsibility
with this also provide better assistance to the other employees by which all the targets has
achieved in effective and efficient manner.
Manager: The manager is an individual who monitor and control all the different situations
under which the different set of activities is performed in appropriate way (Amano, 2019). A
manager perform all its responsibility by which the working operation and function is enhanced
in adequate way. The manager of Tesco has performed all its duty along with this provide
training and development by which accomplishment of work become more easy and flexible.
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Role of leaders
 Creative vision: Leader provides better vision as by playing its entire essential role by
which all the individual and team member get the pathway and with this completion of
objective is more adequate. The suitable guidance is needed by which the work is
complete within the timely basis as with this the standardised changes are measured in
effectual way. In relation to Tesco, the leader develops and design framework in which
the planning is progressed so that task is completed in better way.
 Coach potential: The leader has more potential to make a change by which the working
capabilities and abilities is developed (Antony, 2016). In this all the complex situation is
solved in beneficiary manner and the issues are overcome with more suitability. It is
more useful for the business as with this the productive outcomes are conceived in
ultimate way. The leader of Tesco, control and manage the entire situation in positive
way and better level of implementation is progressed.
Characteristics of Leader: -
1. Charismatic: It is a characteristic of leader in which they have easily attracted and
modify the other personalities as well and become idol for all others. It is used to
delivered clear vision and mission in which the work is turned into better format.
2. Effective Communicator: All the leaders have the ability through which they have
flexibility influenced other in which effectively communicate with others. In this the
information is conveyed to all the other employees in considerable manner. It has positive
changes within the business and a better level of solution is presented by reducing all the
complexities from the task and activities (Bolden, 2016). The effective communication
aid to work with more clarity in which the goal and objective is attained in ordinate
manner.
Roles of Manager: -
1. Establishing Policies: The manager has played more responsibility in which they have
designed and formulate different set of policy, roles, guidelines so that the work is
processed with more attractiveness. In context of Tesco, manager developed the policy
that is followed by all the individual with that better execution of work is performed in
ethical manner.
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2. Delegating Responsibilities: It is a suitable essentiality in which the manager has
performed different responsibility such as to divide the task in segmented way by which
effective work is processed, assigned timeline of all project, provide appraisal and reward
to employee in terms of performance and many others as well.
Characteristics of Manager: -
1. Time Management Skill: It is the most basic aspect in which manager ensures that all
the task and activities is developed in timely basis (Easter, 2019). It is a skill that is more
useful and with this better lead and success is attained with more effectiveness.
2. Effective Interpersonal Skills: The interpersonal skills are those that are used while
making effective interaction with each other and that is as like communication,
observation, presentation of soft and hard skills as per the according to condition.
Differentiation between Leader and Manager: -
Basis Leader Manager
Role The leader is plays vital role within the
business and with this motivates other
by providing appropriate direction. In
this the vision, mission, target and
objective is processed by the leader to
the others in this all the profit is
accomplished in effective manner.
The manager provides suitable
guidance to other by which the
probability of better outcomes is
developed.
Characteristics The leader have the effective
communication and with this having
charisma by which effectively
influence others (Fleming, 2016).
The manger having interpersonal and time
management skills in this the execution of task
is processed in flawless mode.
Theories The theory of leadership is as system
theory, contingency theory etc.
The management theory is as
behavioural theory, bureaucratic theory
etc.
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TASK 2
P2) Examine the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational
contexts.
All the business has faces different situation as with this perform different operation and
functions in this the manager and leader processed their working in which all the complex
situation is converted into the simpler one. In this the ability of business to gain the competitive
advantage from the aggressive marketplace thus better potential is attained within limited period
of time (Gao, 2019). There are certain role of leader and function of manager that is based on the
different conditions and it is as defined below as:
Situation 1: Crisis management
It is a situation in which the management of company perform the task as by setting
standardised modification in each other facility. In this the stakeholder of business is facing
continuous threats due to which profit ratio also get decreases. In this the leaders of Tesco
perform different roles that are as explained below as:
Role of leader
 In this the leader uses the leadership style and as per that control as well manager the
situation that depends on crisis in desirable manner.
 In this the leader has presented the business information and statistics in front of the
media by which certain level of trust and better bond is developed in the marketplace.
 The better measure of accountability is processed in effective decision making and in this
the problem solving capacity also get developed thus the crisis is managed in appropriate
way (Hu, 2018).
Functions of manager
 In this situation the Tesco used to collect all the essential and adequate information with
this the different framework is developed by which planning and scheduling is done. In
this all the subordinates must followed the plans and procedure to easily solved the
situation.
 The manager plays a lot of responsibility by which different set of duties is processed so
as to manage the crisis situation. In this effective communication is developed by which
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clear thoughts and ideas are transmitted within the business as in this all the situation is
considerate with prior appropriateness.
 The analysis and briefing of various aspects that is relatable to crisis is measured as it
used to measure and motivate the employees by whom all the redundancy is removed
within assigned time period.
Situation 2: A new product launch
It is a situation in which Tesco has launched new product and for that develop various
strategies and policies with this customer attractiveness become more fluent (Ichinose, 2018).
The leader and manager of Tesco use their skills and capability along with this perform role and
function for more perfection and that is as furthermore explained below as:
Role of leader
 In this the leader play essential responsibility and under this observe all the certain
change of marketplace and thus to achieve better ending provide clear vision to
employees. In this working accessibility is getting advanced as per the launch of product.
 The leader of Tesco ensures that all the spokesperson is presented in the seminars as it is
happened at the time of pre and post launch of products.
 The suitable decision making is done by which the appropriate investment is induces and
profitable outcome is attained within minimum amount of inputs.
Function of manager
 The manager plays various functions and in this ensures that product packaging is
associated within the delivery and pricing of product by which profit ratio didn’t get
reduces.
 Manager of Tesco ensure that they have recruit the skilled and talent workforce by which
better level of improvisation is done. In this the manufacturing and production capability
is getting enhanced with more satisfactoriness (Liu, 2019).
 The manager also motivate the employee by providing them adequate appraisal and
rewards by which the level of connectivity is developed in sufficient manner.
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P3) Apply different theories and models of approach.
The business condition has been changes on continuous basis and to get manage and
control that the efficient leadership and management theory is implies within the business. Thus
the different approaches of leadership that is used in Tesco are as described below as:
Situational leadership: It is a leadership style in which the dependency is based on the
various situations that are raise on random basis. It is a style in which the leader influence or
provide pathway to the other employee’s as per the demand and requirement of different
conditions (Martínez-Jurado, 2014). It is the most suitable and flexible style of leadership in
which the changes are implemented in proper format. The leader of Tesco has used this to
manage diverse range of situation as accordingly. As per Blamchard and Hersey leadership
having different approaches and it is as defined below as:
Telling: In this the leader works as a decision maker with this communicate the strategy
or information those are used to perform while completing task.
Selling: In this leader sell its ideas and thoughts that are processed within the team and
make the task completion easy and supportive.
Delegating: It is used when both leader and other team member are parallel takes
participate in which the strategy and planning is progressed with collective analysis of all.
Participating: It is leadership style in which leader works to inspire the other and
motivate them by which they have also present innovative ideas and it also boost the confidence
and zeal of employees.
Systems leadership: It is a theory in which the leader uses it skills and capabilities and
tries to become catalyst with this upraise the performance of team. It is basically a combination
of collaborative leadership and intrinsic innovation that decentralised the networking. In this the
team member are more opened to represent its thinking and ideas in productive manner
(Mehrjerdi, 2019). It is a style of leadership in this the leader of Tesco creates more values and
manage all the work of as HR, marketing, finance etc. as in effective mode.
Fiedler’s Contingency model: It is a leadership style that provides the effectiveness of
leaders as it is based on the different situations and consider three factors as like work structure,
employee relationship and leader’s power. It is the most essential aspect in which leader of Tesco
prevail the condition as per the match of structure and style. It is used to manage the work as per
the situation and demand as with this effective relation also get developed.
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Strength and weakness of various leadership theories
Leadership
style
Strengths Weakness
Situational
leadership
 It reduces all the complexity and with this
more comfort among the employees is
processed.
 It is more supportive for Tesco as provide
suitable direction to the business in which
work is completed with more effectiveness
(Ramasesh, 2014).
 It doesn’t having the positive
implementation for the accomplishment of
long term goals.
 It is not easy to gather all the information
thus decision making also get affected.
Systems
leadership
 It is leadership style through which all the
individual is getting emphasis its
performance.
 The diverse range of directions is provided
within this style of leadership.
 The process of decision making is much
longer and complex as well.
 All the condition is interdependent on each
other thus probability of internal conflict
raises.
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TASK 3
P4) Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and
managers play.
The business has been gone through which different complex situation as it is based on
operation management and its approaches that is used to manage all the different activities in
formative manner. It has both negative and positive implementation of Tesco and in this the
ability of business to attain better changes is emphasis and is as explained below as:
Six sigma: It is a procedure with this better focus and concern is maintain by which all
the complexities is reduces along with this production efficiency is also get developed in
effectual way (Sanchez, 2014). In this various opportunities and loopholes are recognised by
which customer satisfaction is enhanced. It is used as in the manufacturing process by which
production quality is advances by which all the other defects are reduced in appropriate manner.
In addition to this is also called as DMAIC that is as described below as:
D-Defining of goals and problem
M-Measuring of different liable components
A- Analysis of data
I- Improvement of process, and
C- Controlling on working process
Lean principle: It is principle of operation management in which the concern is about
the reduction of wastage by which overall cost of production is minimised. It is an approach of
Tesco with this suitable change is implemented in order to satisfy the customers.
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Total quality management: It is an approach with this continuous improvement is
induces in the manufacturing and production process as with this the delivery is processed in
systematic manner. It is usually a managerial prospect by which certain level of improvement is
induced by which quality standards also get developed. In context of Tesco improvement is
processed to attain more efficiency and better sustainability.
The leader and manager having the sustained roles with this better connectivity with the
approaches of operational management and it is as explained below as:
Provide direction: The leader plays direct role and in this all the team members has
supervised on the other hand the manager also plays its responsibility with this better detailing is
accessed in appropriate manner (Wagner, 2014). In context of Tesco leader provide certain
direction to other and manager perform few responsibilities with this all the task is managed so
as to complete it on timely base.
Bring excellence initiative: Leader and manager defines play significant role in which
quality is upraise as it aid to develop quality standards that furthermore assist to attain longer
sustainability in aggressive marketplace. In this leader enhance level of commitment and
manager uses different approaches to develop operation management.
P5) Explain the importance and value of operations management.
The operational management is the basic aspect for business as it helps to make direct impact
on the development and enhancement of various activities. Tesco is a multinational company and
produces diverse range of products and services as like clothes, furniture, groceries, books and
many others as well. In addition to this there is some vital purpose as well by which the working
efficiency of the business is developed in accurate format. It is also used to maintain constant
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focus by which the redundancy and complexities are getting reduces and it enhances the working
efficiency of production. There are some basic concepts of operation management that is as
explained below as:
 Planning: It is a basic role in which the manager makes different plans that is used to
implement productive modification so as to modify the quality of the offered services. In
relation to Tesco efficient strategy is induces that helps to complete all the goals and
objectives in precise way.
 Organising: In this the different function and operation of business is getting advanced
in appropriate way as with this the overall working process is enhanced with better
accuracy. It is the most appropriate pathway by which sufficient control is attained such
that ability to manage the work is processed in effective and efficient manner (Willar,
2016).
 Directing: In this clear direction or pathway is provided to the subordinates in whom the
level of connectivity and responsibility is progressed.
 Controlling: It is a process in which the working process is managed by which accurate
measurement is taken in effectual way. In relation to Tesco it is used to organise the
efficiency of operations.
Tesco must have uses TQM method so as to manage the manufacturing process by which
reliable processing is induces through which better level of customer satisfaction is developed
and it make more easy to grab the attention of marketplace. Thus Tesco tries to make planning
about to achieve 20% of market share and for that have tries to make effective utilisation of all
the required resources. It is also used to reduce the level of wastage by which better output are
attained in easiest manner.
TASK 4
P6) Assess the factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making.
It is a decision making process in which Tesco is using different factors and with this
leader and manager manages the different working condition and that is as explained below as:
CSR: It is a process in which the systematic level of improvements as like social,
economic, environment is being considerate in efficient way. In relation to Tesco, the manager as
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well as leader is collectively associated with the different practices through which societal
prospect is controlled and managed by the business. In this the brand image and values are
processed with better sufficiency so that market availability is getting enhanced. In this
environmental protection is considerate by which prominent changes are induces as like
recycling of wastage and accounting of all the other production process. In this business must
have worked for to reduce the wastage amount so as to inculcate the lean production by which
heavy quality is addressed in relevant mode (Inyang, 2018). On the other hand the transportation
and environment friendly protection is adopted by the business
Ethics: It is usually known as the prior reflection of the different working of business so
as to provide liable treatment to the customers and to the stakeholders as well. It is a prospect
that reduces the working gap in between the different practices by which more benefits are
achieved in sustained manner. In relation to Tesco ethics are the basic priority that is given by
the business and along with this positive implication is performed by which employee
performance also get enhanced. Tesco uses the thumb rule so as to process its ethnicity with
better availability of resources.
Sustainability: It is the prospect in which the business has considerate long term aspect
of marketplace in which sustainability and durability is maintained. In this more creativeness and
innovation is process by the business and it is to satisfy more of the customers. In this the
manager takes all its responsibility by which better decision is provided that motivate other as
well and in this profit share of business is enhanced. In usually added more values to the business
as customers are attracted and get retained for longer period of instance.
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CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that operation and project management is the
most basic aspect for the business and in this the leader and manager play different role and
functions. The leader and manager both plays vital prospect and under this the achievement of
different success and development is processed in satisfactory manner. Leadership and
management collectively advance the working performance of business in satisfactory manner. It
provides both direction and appropriate pathway from which attainment of all the goals and
objectives become more familiar. Furthermore, the operation management also uses different
methods as like JIT manufacturing efficiency, TQM and six sigma by which the production of
waste also get balanced.
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