Leadership and Management Perspectives: Theories and Styles Analysis

This report delves into the core concepts of leadership and management, examining various theories and styles. It begins by introducing the fundamental principles of leadership and management, emphasizing their importance in organizational settings. The main body of the report explores key leadership and management theories, including situational, system, and contingency theories, providing insights into how leaders adapt their approaches based on different situations and employee characteristics. The report then analyzes different leadership styles, such as autocratic, participative, and delegating styles, outlining their characteristics and application in various contexts. The report concludes by summarizing the key takeaways, emphasizing the importance of understanding and applying these leadership and management concepts for effective organizational performance. The report uses examples of different leadership styles in retail business industries.

Management and Leadership
Perspectives

Table of Content
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Theories of Leadership and Management....................................................................................3
Types of Leadership Styles..........................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
The leadership is an action of a particular person of leading group of people or
employees. It also can be considered as the art of a person to lead or motivating people to follow
the direction suggested by the person (Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019). Management is the
approach of a person who is the controller and administrator of an organization or group of
employees. Both leadership and management are most important for working of organization.
This report is explaining different theories and perspectives of leadership and management of
Tesco in diverse environment. Different types of lifestyles of leadership and management are
explained to evaluate the approach of leaders in various situations.
MAIN BODY
Theories of Leadership and Management
The different theories are used to evaluate the approach of leaders and management in
different situations. The situational theory of leadership, system theory of leadership and
contingency theory are the mostly used theories to understand leadership and management
approach. The different kind of issues a leader have to face in the organization which are related
to race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation and socio-economy. To solve these various type of
problem leader use different approaches that can be understand by this theories.
Situational Theory of Leadership
As per the situational theory of leadership there is not a single leadership style which is
perfect for all conditions. The approach and leadership style is based on the particular situation
or condition. The decision and action of leader are classified as per the situation (Thorpe, 2016).
For each different situation the approach of leader is different. Also the approach and leadership
style of leader is based on the type of followers who are following the leader. This theory is
purely an assumption which related to the most effective style of leader that is depended on the
type of problem or issue currently company is facing. There are different approaches leader can
use in different conditions. These approaches are known as telling, selling, participating and
delegating approach. In telling the authority of decision taking is in hand of leader. The followers
or employees have to follow the decision of employees. In the selling approach leader is still the
decision taker but in this approach leader work to help the employees to complete the task. In

participating approach leader and team member work together to take decision for particular
situation. The employees are equal participants in decision making. The last approach the power
of decision making is allocated to employees. The different decision related to work approach
are taken by employees.
System Theory of Leadership
This theory of leadership is based on the approach that enables the leader to create
different situation for different level of employees to utilize their productivity as per their
capabilities. As per this theory uses the sound principle which is related to the behavior of people
to create models of good leadership, system designing, organizing strategy and social methods
within an organization. This also help to design a system in the organization to drive better
productivity of organization to complete goals with higher efficiency (Bolden, 2016). This theory
help the leader to design a system to complete the targets and goals of company with maximum
efficiency. This theory suggests that any kind of problem in the organization can be resolved just
by making change in the system of organization.
Contingency Theory
This theory is same as situational theory of leadership this theory states that same type of
leadership approach is not always suitable for each situation. Approaches are need to change as
per the situation. So, for better handling of condition and problem leader’s actions should be
accordingly. There are two types of situations in a business one is which are favorable for leader
and other one which is a challenge for leader. The favorable condition can be solved by normal
approach but for difficult conditions leader have to implement particular skills and focus in the
problems to handle the situation in best efficient way.
This theories of leadership and management are important to learn different approaches
of leader and manager in different situation.
Types of Leadership Styles
There are mainly three type of leadership styles which are important to understand the
action and decision making of a leader or manager. This three types of leadership styles are
authoritarian or autocratic, participative or democratic and delegating or Laissez.in these three
styles of leadership shows how a leader take action to solve a particular situation.

Autocratic
In this style all the decision of the organization are taken by the leader without any
suggestion of the employees or followers. The whole process or method is directed and run by
leader and all the employees has to do is to follow commands of leader. This is for the condition
where the leader is highly skilled and educated to solve the particular issue. This style of leader
is used in goal achievement of organization.
Participative
This is cooperative kind of style, in this style leader include one or more employees to
make decision for organization procedures. In participative approach employees plays important
role in decision making but the final decision is in hand of leader. This type of style is normally
used in the situation where there are some changes required in organization procedures. In this
condition role of employees is required must.
Delegating
This is also an important type of leadership style which is used in decision making for
organization or business. In this type of leadership style leader allows the employees to take
decision for organization (Hallinger and Chen, 2015). The power of decision making is in hand
of employees in this style but still the leader is responsible for the decisions of employees. This
is also considered as poor style of leadership where the leader puts the authority of decision
making on lower level manager which reduces the effectiveness of organization. In the retail
business industry this approach or leadership style is most effective.
CONCLUSION
This report is concluding different type of leadership and manage theories & styles to
understand the action and approach of leader. The different leader ship theories are evaluated to
learn decision making approach of a leader and leadership styles are learned to understand the
situation handling of person.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Bolden, R., 2016. Leadership, management and organisational development. In Gower handbook
of leadership and management development (pp. 143-158). Routledge.
Bush, T., Bell, L. and Middlewood, D. eds., 2019. Principles of Educational Leadership &
Management. SAGE Publications Limited.
Hallinger, P. and Chen, J., 2015. Review of research on educational leadership and management
in Asia: A comparative analysis of research topics and methods, 1995–2012. Educational
Management Administration & Leadership. 43(1). pp.5-27
Thorpe, R., 2016. Gower handbook of leadership and management development. CRC Press.