Leadership and Management Development Programme Analysis and Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership and management development. It begins with an introduction and defines the concepts of leadership and management, highlighting their differences and similarities. The report then explores various leadership theories, including contingency, situational, and system approaches, and discusses their applications. An operations review is conducted, analyzing the practical aspects of management within an organization, specifically in a bakery industry. The report concludes with recommendations for improvement and emphasizes the importance of leadership and management in fostering organizational success. The content covers topics such as vision setting, team motivation, operational efficiency, and the application of different leadership styles to different situations, all with the goal of improving business outcomes.

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Leadership and management development Programme
Student name
Institution
Course code

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Contents
Leadership and management development Programme........................................................................2
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................2
Concept of leadership..............................................................................................................................2
Concept of management.........................................................................................................................3
Difference between leadership and management....................................................................................4
Similarities of leadership and management.............................................................................................5
Application of contingency situational and system approach leadership theory..................................6
Operations review......................................................................................................................................8
Recommendation.....................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion................................................................................................................................................12
References............................................................................................................................................13

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Leadership and management development Programme
Introduction
The main aim of organizational leadership and management is to cultivate leadership and
management skills in people. Individuals with management and organizational skill are careful
and competent in their actions. Individuals possessing the skills can be able to bring about
organizational change that is geared to the improvement and progression of an organization.
Organizational leadership is paramount in an organization setting since it cross cut in its
approach, that is it favors and individual and also the whole team simultaneously. In other words
organizational leadership and management creates an attitude, work ethic which ensure that
every individual is able to take his/her role in offering leadership at bottom middle and top level.
Some of the key component of organizational leadership management include; worldview which
is the ability to understand own environment as well as understanding the environment at a large
scope. Another component is strength, which encompasses on emphasizing on ones strengths and
managing the weaknesses. Communication is another component, ethics and leadership. Good
leaders are made through an ending process of training, experience, education and self-
study(McElroy, 1982).
Concept of leadership
Leadership is cultivated through continued working, experience and studying. Thus leadership is
said to be the way in which an individual is able to influence and accomplish objectives of an
organization. Thus in leadership other people are influence (social influence) rather than using
power and requires one to accomplish something. Leaders in an organization is a group of
individuals who influence positive change in the organization. Therefore leadership involves,

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establishment of the organization vision, sharing the vison with other team members and
influencing them to willingly follow, they develop method, direct knowledge and give
information on how the vision can be achieved and balance and coordinate interest that could be
conflicting among stakeholders and members. Leaders are expected to act creatively in case an
issues arises in an organization. One cannot be taught how to become a leader but leadership can
be enhanced by the process of mentoring(Orr, 2007).
Concept of management
It is possible for one to attend a college and learn to be a manager as opposed to leadership.
Manager are part of a team they manage but often separated in some way. In most cases an office
has only one manger. A good manager executes the roles attached to him/her diligently.
Managers put their focus on daily organizational tasks. Thus control and manage day to day
organizational activities(Piercy, 2012).
It is unwise to think that a good leader is a good manager. Leadership and management are to
diverse and different concepts. However when one has the knowledge of the difference between
the two, and he/she is keen on the gaps existing he/she can be both a good manager and a leader.
But never assume that a good leader is a good manager and vice versa. Organizational
management is said to be small than leadership but more focused compared to leadership. For
example the leaders develops the organization vision while the managers executes the plan,
manager do what is required in order to achieve the vision. Some of the management key
characteristics are; strategic focus of the organization aspects, executing within the areas of their
responsibilities, enforcing business policies in order to realize the goals, managers monitor and
direct their team, manage risks in an organization. On the hand key characteristics of a leader
include; tactical focus on the needs of an organization, develop goals and organization strategic

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direction, tackle risk engagement and risk identification, mentor and empower the organization
team to achieve goal realization and establish organization principles. Also managers are
characterized by short term focus but have keen attention to details. On the other hand leaders
have long term and high level focus to details at hand(McElroy, 1982).
In an organization setting leaders are expected to set a clear organizational vision, motivate the
employee, build morale among the team players and guide the employees. Whereas a manager
set objectives, communicate to the team, organize tasks, outlines the targets, manage the
organization performance, hire personnel and manage resources.
Difference between leadership and management
The primary functions of leaders and managers differ. The main functions of a manager is ensure
there is order and consistency of processes. In case of a bakery industry the manager is required
to organize ways of obtaining the raw materials, the efficient production method, and ways of
packaging, and market to supply. He/she hire competent workers who can help in the realization
of the organization’s goals. In our case of a bakery industry he/she hire the chefs, marketers and
suppliers of the product. The manager develops a budget that runs the organization. For instance
he/she divided the money in portions, a portion to secure the raw materials, processing cost,
marketing cost and also the employees’ salaries. The manager plans the activities and events of
an organization in a systematic manners. He/she is also ready to solve any problem that may
arise in the management of the organization. In the event that the bakery products are not selling
as expected he/she is responsible of finding the cause and solving the problem to as to improve
the sales of the industry(Young and Dulewicz, 2008).
However leadership is not concerned with executing of role rather it is concerned with
overseeing positive change in an organization through inspiring. A leader sets the vision of an

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industry for instance a leaders in bakery industry outlines the future look of the industry. He/she
may say that the vision of the bakery is to provide the community with all-time nutritious
products, feed the community and produce high quality and pocket friendly products. A leader
establish the direction in which the team should follow is could be in terms of discipline,
commitment, quality work and clients respect. Thus the organization team is shaped by its leader
by instilling the values that lead to the success of the organization. Through quality products,
high sales volume and efficient production. The leader also inspires and motivates his/ her team.
Manager and leader differences can be summarized as
Leader innovates and creates but a manager commands, a leader do the right thing whereas a
manager role is to make things straight, a manager will deal with organizing and staffing while a
leader takes care of core communication, empowerment and credibility, mangers control people
while leaders motivate people.
Similarities of leadership and management
In most cases leaders and manager are confused and often said to be one and the same person in
terms of roles and characteristics. In some cases managers and leaders can be same since they
have some similarities that bring them together. Both are in the top level of an organization and
they are expected to drive positive change in an organization. Leaders and mangers instructs the
team on the way forward in terms of an organization activities and achievements. For instance a
bakery industry leader may communicate a message of sales improvement and at the same time
the sales manager communicates the same message his/her team. Both the leader and a manager
should be goal oriented in order to realize the set goals in an organization. In both management
and leadership social skills are paramount remember a leader and a manager sets the pace and the
team follows. However the team may not follow if proper influence and good social skills are not

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applied. They should be able to communicate and convince the team on the way forward.
Effectiveness is another element that leaders and mangers have in common both need to achieve
the organization’s goals thus required to be focused and effective enough.
In terms of roles leaders and manager share the decision making role. Leaders make decisions as
well as the managers do. A leader may make a decision for the whole organization while a
manager makes a decision for a single department but the decisions have a common ending
which is achieving the goals and objectives of an organization. Also managers and leaders work
with a group so as to ensure that organization’s goals are reached.
Application of contingency situational and system approach leadership theory
Situational and contingency leadership approaches seem same but opposite. Both approaches
emphasize on the importance of a situation, however they have varying expectations.
Contingency leadership believes that a leader is required to match things with the right situation
therefore a leader apply hi/her own leadership style to the right situation. While situational
approach echoes that a good leader adapts with the existing situation. In system approach theory
one is required to understand step by step the leadership system through interactions and
linkages. Therefore in system approach theory expected leader is mentored and oriented with the
line of activities roles and whatever else is expected. A future leader develops and grows in the
same environment with the existing leader therefore teaching the leadership tips required of him
when he becomes a leader. It is important to be able to make decisions according to situations or
to fit a situation. But the knowledge of an existing history of situation is key too. Being straight
in line of making right decision in the right situation is paramount too but how can one
accommodate severe situation. System approach theory is diverse and may involve contingency
and situational approach too. Thus system approach is recommended in most cases since;

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leadership begins with a clear aim, it is understood, also has a powerful force that results to
improved leadership, cultivates and tells that leadership is a resource that should be managed and
an organization is able to develop a leader according to its particular need.

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Operations review
Operation management is the administration of business activities in order to achieve the high
level of efficiency. Operation management involves monitoring and managing processes in a
firm. The processes includes conversion of labor, energy and raw materials to goods and
services. Thus management operation oversees that the conversion of raw materials labor and
energy is done effectively and efficiently in order to raise a firm profit margin. Operation theory
outlines the way in which a system should work to achieve efficiency hence maximum margin.
It is majorly concerned with business management and production processes. Responsibilities
that are connected to operation management includes; maximizing on outputs while minimizing
inputs through efficiency, meeting the customers’ requirements, ensuring creativity,
technological advancement, rational analysis and employee skills are put in place. Currently the
operation management theories are four namely; lean manufacturing theory, business process
design, six sigma and reconfigurable manufacturing system(Gore, 2006).
In our case the bakery industry has operational issues in regard to its activities, decisions and
responsibilities which if they can be corrected both production and delivery of goods can be in a
better shape. One the technology used in the industry is outdated, it result to a lot of wastage in
terms of energy resource and time resource too. The architectural is not in a shape that allows
efficient storage and supply of the product. The organization culture also affects the decision and
responsibilities of the organization. The leadership should be aggressive in order to keep pace
with their competing opponent which is not the case. The culture of derailment has grown in the
organization. As per the operation review the bakery industry need key amendment that will
oversee its improvement and efficiency. If the lean manufacturing theory, six sigma,

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configurable manufacturing system and business process design are applied the bakery can
improve efficiency and attain maximum profit while minimizing costs. The leadership and
managerial system should be restructured may be through mentorship and trainings.
The reconfigurable manufacturing system refers to the production systems tailored to increase
the software, hardware and structural changes. The system allows a firm to keep pace with the
changing market. In the case of the bakery industry when reconfigurable manufacturing system
is applied it can help adjust according to the market size and also the types of clients. Structural
changes in terms of machines can be adjusted for production of more products to meet the
rapidly growing population of consumers. In the case of advertisement and marketing improve
software use is applicable and especially where a huge number of clients are digital. Also more
efficient software and hardware can be installed to improve management of the huge data as a
result of rapid consumer. Managerial structural change can be applicable so as to influence
change and better the production, product quality, responsiveness and overall efficiency.
The six sigma solely focus on the quality. The approach was developed in 1985-1987. The ‘six’
stands for control limits in standard deviation in a normal distribution mean. Thus in term of
finance six sigma focuses on profit maximization and reduced costs. Thus the tools that are
mostly used in six sigma are ratios, defect calculation and trend charts. Thus in the case of the
bakery industry record keeping is paramount in order to obtain the trend of the industry’s
financial performance and be able to extrapolate the future. The sole purpose of calculating ratios
such as potential defect calculation is to monitor the financial performance of an organization
and marking the path to maximum profit margin(Gore, 2006).
The lean manufacturing is concerned with the elimination of wastage in the manufacturing
process. Automatically when there is reduced wastage efficiency and quality is achieved. In turn

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efficiency means maximized profits and reduced costs. In the case of the bakery industry the
energy resource may be lost due to outdated machines or improper wiring. Correction of such
errors would result to minimum usage of energy, reduced electricity bill that reduces the
production cost while increasing maximum profit. Reduced wastage of resources cost the firm
less and improve the volume of production. Lean manufacturing focuses on value creation. Thus
it minimizing waste and achieves efficiency, efficiency lower production cost and consequently
the product prices can be lowered. In case the prices of a product, and a quality product is
supplied the consumer response is always positive. The business process redesign theory come to
be in 1993. Business process redesign deals with designing work flow and analysis of work flow.
The business process redesign assists a firm in the restructuring business process.
Operation functions can be summarized as responsibilities of management of the process of
goods and services creation. The function includes; organizing, controlling, planning and
coordinating the resources required in the production of goods and services. When the operations
function are carried out diligently the consumer get the products they need, effectiveness and
efficiency is improved and ensure health safety is put into consideration.
Managers and leaders can improve business operation through reducing wastage and maximizing
products and profit, lowering the costs establishing sustainable programs. Business operation
management can also be improve through automation, automation is use of technology in
production. Automation can improve quality and reduce production cost, eliminate human error
and improve the tasks speed. Managers and leaders can be able to improve the operations
management through analysis of the quality, the quality of the customer services can be can be
analyzed through the management and gauge the operations of a firm. Another way is through
process optimization and workforce management(Gore, 2006).

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Leaders and managers play a vital role in regards to operation management. Some of the duties
are statistics analysis and reading and report writing. Operations manager monitor the staff
performance, supervise employees’ especially new and sharing findings with high management
and stakeholders. Other responsibilities are looking for new technologies that can increase
efficiency, manage the programmes of quality assurance, plan and control change, view budgets
and manage the costs and oversee the inventory. Generally leadership and management manage
the resources, manage finance, set goals and convey communications.
The operation management have a number of factors that impact it success. Some of the factors
include; competition obvious there are a number of bakery industries in the neighborhood,
consequently all of them need to stand out and provide the customers with the best quality
product. Competition can be a challenge especially when the leadership management is weak. A
firm is required to be aggressive enough and produce efficiently to attract consumers. Innovation
is key in the field of operation management, the team should be innovative so as to improvise
ways in which the resources are well managed and quality products are produced efficiently.
Government policies is another factor has always affected operation management of firms,
government expects firms to meet given requirement. Thus enact regulations that affect business.
The supply chain of an industry products should be strategic. In some cases the supply chain are
defect, the defect chain result to complain and in most cases the product may not reach the
consumers. The supply chain should comply with the set regulations in order to safeguard the
company’s reputation. The physical location of the firm affects its operation, the firm should be
in a strategic location and also possess efficient structures and architecture. The strategic location
ensures there is adequate supply chain available. Other factors that affects the organizational

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culture include; market, customers, technology, economic conditions, organizational structure,
labor inefficiency and organizational culture.
P6 Factor which create impact on business environment
In order to perform many functions, bakery products are affected by such factors. They
are as follows:
Political factor
Government of the country make different rules and policies which assist to grow
business and operations in systematic manner. In this aspect, the chosen business has to follow
all rules and regulations which frame by government. Thus, it increases profitability at
workplace.
Economic factor
Further, economic factors are ascertains due to change in interest rates, inflation rates and
many other elements. In this way, business has responsibilities to find market trends through they
will able to develop results and profitability.
Social factor
Social factors create impact due to changes in demand and requirement of each customer.
In this aspect, food business need to concentration on demand and requirement of customer.
Thus, they can easily reach towards each person within the whole market.
Technological factor
Technological is also essential element which demonstrate effective results and
performances at workplace. In this aspect, the chosen business can enhance their productivity
through ascertain latest technology at workplace. It will easily attracts potential customer
towards the company. As results, positive impact take place within the business environment.

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Legal factor
The chosen business has responsibilities to maintains their quality and performances. In
this aspect, they have to make their results and performances on the basis of rules and
regulations. This is because, food business require to concentration on profitability and their
outcomes through providing effective products and services.
Recommendation
The organizational culture of bakery should be changed to better, so as to achieve aggressive
leadership and managerial system. Attain a leader who is able to set a company vision and
influence the team to achieve the vision. A manager who can execute duties in his authority too.
I would recommend a training and a mentorship program for the team in order to improve their
skills and raise their motivation.
Efficiency is paramount in every production firm, for a firm to achieve its maximum profit it
should be producing efficiently. Out dated technology increase the cost of production through
waste of resources and eventually realize minimal profit. Automation and embracing advance
technology should be key in the bakery industry, it would help in fastening the production
process reduce human error and limit wastage.
Conclusion
For an organization to be successful in terms of goal and objective achievement there must be a
well-planned leadership and management system. Despite the fact that leadership and
management differ in roles definition, they aim in achieving the organization goal. A leaders
should be able to influence his team while the manager should be able to execute responsibilities
under his authority. Thus a team is important but without a leaders it cannot work due conflict
between and among members thus a leader is need to set a vision and direction.

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Operation management is an important segment in a firm. The application of the four operation
management theory defines and accomplish the operation process. Also leadership in operation
department should not be taken for granted since it means efficiency and profit maximization.
References
Gore, B. (2006). Book Review: Cases in Operations Management: Building Customer Value
Through World-Class Operations. Business Communication Quarterly, 69(2), pp.232-
237.
McElroy, J. (1982). Attribution Theory: A leadership Theory for Leaders. Leadership &
Organization Development Journal, 3(4), pp.27-30.
Orr, M. (2007). Learning Advanced Leadership: Findings from a Leadership Development
Programme for New Superintendents. Educational Management Administration &
Leadership, 35(3), pp.327-347.
Piercy, N. (2012). Business history and operations management. Business History, 54(2), pp.154-
178.
Young, M. and Dulewicz, V. (2008). Similarities and Differences between Leadership and
Management: High-Performance Competencies in the British Royal Navy. British
Journal of Management, 19(1), pp.17-32.