Evaluating Leadership and Management in Business Environments: Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership and management within a business context, focusing on operational management. It begins by defining the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, contrasting their functions, and evaluating various leadership theories such as situational, system-based, and contingency theories. The report delves into the practical application of these theories in different situations, exploring strengths and weaknesses of various approaches. It further examines the impact of the business environment on operational management, considering both internal and external factors. The analysis includes key approaches to operations management and how leaders and managers can improve efficiencies to meet business objectives. Overall, the report offers a detailed examination of leadership and management principles and their application in the business world to achieve organizational goals.

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P 1 Roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager........................................................3
M 1 Comparison between role of leader and function of a manager.....................................4
D 1 Evaluation of theories and approaches to leadership ......................................................4
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................5
P 2 Role of a leader and function of a manger in a various situation ....................................5
M 2 Strengths and weakness of the different approaches .....................................................6
D 2 Evaluation of applications of operations management and factors impact on business
environment............................................................................................................................6
P 3 various theories and models including situational, system, and contingency leadership 7
M 3 Leaders and mangers can improve efficiencies of operational management to meet
business objectives.................................................................................................................8
P 4 Key approaches to operations management and the role of leaders and mangers...........8
P 5 achievement of business objectives by operational management....................................9
P 6components within the business environment by which operational management will be
affected.................................................................................................................................10
M 4 elements which influence business surrounding...........................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is all about conversion of raw materials into finished products which
means it deals with the production process in the organization. Basically M & S is one of the
famous organization which deals with the production of clothes and food products to satisfy their
customer needs and wants. In fact M & S is a retail shop in all over the world which try to
manufacture all the basic needs for the customers (Pandey , 2012). Mainly the major task of the
management and operation is to manage and control all the operational and administrative
activities of the enterprise effectively and efficiently. In other words operational management
believes in converting inputs into output to maximize their profit by minimizing their losses. So
the term operational management describes the overall production cost and expenses of the
organization to work effectively and efficiently by fulfilling their customers’ needs and wants.
TASK 1
P 1 Roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
M & S is a one of the famous retail enterprise which produce all the basic products for
their customers like they manufacture clothes, home products and all the luxury products to
satisfy their customers’ needs and wants. In fact Mark and Spencer main motive is to establish
their business in all over the globe to attain their enterprise goals and targets.
Leaders are the head of any group member and team it means leaders have the ability to
control their teams. Basically leaders is the term which describes the skills and talent of a person
to reduce their organization risk to attain their team goals it means leaders shows an individual
capacity to lead any formal or informal team. Whereas manger is the term who have the ability
to handle or manage all the formal formalities in any particular organization. In fact every
organization have their manager to coordinate all the activities which means the major role of the
manager is to assign right job to a right person (Lindstorm ,2012). Role and characteristics of a
manger and leader.
 Risk taker :- One of the main and foremost role and characteristics of the leaders
and manager is to have the ability to take risk at any level.

 Problem solver :- Leader and manger must always ready to face all the instant and
upcoming problems so they must know how to solve the problems.
 Act as a motivational tool :- leaders and manger both act as motivational tool for
their subordinates because they learn from them only weather right or wrong.
Some of the theories of the leadership styles are system based theory, contingency theory,
behavioral theory which main motive is to deal all the situation and activities of the enterprise
according to applicable theory. In fact these theory plays a major role in the functioning of a
manger and role of a leaders in an organization because they are liable for everything whatever is
going to happen in cited company. Last but not least these management theories of leadership is
a very effective tool for the betterment of an organization.
M 1 Comparison between role of leader and function of a manager
Role of a leader and function of a manager differentiate from each other at different
extent because of their skills and talent . Leaders plays a very effective role by controlling all the
risk and uncertainty which was going to happen in the organization. Whereas manager performs
all the essential functions for example planning, controlling , staffing and coordinating which is
very useful for the betterment of the organization. In fact leaders and manger both are a very
essential part of the organization to meet all the business needs and wants of their customers by6
achieving their company objectives( lofstrand ,2012).
Roles of a leaders :- Management of a team and try to cooperate between every member
of team by building positive relations with group members.
Functions of leaders:- One of a major function which is performed by leaders is to assist
team members towards their personal and professional goals by motivating them with the help of
enhancement programmers.
D 1 Evaluation of theories and approaches to leadership
Theories of leadership plays a major role in the management of operation because to deal
with all the upcoming problems and risk an organization must follow these theories. Theories are
especially made for the betterment of the business it means it shows the various paths to solve all
the different-different problems which comes while performing all the task and activities occurs

to meet the objectives of the business. Mainly theories consist of various appropriate substitutes
to deal with business issues. There are various theories which are available and can be used by
leader and one of the most important among them is situational theory. In this leader will be
required to manage all the activities on basis of the situation. It will be needed that situation shall
be analyzed and then decisions will be made in respect of it.
TASK 2
P 2 Role of a leader and function of a manger in a various situation
Leader and manger plays a very vital role in organization because somehow they are the
head of following team in an organization. In fact both have the responsibility of handling all the
situation which may occur in the enterprise.
Role of leaders
 Control their team by guiding them toward correct and appropriate path which
means leaders have the responsibility of showing correct path to their team
members.
 Try to solve all the upcoming and instant problems which may occur in cited
company
 Motivate their employees and team member to learn something new and
innovative to attain their organization goals and use the available opportunity.
 Act as inspiration for their team members by achieving awards.
Function of the manager
Manger plays a very effective function in an organization because they are liable for the
activities occurring in the organization.
 Planning is the first and foremost task of the manager through which they can
plan all the present and future plan to avoid mistakes
 Staffing means to assign a right job to a right person.

 Controlling means try to control all the upcoming risk and challenges which
coming in the organization while achieving their target.
 Coordinating means to coordinate all the activities happening in the organization
by doing a fair treatment between all the employees. Basically coordinating is the
term which describe the environment and a effective relation between higher
authority and supervisor.
Various situation which may occur in the organization:-
 Natural calamities :- natural calamities are uncertain thing which may happen
anytime so the major role and function of a leader and manager is to know how to
handle these natural disasters
 Availability of competitors :- Due to the advancement of technology there is a
lot of competitors may emerge to earn more and more profit which also one of
the major challenge for organization.
 Capital issue :- Capital is the backbone for every business that’s a company must
have sufficient fund to build their organization.
M 2 Strengths and weakness of the different approaches
All the essential approaches which was available in the business environment consist of
various advantages and disadvantages which might be occur( Karlsson , 2012). In fact
approaches are somehow very useful to meet all the needs and wants of their customers by using
various innovative ideas with the help of drastic reforms. In fact sometimes these approaches
have a negative impact on the business because of their inappropriate use which may harm their
customer as well as business also. In fact approaches are also act as a very effective tool for the
organization to achieve their business objectives.
D 2 Evaluation of applications of operations management and factors impact on business
environment
Business environment have a greater impact on the applications of the organization due
to their wider concept as it requires a lots of factors due to the emergence of various competitors
in the market. In fact to meet the business all the external and internal factors for example some

of the external factors are political factors, legal factors, socio-cultural whereas some of the
internal factors are stakeholders, shareholders, employees etc. which have a greater impact on the
business environment because of their wider concept.
P 3 various theories and models including situational, system, and contingency leadership
Theories are mainly made just to learn the leadership style more deeply or its just
substitute for M & S organization to handle the situation occurring in enterprise. Basically the
main motive of the theories is to describe the various path of leadership or different style of
leading any enterprise smoothly . Role of leadership and management functions have a very
drastic matter of every organization because of their broad nature. In fact with the help of
management theories an enterprise can easily learn how to deal with various situation which may
occur in cited company . For example emergency situation like any sudden accident of any
employees , natural disasters, fund issue etc. basically management theories consist of very broad
nature due to which challenges are also very broad.
Various management theories of leadership style are
 Situational theory :- Situational theory describes the overall situation of an
organization before taking any decision regarding any incident or activities. It
means that situational management theory is the term by which a manger can take
decision according to the situation . In fact situational theory covers all the
situation occurring in the enterprise.
 System based theory :- System based theory basically depend upon the policies of
the organization which means decision are taken on the basis of policies of the
cited company either bit was strict or lenient. So the major motive of this theory is
to deal with upcoming risk and uncertainty by following the rules and regulation
of an enterprise.
 Contingency theory :- Contingency theory is one of the main and foremost theory
of leadership style which describe the specialized skills of a leaders. In fact this
theory explain that leaders are made according to the situation which may occur
which means that contingency theory focused on the expertise in solving a

particular situation or task. In other words this theory express the skills and talent
of leader to deal with particular situation.
Last but not the least contingency theory act as a very effective in the management leadership
style because of their broad nature.
M 3 Leaders and mangers can improve efficiencies of operational management to meet business
objectives
Leaders and managers can easily improve all the efficiencies of operational management
by adopting various techniques of improvement with new and advanced policies of the
organization. In fact these leaders plays a very effective role in fulfilling all the needs of the
customers with the help of their team members by motivating them towards their particular goals
and targets.
P 4 Key approaches to operations management and the role of leaders and mangers
Key operations of the organization is the various useful things which are available in the
achieving of the organization goals and targets which means the effective process to produce
any product. To manufacture the essential goods and services an organization must go through
various indispensable paths to attain their organization goals.
Some of the important inputs which may required while producing goods or product for
their customers are :-
 Land :- Land is a one of the major key input which act as a very essential tool
while producing a product for their customers. It means that before producing a
product an organization must require an appropriate location to establish their
factory.
 Capital :- capital is a backbone for every organization because to arrange all the
essential resources fund must require as capital is a first resource to buy all the
required things. Before establishing any organization fund is a mandatory part for
their bright future.

 Labor :- labor is also one of the major key inputs because all the activities are
mange and control by the personnel management only so they are the basic of the
organization.
Leaders and mangers have the ability to do things differently to attain their organization target
which means these above key inputs are same for all organization but M & S believes in use
these key inputs in a different and unique style which is the major quality of this famous retail
enterprise.
Key operational approaches are lean production, total quality management which describes the
overall quality of the production process of an organization by which they can differentiate their
qualitative product from others. Other key approaches are just in time explains the production of
a product just in one time with full of quality, and the last approach is the continuous
improvement which shows the reforms which may occur in the products to attract their
customers with their creative ideas.
P 5 achievement of business objectives by operational management
Operation management is a very useful for M & S or for every organization to achieve
their organization goals and target because of their broad nature as it consist all the relevant
factors which comes under this management. In fact the main and foremost task of the
operational management is to handle all the upcoming challenges and risk by making effective
strategies for their business (Mill, 2007). As due to their various advantages operation
management act as a very effective for their bright future.
Some of the advantages of operation management are
 Creates awareness about new and innovative ideas of the products.
 Explain the appropriate procedure of making goods to satisfy their customer
needs and wants.
 Make available various substitutes.
 Main focus is to identify the taste and preferences of their customer to meet their
needs by earning more and more profit.

Some of essential and attractive value it adds to the success of the business by producing
qualitative product with the use of innovative and creative ideas which attract millions of
customers towards their products. Basically due to the operation management all the task are
arranged and assign in a appropriate manner to avoid wastage of fund and time which is very
essential for their business. To run their business smoothly M & S believes in reforming their
existing policies just to earn profit and goodwill as soon as possible.
To meet their business objective a cited company try to improve their operational
efficiencies by changing the present scenario by reforming their previous plans and actions by
making new and result oriented technique. Basically leaders and mangers plays a very effective
role in improving their operational efficiency to achieve the business objectives by adopting new
ideas to meet their customer needs and wants. The main and foremost tool of the business to
produce all the product according to the taste and preferences of their customer so that the
product was liked by the customers the main objectives of an organization is based on society
P 6components within the business environment by which operational management will be
affected
Due to the broad nature of operational management an organization influence by all the
existing internal and external factors within the business environment which means the decision
of the mangers and leaders have a greater impact because of these available factors (White ,
2016). Basically it describes the overall impact of the factors within business environment.
Some of the internal factors within business environment which have a greater impact are
 Employees :- Employees are one of the major internal factors within
environment because they are the resources which can pursue all the task and
activities to achieve their business goals.
 Higher authorities :- Policies or rules and regulations are made by the higher
authorities
 Investors :- Investors are also comes under the internal part of the business.
External factors are within business environment are :-

 Political factors :- Due to the changes in the ruling parties or amendment of
various acts business get affected.
 Legal factors :- legal formalities are mandatory for every organization before
establishing their business .
 Socio-cultural :- society plays a major role in the growth of the organization and
have a greater impact on operational management of an enterprise as most of the
business depend on the society only.
Some of the other external factors are
 Corporate social responsibility :- Corporate social responsibility express the
overall duty of a corporate world before manufacturing their product for the final
consumption. Social responsibility in corporate world explains the completion of
necessary things before dealing with other competitors.
 Business ethics :- mainly business ethics means complete all the possible
activities and task of the business by following all the relevant norms made by the
enterprise. In fact business ethics express the appropriate paths and route of
running business smoothly.
 Stakeholders :- Stakeholders are the members who invested their some of the
shares with existing business as investor for them to become a part of that
particular business. For example all the investors of the M & S enterprises are
their stakeholders.
M 4 elements which influence business surrounding
All the factors have a greater impact on the business environment because of their broad
nature and broad concept. As every factors have some sort of positivity and negativity which
influence the business environment in every manner as all the things are a part of the existing
business . Due to the emergence of new and advanced ideas the concept increase day by day
with the extra quality and opportunity in response to the business. In fact all the factors plays a
very eminent role in business environment. There are various factors which will be affecting the
environment and they are classified in two categories which are micro and macro factors.

CONCLUSION
This report consist of all the essential factors and matters which comes under operational
management and shows all the available techniques to solve the upcoming or instant challenges
which may occur in the business. In fact operational management have a broad concept due to
the availability of appropriate data and information which may require while production process.
It covers all the qualities of leaders or managers and their effective role or characteristics to
handle all the situation. In fact this report shows the key approaches which useful while
producing the product and describes the key inputs which may require while conversion of inputs
into outputs. In other words this report is all about explanation of all the things whatever is
indispensable while performing all the task and activities of the operational management