Analysis of Management and Operation in a Business Context

This report delves into the comparative analysis of leadership and management functions, using Marks & Spencer as a case study. It examines the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, emphasizing their contributions to effective operations. The report explores various leadership theories, including trait, contingency, and behavioral theories, and discusses their practical applications. Furthermore, it analyzes the significance of operational management, its approaches, and its impact on business efficiencies. The report also covers situational and contingency leadership, along with the strengths and weaknesses of different leadership approaches, providing a comprehensive overview of management and operational strategies. Finally, the report discusses factors impacting operation management and decision-making.

MANAGEMENT
AND OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager..............................................................1
Roles of a manager......................................................................................................................1
M1 Difference between the role of a leader and function of manager .......................................2
D1 Theories and approaches to leadership .................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 How the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply ............................................3
P3 Situational leadership,System leadership and contingency...................................................4
M2 Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches ..............................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P4 Approaches of operation management ..................................................................................5
P5 Significance and value of operational management..............................................................6
....................................................................................................................................................6
M3 Ways to improve efficiencies of operational management..................................................6
D2 Application of operations management ...............................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P6 Factors impacting operation management and decision making...........................................7
M4 Analysation of these elements affect business of cited enterprise......................................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
This study consist of comparative data which is related to management and function of
Mark & Spencer. In this, duties include of leaders and manager which is being mentioned in
several targets. The object of an organisation can better be achieved by the help to mangers and
leaders. In this report, study of leader and manger and their role in effective functioning in
operations as well as various aspects of them including traits and functions. Also it studies major
approaches and styles of leadership and their importance in value management. A leadership
how to affected in the organisation. Management of operations is essential for organisation in
order to maintain activities and practices that occur in company that directly and indirectly assist
in increasing revenues. This assignments studies its values and different aspects which is helpful
in administration of enterprises in industry.
TASK 1
P1 Roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Roles of a manager
Team developments : Team is essential for attaining success, manager need to select
people from various groups who can assist them in reaching their goals in short period of time.
A developed team to the much better use of the many individual who workplaces indecently it is
the process the responsibility to better performance results an individual.
Performance management: one of the main object to antis to various aspect to re coving
into the including proper training into the performance to analysis the makes developing
programs for set them. Manager should measure the performance of team members so they can
find their shortcoming and provide them training for resolving their problems.
Role of a leader
One of the main objectives of roles of leader not a lead the but is guides and improved the
traits a team of team as a friends it leader trace the members of his team to friendly and open
minded. The employ easily and the employee will tell him the problems to resolves the
problems.
Required at all level to the one is required in the every level of the enterprise . With the
build up the leader require to develop a sound plan for organisation specially at middle level
management. He need to introduce some plans who are effective at various levels, the leaders is
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requirements to to coordinates the level of the required to motivation and coordination's the
activities of the team of the members.
Features present in a leader and manager:
Manager mainly focus on process, he always try to develop a system which assist
organisation in achieving their set targets. A mangers of an enterprise always tries to avoids the
conflicts.
Leader, on the other hand, focuses on his/her vision. Short term goals are not his priority
and they start preparation for future goals before anyone even think about them. A leader always
tries to deals with the conflicts in the enterprise. A leader to lead to same people in the business
environments to achieving organisation goals.
M1 Difference between the role of a leader and function of manager
Leader Manager
 Leader is known for developing skills
which are present in the personality of
the team member.
 The leader always give priority to his
followers who are present in the
enterprise.
 The leader does the right things.
 The leader builds trust among the team
members.
 Leader can change the working style
which is popular at workplace.
 Leader motivate and inspire his/her
followers and ask them to enhance their
limit so they can complete more
challenges.
 Manager is the one who maintains the
qualities of his team.
 Manager focuses on the structure and
process of the enterprise.
 The manager of the enterprise does all
the things right.
 The manager mainly focus on
controlling the workers of organisation.
 Manager do not use their mind and give
his/her acceptance by following the
process that is present in a firm.
 Manager may avoid the hurdles and
concentrate on reaching simple targets.
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D1 Theories and approaches to leadership
Theories of leadership
 Traits theory: This theory states that a person can only become a leader if he/she
possess the necessary skills in his/her personality. In the person by tech in the personal
way to optima tic analysis the to understands theory various aspect of the necessaries to
becomes a successful leader goof confidences good decision making and understanding
to all problem in the organisation.
 Contingency theory: According to this concept, there is no single formula which can be
applied at the time of facing a challenge. A leader face various kind of difficulty so
he/she have to think about different solutions each time. He/she must possess capability
to cope up with the challenging situations which are present at workplace and try to
develop strategies according to the case.
 Behavioural theory: Behaviour of leader changes when they fight in tuff situations.
They mental level is significant in these moments and their social skills are play
significant role. This theory to taking a doing same qualities are required so that person
to wants to becomes a leaders
 Transactional approach : In this theory, manager do work relating to supervision. They
work as a leader and rewards the team members who perform well. But at the same
time they punish employees whose performance is below par.
TASK 2
P2 How the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply
 Set a clear vision : This is the primary task of leader to determines the
vision of organisation. This is duty of leader to set and determines vision of a
company and communicate the message with employee and employee in order to explain
ongoing and upcoming strategy and probable decision in order to meet those competitive
objectives of enterprise. They are essential bodies who establish a vision and helps in
achieving goals and objectives.
 Stimulate Worker : It is leader's roles and responsibility to motivate and stimulate
employees using various approaches and activities. Leader through appreciating and
promoting and undertaking other appreciation and rewarding techniques can motivate
their workers. Through this they can motivate their morals and values and boost their
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confidence and overall performance. They increase their work quality and manage
discipline in workplace.
 Main function which manager plays in company can be applied in several manners which
are below:
 Controlling : A manage monitor and control entire managements and activities that
occur in organisation in order to fluctuate all system and operation smoothly. This is aim
function of employer which is significant for administration of a company. They manage
internal environment and oversee over the behaviour and attribute of employee as well as
undertake all activities that is in practices and keep checking entire tasks which is
required management.
 Planning : This is an essential process which is undertake in each organisation which
refer top designing and building practices and strategies to meet organisation goals and
objectives and implement limited resource of company to achieve margin and
advantages. Planning assist company to penetrates market and execute
strategies more effectively to meet desired results.
 Leading : This is another function that a manager plays in company. A manager lead em
employee under the organisation in order to motivate and stimulate them to accomplish
the desired conclusion. A manager is a leader who communicate, create and interact with
worker and organization growth is directly depend upon them. Proper guidance
provide a path and enlarge team work activities.
P3 Situational leadership,System leadership and contingency
 This method of leading refer to ability of leader to change their styles of
leadership according various situation in company. Therefore, he keep catering new and
innovative changes in their methods and techniques of managing and monitoring various
aspects. They can vary in incompetents in such manners:
 Telling and directing : Leader determines company policies and terms and communicate
them with the employer of company. He is responsible for any changes and varies in
organisation culture and policies which can be occurred to meet needed results.

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 Coaching : Leader mus be able to vary in their coaching and session methods according
to situation and complex condition.
 Contingency Leadership : Under this approaches, it is argued that a leader must have
ability to take decision according different complex situation. They must have ability to
cop up with pressured condition and make best result to get probable decision.
M2 Strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
 Historical Techniques : the historical formula is the largest power that focus on the
characteristics of the leaders. This theory says that a person can only becomes a good
leader if she has same specific traits. Weakness of this theory is to believe that a leaders
is made only the persons can become a goods leaders who has same quality by believes
that the abilities can not be teach.
 Contemporary approach: This theory expands over the flexibility of the leader's work.
The weaknesses of this theory is the fact that task of a leader more complex. To improves
the all solutions of the aspect of main objectives. The weakness of study of the approach
to analysis the leaders work into organisation which is same aspect of the study.
TASK 3
P4 Approaches of operation management
Operation management : It is related to the activities which a company perform in their
organisation so they can produce goods or provide services to their customers. An effective
operation management can play significant role in getting some extra edge over other players of
the industry, it can assist firm in reducing cost or producing more items in less time. It is
essential in optimum utilisation of available resources so company can reduce wastage of funds
and target more consumers. The approach various aspect variety of goal to achieving into
operation managements to achievement of vision of successful. To performances to the goodwill
in to organisation to achieving the vision and mission to competitiveness the directly or
indirectly impact on the customers demand.
 Empirical approach: Under this concept, old experience of managers or workers is used.
Mark and Spencer can also utilise past management records which may contain internal
as well as external information about market.
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 Human behaviour approach : It is mainly connected to the human resource which is
present in cited organisation, leadership and managerial skills can be considered as its
important part.
 Social system approach : It is related to culture that is adopted by cited enterprise, leaders
can change it but in general case manager do not.
P5 Significance and value of operational management
Operational management is important in order to enhance the profit and reduce cost of
business operation. Cited organisation can attain their goals if they understand its values because
it will help them in solving various hurdles in short period of time and improve their overall
performance.
 Quality : It is one of the most important areas where every organisation has to focus. If
quality of their service and goods is better then they can capture more market in less
period of time. This will also improve their goodwill in the industry.
 Flexibility : Cited organisation should bring flexibility in their operations so they can
make products according to the demand of consumer which will help them satisfying the
need of more buyers.
 Dependency : Cited firm are increasing dependency of customers on their company
because other competitive enterprises do not provide same amenities but they can
manufacture products by considering demand of individuals.
Management system help in ascertaining the quality of goods and services which is
produced by an organisation. The main objectives of the the company is to reduce cost of
production. Maximum gain from the operation activity to the organisation.
M3 Ways to improve efficiencies of operational management
Managers as well as leaders contributes a significant role in improving the efficiency of
the operation management. They are people who coordinate sane facts various activities of the
organisation. Leadership style can effect to the productivity to the enterprise. The mangers who
set goals for there enterprise help to achieving better productivity to the organisation.
Management style can improve the production process by solving various issues faced by
employees and top level management. a servant leadership styles is the one of the which to
improved managers and leader to approach to empowers this employee same times and
encourages to the better employments.
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D2 Application of operations management
 Project management: This kind of management is adopted when firm need to complete a
task in specific time frame. It can be bit different from what they do on daily basis and
people from different department is needed under this activity. Focusing on a particular
project can improve quality of production and stop various hurdles at the point of its
generation.
 Quality control and inspection: Quality is the main feature of products of cited company.
It has to be maintained at any cost, this work can be done doing random or periodic
inspection. The quality control important part to coved in to task related into check the
quality of controlling that improvement than the operations and managements
 Equipment maintenance: Operation management can be used at the time of maintenance
of various equipments, it proper implementation and study can give surprising results.
The quality of the approach to achievement of same aspect and to maintenances the
approaches to requirement of the aspect of the ownership of the equipments maintains.
TASK 4
P6 Factors impacting operation management and decision making
The company's decision is making an impact on the others business enterprises its
services to decision making in regard to the innovative new idea and implementation to the
organisation. There are various factors that effect business of cited organisation.
Government policy : The most part and factors which affect the company that is related with the
changes in the policies to be more effective.
Organisation culture : Culture is considered as one of the significant factor that make a huge
impact on decision making process because it provide a pathway that is to be followed in order
to reach a target. Leaders can change the existing culture it will take time. If they have a positive
culture than they can attain their goals in predetermined time. But if there is a negatively than
they can bring the complexity in the whole process.
M4 Analysation of these elements affect business of cited enterprise
On the basic factors to analysis the business of mark and Spencer's achievement of the factors to
the determines and set to same target to achieving organisational goals. They factors can improve
their production efficiency but they also have capacity to make negative impact. It is also
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significant at the time of taking decisions related to expansion of business by evaluating above
mentioned factors. The company want to the evolution of organisation and achieving proper
evaluations of the factors to adopt same facts and figures into the company. Likes fill same
factors to change into the activity of the operation management factors to consideration to the
enterprise to adopt same risk to be analysis and factors to innovation and curative same idea to
the enterprise. To following point to creates same factors to operation activity finding into the
operation managements.
 Risk analysis : Risk is a part of every business, if it is evaluated properly than chances of
facing uncertainties can minimise. Cited organisation can implement various changes
gradually if they ascertain risks in right time. Increasing the various aspect same facts and
minders to the factors which is effecting the organisation to achieve business success,
purpose of same facts to facts on the risk managements
 Management of Method analysis: Cited organisation use it when they try to launch new
product in market, it can be done by using appropriate techniques of communication.
Operational strategy : It is a task done by top level management. The operation engagement to
activity to be done into the organisation activity to same factors to divining into the factors to be
effected into the organisation for achievement of same factors that is being affected by the
business environments to achieve same goals and objectives.
CONCLUSION
Above this report this analysis details of entire operations of M & S. After this study they
it can be concluded that the mangers and leaders affect to the activities of the enterprise and
leaders approaches of study to analysis his work to dividing to situational to adopt same facts and
approaches can enlarge or modify the opportunities to set targets to achieve objectives of the
organisation. A leadership can change the environments and set of same target in the
organisation. Under this report, analysis also discriminable the better performance of mangers
and leaders and they both play an importance part to meet goals and aims of organization.
Situational leadership is described in the study in which ways of major attribute which there
should be managers business are also mentioned. Betterments of the company and achieving
changes the work in to the process.
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