Applying Leadership Theories: Paul Food Shop Case Analysis Report

This report examines leadership and operational management within the context of Paul Food Shop, a local food shop in Hitching. It begins by differentiating between leaders and managers, highlighting their distinct roles and responsibilities. The report then applies various leadership theories and models, including situational, system, and contingency leadership, to the case study, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses in relation to the business's operational environment. The analysis extends to the key approaches in operational management, emphasizing the importance of effective leadership in achieving business objectives. The report also considers how leaders and managers can enhance operational efficiency and decision-making. Through this detailed analysis, the report aims to provide insights into effective leadership strategies and their impact on operational success within the Paul Food Shop.

Management and
operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 (Case problem): chosen business is Paul Food Shop (A Local Food shop in Hitching):.....................3
a)Leader and manager:...........................................................................................................................3
b)Examples of leaders and managers to make clear difference about this issue: ..................................4
c)Application of theories and models of leadership (M1, M2 and D1)...................................................4
Task 02: (Case Problem same as task 01)....................................................................................................8
A. )The key approaches to operation management and a various role of manager and leader..................8
B) Importance and values of operation management to achieve business objectives:........................10
C how leader and manager of Starbucks can improve a effectively of operational management. (M3)
..............................................................................................................................................................10
Task 3.........................................................................................................................................................12
A The factors within the business environment that impact upon operational management and
decision-making by leaders and managers...........................................................................................12
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is known as the administration of organist ion practices that
create highest level of efficiency within the firm. It work is related to the converting of raw
material in the useful of product the present report is based on the Paul food shop which is a
local food shop in Hitching. This report covers different type of leadership style with the context
to the organization. Along with this, different theory and models are applied in respect to the
Paul food shop. Apart from this, Strengthen and weakness of different approaches related to
different situation at the workplace is assess.
TASK 1 (Case problem): chosen business is Paul Food Shop (A Local Food shop
in Hitching):
a) Leader and manager:
In general, most of the time we make mix and match with the term of leader and managers
while both have some similarity but there are many differences that clearly separates these two
terms.
Manager is the person who is responsible for management by the task that is given to him or her
and manager will try to reach the goals and objectives of the task with the planning and
according to the budget or financial term that given for the task. Manager should have problem
solving skills, managing the people, staffing, organizing skills and controlling skills.
On the other hand, Leader is a person who consisting a set of skills and activities like direction,
aligning people, motivating the people and inspiring them to reach the highest level of success
(Kotter, 2001). Leaders in a business organization takes their responsibilities of their own
mistakes, they inspire the people that they are working with, diversify their works into the people
and take the other responsibilities to work as a team.
Roles of leaders and managers:
Leader’ role Manager’s role
Leaders are innovative Managers are administrators
Leader plays developer’s role Managers maintains the development
Leaders gives more focus on people Managers gives focuses on system
Leaders are relying to inspire trust. Managers are believing on control
Leaders are running with long and wide
range of view
Managers are running with short range of
view
Leaders tries to find the answer of the
question of what and why
Managers tries to find the answer of the
question of how and when (Kitterman, 2006).
Leaders eyes are always on horizontal line Managers eyes are always to keep on bottom
line
Leaders are not imitating they are
originating
Managers are imitating
Leaders take the task as a challenge Managers accept the task as status quo
Leaders do the right things Managers do the things right
Leader is more flexible Managers are not flexible

b) Examples of leaders and managers to make clear difference about this issue:
Management is the package of some process to function the organization. It helps them to
do the task within the timeframe like daily tasks. It comes with a big process like planning,
budgeting, staffing, identifying job responsibilities, performance management etc.
On the other hand, leader is completely different from the manager. Leaders helps people to fix
the and show the vision of their work and the organization itself. Leaders helps to increase the
communication level, motivation process and inspiration to the people or staff that are working
with to reach the goals and objectives of the business (Radcliffe, 2013).
For example: Bill Gates, the Chairman of Microsoft. He is leading the brand from in front. He is
inspiring and a motivational person for not only the Microsoft but also for the whole world. He is
one of the perfect example of the leaders.
For this assignment, the business is chosen under the name of Paul food shop and to run this
business management need to have the leadership skill to make a solid combination to implement
the planning of the business.
Managers of Paul Food shop need to make effective employee management and to do this they
need to practice the leadership approach to make motivational programs to keep their employees
motivating and goal oriented to reach the business goals and objectives. To do the effective
employee and performance management managers should understand the demand and need of
employees and the capacity of the employees to perform the roles that they are playing to do that
they should adopt the leadership skill to understand these issues and select the best training and
selection program and the motivational activities to the employees to make them goal oriented to
reach the business goals and objectives
Basically, managers task to organize and manage the issue but for the Paul food shop managers
need to make combination and coordination of wok and not only describe or clear the process to
the employees but also need to give proper direction to the employees to reach the goals and
objectives for them.
As a small business, Paul food shop’s budget is small but their resource is small too so managers
need to play leadership roles to organize and make solid planning to do the effective budget and
ensure the path to implement the budget and make effective progress for the business
Managers task is to give more focus on the system but for the managers of Paul food shop they
should ensure to give more focus on employees because employees are most important resources
of the business and managers need to make solid contribution to make them goal oriented to
improve the productivity and profit margin for the Paul food shop.
c) Application of theories and models of leadership (M1, M2 and D1)
There are some models need to describe to get clear ideas about the suitable leadership for the
following food business. The most discussed leadership models and theories are-
Situational leadership

System leadership
Contingency leadership
Situational leadership:
Situational leadership is the theory that first introduced by Dr. Paul Hersey in late 1960’s. he
identifies that this is one of the strongest model that helps leader to enable different flexibility.
He identifies that situational leadership model is mainly based on the relationship among the
leader and his or her followers that work in a framework to defines each situation.
Situational leadership defines the amount of the direction that given a leader on certain task to
the followers. Also, it involves the amount of social support that provides to the followers by the
leaders, the inspiration, motivation level that helps followers to become task oriented to reach the
overall goals and objectives of that certain tasks on certain situation.
There are four core elements of Situational leadership. These are-
Diagnose
Adapt
Communicate
Advance
Diagnose:
This part helps to understand and determine the exact situation that the organization creates and
need to make out most from the situation and it helps to identify the influences that need to have
Adapt:
Adapting or adjusting the behavior according to the situation and giving proper response on the
time is the main part of this adapt
Communicate:
This is the communicational part that helps to make interaction with each other like leaders and
followers to understand the situation and the influences and impacts of the work.
Advance:
This is the last element or steps and it defines to manage and control over the all process to
achieve the goals and objectives of the tasks.
So, this Situational leadership helps leaders to understand the relation among the leadership and
the followers that helps to control and set the behavior and make them to the task oriented to
reach the highest level of success
Benefits or advantages of this Situational leadership:

There are many benefits or advantages of this Situational leadership. These are
This Situational leadership helps to maintain the smooth awareness level of the situation by
leaders and followers
Situational leadership proves that it helps to maintain one of the highly and effective
communication among the leaders and followers
Situational leadership helps to make strong people engagement
Situational leadership helps to increase productivity level of the leaders and followers.
Situational leadership helps to understand and control the behavioral change on the progress
time.
Weaknesses of the Situational leadership:
One of the most weakness point of this theory is that when it applies on the inexpert management
condition it can creates confusion within the employees and supervisor because of the behavioral
fact.

System Leadership:
System Leadership is another leadership model that can be defining as the leadership that
covers all the organizational boundaries, that includes individual roles and responsibilities, it
meets the organizational cultural demand and the cultures of the stakeholders for the
organization and perform without the management control over it.
This System Leadership is not easy to adopt but the number of understanding on this
model is increasing day by day because managers and the leaders from big organization and
parties are getting to understand about this leadership style.
There are six major dimensions of this System Leadership. These are-
Ways of feeling
Ways of perceiving
Ways of thinking
Ways of relating
Ways of doing
Ways of being
Ways of feeling:
This dimension is describing the personal values on the leader on the organization or any
different perspectives. So, it helps to determine the personal values that how much it strong or
weak that helps to take any further steps on planning and implementing the plan
Ways of perceiving:
This dimension helps to describe the three important issues like listening, observing and
the understanding on any issue in the organization. It is must to listen carefully the issue and then
need to observe the issues and understand the process to make success of any issues.
Ways of thinking:
This is a part that helps to identify the way to analyzing the issue. To find out the best
way to analyze any issue is describing on this dimension because leaders need to clear about
their way of thinking before start thinking on the topics
Ways of relating:

After finding the ways of thinking now the to make relation of the thinking like the
support materials and resources. It describes the coordination between the resources to enable to
support the team and individual
Ways of doing:
This is the dimension that helps to identify the ways of doing the task and it also shows
the changes on the working time.
Ways of being:
It helps to develop and measure the personal qualities what helps a leader to support his
followers in an advance way to reach the goals and objectives
Contingency leadership
Robert and Richard introduces their developed leadership style in 1957 that is known and
this model describes the term that, leadership is become more relation oriented to their followers
or the staffs of the organization and it shows less task oriented than producing the strong
relationship between the leader and followers.
After that in mid 1960s’ The Fiedler Contingency model comes to in front and he
identifies that none of the models are working to the leaders until the leaders can understand and
determine the situation.
This theory shows the parameters to understand the leadership and make it better. This
model defines that leaders should have the best personal approach or relationship style to meet
and make relation with people what can work on any poor structured organization too. So, it
focuses on the relationship ability of the leaders on real time according to the understanding of
situation. This theory is more flexible than the other theories because it tries to match with the
situational theory. It describes that how leaders can make good relation, understand the issues
and make control over process at a same time.
Task 02: (Case Problem same as task 01)
A. )The key approaches to operation management and a various role of manager and
leader
Operational managements are involving with different but all are important approaches
and relates with each on the same time. To ensure to run an efficient and successful operations
management the following things should be monitored on all the time.
There are some significant approaches of operational management that plays vital role to
process the operation management on the business. These are-

Total quality management helps to describe the approach of management operation as a long-
term process and success by managing the customer satisfaction. In this approach, whole process
of the organization make contribution to improve the service, product process, culture of the
business. There are some principle of total quality management that helps to identify the
satisfaction issue of the customers. These are
Customer focused- to understand the customer needs and demand
Total employee involvement to make effective use of planning
Process-centered helps to manage the process of all internal and external activates
Strategic and systematic approach to fulfil customer demand and expectation
Understanding different situation to make decision
Strong communication between management and employees and suppliers and business to
customers
Six Sigma Approach:
This is one of the most important approach to define the management operation. Define,
measure, analyses, improve and control that make the six-sigma approach.
This approach helps to define the purpose of the project or the business and the scopes.
So, it helps to identify the process of improvement for the business to understand the customer
demand and the benefits for the business by making positive approach to fulfil these demand
This six-sigma approach helps to set and identify the baseline of the business. Also, it
helps to make the document from the starting point for the business to understand the market and
customer demand on the business. So, it helps business to recognize the place they need to
improve and helps to set the process
Then this approach helps to analyze the position of the relationship among the functions
and the internal and external factors of the business. So, it helps business to understand the
capacity of the employees and the business itself to perform on the market
This approach helps to modify the process improve the process to reach the goals and
objectives of the business and planning. Also, identifies the potentials that need to generate on
the process to improve the service of the business
Control is the final fact of six-sigma approach it describes the process to monitor and
control whole process that helps to identify any barriers on the process and make effective
decision against these to run the effective process to reach the goals and objectives of the plan
The right quality need to ensure by the management before start the production. Because
when the company is going on with their existing product for a long time so it means it’s become
reliable to customers so they should have ensured the quality of that product on all the time.

Right amount of the quantity to produce. Before start production management should ensure the
exact figure of customer demand according to the pricing and the company’s affordability and
the adaptability of production house including employees and materials.
B) Importance and values of operation management to achieve business
objectives:
By practicing good and efficient leadership and management business gets the most
benefits of it. As a food business, it must to ensure the better leadership and management to
increase productivity for the business. Such as-
Improve business performance:
Better operation management helps to improve business performance. To do the better
operation management managers need have better quality to plan, manage, monitor and control
the whole process. Qualified and skillful managers can prove more innovative to introduce new
and effective way to process and control the operation management.
On the other hand, skilled leaders can understand the situation and provides the best initiatives to
solve the situation or handle the situation. Also, they inspire the employees relates with operation
management to help them to work efficiently what proves more success for the business-like
food industry
Improve employee performance:
Better operational management helps to improve employee performance. Because-
Management monitoring the whole employees by doing performance management.
Performance management helps to improve employees’ skills. It helps management to
understand the strength and weaknesses of employees individually so they can take steps to fulfil
the gap. So, ultimately it helps employees to increase their skills.
On the other hand, leaders help to make employee engagement and employees wellbeing.
Employee engagement makes employees more goal oriented that helps to increase productivity
and employee’s wellbeing helps to get the employees’ rights and benefits so they get motivation
with these that helps to improve their performance on worktime.
Reduce the cost:
Better management and leadership helps business to reduce its production cost. Because it helps
to identify the problems or barriers immediately and helps to solve the barriers immediately that
helps to run the process smoothly so reduce the interruption costs.
C how leader and manager of Starbucks can improve a effectively of operational
management. (M3)
Operations management:
Operation management is the part of management that describes the terms and processes
of designing and the controlling the whole process of production of the business goods and
services and it finish to the process to hand over to customers and even sometimes it monitors

the feedback of the customers about the products and services. This is the main responsibility of
the management to monitor and processed this operation management to reach the efficiency and
the success of the business (Behrman, 2013). This is the process and management that converts
the people and materials or equipment’s of the business in to the products and services. It helps
to reach the higher efficiency to get successful on real time.
Also, the major elements of this operation management are-
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. controlling
planning defines the decision-making stage for any coming or ongoing products or services. For
the case of food business, it’s very essential to make plan for a long time that how the business
will operate and how it will interact with the customers. Because, in food sector there is always
chance to do product development. Also, the market development on the same time. So, it is very
crucial for business to understand the customer need and set the production according to their
demand. Also, it helps them to make planning to their business policies, procedures and helps to
set the goals and objectives for a time. It helps them to reach the goals and objectives of the
business on more efficient way.
Organizing can be define is the second part that comes after planning. After fixing the plan the
time is to organize the whole process to reach the goals and objectives of the business. For food
business, it helps to increase the productivity and the net revenue for the business. This
organizing is including the tasks like how the operation should be process. So, its comes a flow
and need to aware to all the staffs to adapt the system. In this part responsibilities are given as a
job to individual and the team basis to help to do efficient production.
Controlling is the third elements of the Operation management. In this part, all the process is
monitored and controlled by the management to ensure the whole process is going on without
any barriers. If any barriers come it helps to make problem solving acts immediately by
monitoring and controlling the whole process. It helps to make strong relations between
management and staffs.
The role of the managers:
The major roles of managers on operation management are-
 Managers takes the responsibility of the production to ensure the better products and
services
 To make the plan about how the process will have done
 Decision making

 Monitoring the whole process
 Provides the initiatives and helps when it necessary
 Problem solving ideas
 Performance management.
 Controlling the process
Task 3
A The factors within the business environment that impact upon operational
management and decision-making by leaders and managers
There are two different factors that impacts on operation management and decision making are-
 Internal factors
 External factors
Internal factors:
There are some internal factors in business that has impacts on operation management.
The role of the leadership in the business is a key factor that ha direct impact on operation
management and the decision making. Because the leadership style need to suit with the
organization criteria and the process that they are following. So, for this food business it’s
important to have the positive leadership approach to run the operation management
successfully. The leadership skill should be friendlier, effectiveness with the understanding of
the situation, better communication, practice of good organizational culture helps business to
progress more positive and progressive way
Employees are the main resources and key of success for any organization. So, for this
food business need to understand the employees demand and need to recognize the strength and
the weaknesses of the employees in the workplace. So, it helps management to understand the
lacking and the effectiveness of each employees and helps to recruit the employees with the skill
that the business is looking for.
By this manager can arrange the training or development programs to make the employees skills
better and, they arrange and give the motivational activities to help semi-skilled and un skilled
employees to make more skillful. It helps them to manage the high performance on worktime.
Also, there are some other factors that have impact on decision making and operation
management, these are-
 Planning
 Resources
 Processes