Leadership and Management Roles: A Comparative Analysis Report

This report offers a comprehensive comparison of the roles of leaders and managers, exploring their distinct functions within an organizational context. It delves into the differences in focus, approach, and relationship-building between leaders and managers, illustrating how they handle various situations such as conflict and employee turnover. The report also analyzes different leadership models, including classical management theory, system approach, situational leadership, and contingency approach, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, it examines the central plans of operation administration, emphasizing the importance of designing, planning, managing, and coordinating within an enterprise, with a focus on Marks and Spencer. The report concludes by evaluating the components within the enterprise situation that impact functional administration and decision-making by leadership and directors.

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P.1 Comparing the roles of leader and manager.....................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
P.2. Function of a manager and leader in various situations..................................................2
P.3. Utilize various explanations and models of strategy conditional leadership, method
leadership and contingency....................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4
P.4. Excuse the central plan of attacks of operation administration and the function of the
leader and manager show with remark to the chose enterprise..............................................4
P.5. Grandness and worth of Operation Administration in Achieving Enterprise Impersonal
with particular remark:...........................................................................................................6
TASK 4...................................................................................................................................7
P.6. Evaluate the components within the enterprise situation that striking upon functional
administration and decision-making by leadership and directors with remark to chosen
corporation:.............................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Management is considered as a process of managing and controlling all the operations
and functionality of the organisation in a more efficient manner. It can be a small, medium or
large business; management is a very essential part of it as this helps in proper functioning of
things and specifications. An organisation is said to be composed of different bodies with
different responsibilities while keeping a focus on achieving all the objectives of the company.
The report is about discussing the responsibilities of the two bodies, manager and leader and
also, it covers various different situation's of an organisation and the way they deal with it in
Marks and Spencer
TASK 1
P.1 Comparing the roles of leader and manager
Leader:
A leader is considered as a person that works on specified goals and objectives and is
understandable enough to manage all the employees as well as operations of the company.
Although a leader is classified as quite dominant but this quality of a leader is essential enough
for having a control over situations (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland, 2013).
Manager:
A manager is considered as that authority who is known to have control over a specific
group or team. The employees working under a manager have to report to the manager regarding
the details of some operation or service ongoing.
The comparison between both is discussed as under:
Focus:
Manager: goals; Leader: vision
A comparison can be done between a leader and a manager on the basis of their targets. It
is being said that the leader works along with keeping a focus and vision whereas in case of a
manager, it focuses on completing the goals, no matter how many strategies have to eb involved.
Leaders: unique; Managers: copy
The difference between a leader and a manager is that a leader has the capability of
thinking unique about new and different ways which they can involve so that they can attain
better and efficient changes but managers have a habit of copying (Alejandro and et.al., 2011) It
means that they always follow the same path that other managers are doing. They cannot think

out of the path because they want to attain goals only, it does not matter for them to think, plan
and stargaze.
Leaders: make relationship and interactions; Managers: don't
Another very common divergence between a leader and a manager is that a leader always
knows how to maintain work along with the relationships but managers do not care. They only
want to do the business. After that they do not think of making any interactions and relationships
with other employees. But a leader always manages work with interactions because he knows
that interaction is very important at workplace because if employees will stay happy, then they
can focus better on the work and it will further assist the organisation in accomplishing all the
marks and aims.
TASK 2
P.2. Function of a manager and leader in various situations
In an organisation, as there are many good and happier situations, but at the same time
there are some complicated situations as well. The leader and manager should be efficient
enough that they can manage whatever the situation is. Different types of situations are as under:
Conflict situations
There come various times in Mark and Spencer when they had to face some conflicting
situations. In these types of situations, the role of a leader is to investigate some ways by which it
can get controlled (Puccio, Mance and Murdock, 2010). On the other side, the target of a
manager is only about achieving the objectives of the company, whether for that various
strategies have to be involved etc. It is quite different because a leader tries to manage the
relationships with other employees as well whereas a manager actually does not care of making
relationships, instead they keep their focus on achieving targets.
Employee turnover
Any company can face employee turnover and it is quite common for some time. There
may be various factors that are responsible for it such as the company not providing efficient
increments and incentives to the employees. So, Marks and Spencer should focus on
investigating ways by which they can provide some sort of motivation to the employees such as
increments, incentives, extra leaves etc. Some sort of increments and incentives can help in
providing motivation and confidence to the employees by which they can stay focused towards
the work and help the company in achieving the targets and goals (Solansky, 2010).

P.3. Utilize various explanations and models of strategy conditional leadership, method
leadership and contingency
Classical management theory:
The classical management theory was introduced in 19th century. As an organisation was
trying to solve their company issue such as including specialization, efficiency, higher quality,
management worker relationship and cost reduction etc. Classical management theory in the
modern world, there are many small business owners are applying this theory to boost up their
business and make them success. United of the clear benefit of classical administration theory
has a limpid organisational series to management with 3 well-defined administration level. All
administration abstraction has its own responsibilities and objectives. The upper administration
normally committee of director and primary administrator they will always liable for the goal of
the company. This approach will help to boost up leadership and management functions.
System approach:
System plan of attack is dependent on the assumption that all thing is interlinked
attendant to an organisation. A company scheme has an extremity that ascertain that which
section are interior and which are exterior. In the system strategy, attention is compensated in
front of the whole powerfulness of the method (entire firm) rather than the powerfulness of the
sub-system (specific department of the firm). Leader gives effective leadership to all its
subordinates not only to specific people. By doing so it ensured that entire system that is in
organisation is working properly. In system there is superior and subordinate relationship in
form of hierarchy. Leaders give strong and balanced leadership to their subordinates which are
manager at middle level of management. This ensured that those working at lower level will
work properly and in this way, system approach help leaders in performing their function in
proper manner.
Situational leadership approach: Situational leadership style define that no particular
one leadership approach is the best in the organisation. This approach is totally depending on the
situational approach at the workplace in which the leader finds out the best suit out situation to
strategy implementation on work and according to them they make their decision. According to
this situation the best leadership style is that in which leader of Mark and Spencer company can
adopt situation at the workplace and they make decision in favour of the organisation while
mentioning situation of the company in mind. Thus, this approach helps Mark and Spencer

organisation in order to accomplishment of their organisational goals and objectives in more
effective manner.
Contingency approach:
In this approach it is stated that leaders should take such decisions involving variety of
factors. According to change in situation leader must change way in which he treats his followers
(Lindegaard, 2010). Apart from this, managers of Mark and Spencer company should use this
concept which involves minimal usage of resources in different situations. By doing so resources
can be managed properly in the business.
Strengths: It involves high worker productivity and many procedures which helps in
improved understanding of the management aspect of a company (Michael, Denney, and
Rutherford, 2011). Contingency management implies flexibility as a part of management style.
This analytical approach provides concrete data that will assist managers and leaders of Mark
and Spencer to develop decision-making.
Weaknesses: Thee weakness specifically implies job dissatisfaction by the employee and
there is a scope of ambivalence between employees and managers. The misuse of power and
internal dissatisfaction demotivate the employees. The difference in understanding of different
people is not easily predictable. The slower decision-making process also have an adverse effect
on the employees. Contingency leadership theory is basically an extension of the trait theory of
leadership, where human traits are combined with the work environment. Contingency model of
leadership is based on kinship among the leader and employees.
TASK 3
P.4. Excuse the central plan of attacks of operation administration and the function of the leader
and manager show with remark to the chose enterprise
An introduction to the key operation of the organization: Designing: Designing is the basic pace of good improvement in which includes the
various components that defines the quality of an item that should be sold (Lindegaard,
2010). It implies product designing and colour which helps in product positioning in the
market. Planning: Planning is united of the essential purpose of administration that is done by the
upper level manager with the target to best optimally utilize their resources. In the for
instance change in the demand can be increase or decrease.

 Managing: Managing is another key function of operation management in which team
work is very essential and important part to successful operation management.
(Lindegaard, 2010). The top administration of an organization pulls off the scheme
through worker stimulation which is more impelling in betterment and batter execution. It
includes grooming, culture and leadership. Coordinating: Coordinating is the next step of the operation management that helps to
coordinate with several goals of the workers with the staff and operational unit of firm. It
is two type of incorporation report to your manager which in horizontal and vertical form
within your team member and corporation.
Detail of the All the Central Functional: The Central Role and Obligations of Administrator in Operational Function:
Operation manager play an important role in managing both personal and raw material
sector of a company. Policy Formulation: The operation manger is responsible to formulate policies for the
organisation. His role is to operate on the set aspects on regular basis. These could
include how several departments are in the firm and how they can be communicated and
cooperate with each other. A leader can choose a unique manner to make a reliable and
favourable for both employee and company both. Planning: This is another major concept for operations manager for planning of several
operational sector and activities and properly managing them. He has to determine that
which product are targeted to be bought and sold and in what prices they should be
bought and sold plus with whom manufactured produced would be marketed. This is also
a responsibility of operations manager. A leader can think differently to make proper
planning according to circumstances of the firm and favourable decision to the business. Financial Management: An operation manager is responsible for planning companies
budget, lower the cost, of raw materials and keep a track on the organisation's financial
status. A leader makes a crucial decision in the critical situation of the company and
change the decision track as favourable for the company and they can manage the supply
chain and other resources in terms of minimising the cost of the company.
The key functional approach to operation administration:

 Lean manufacture: Lean manufacturing is the method in which the management keep
checking out waste while they are ensuring the quality of the production (Solansky,
2010). In these approach manager applies this in all the aspect of the business activities
like designing through production to distribution of the product. A leader and manager of
Mark and Spencer must make sure about quality of the products and changing them
frequently to make good quality and also utilize the resources in the other productions. Total Quality Management: Whole quality administration approach describe an
administration technique to extended time period occurrence of the company through
satisfying customer (CTI Reviews., 2016). TQM seeks to develop relationship which
enhances the quality and helps in satisfying customer needs in the firm. A leader and
manager should be developing their production quality according to the customer
feedback on the products and modify them at the stage of customer satisfaction level. Just in time: It is an inventory strategy to company's employee raise productivity and
minimize waste by receiving goods only as they are required in the production process, a
leader and a manager is supposed to apply just in time strategy to increase the
productivity and quality of the product and reduce the waste and utilize them on their
relevant substitute to new product development.
 Continuous improvement: In this approach business professionals frequently analysing
their process to identify the problems and eliminating them (Steve Brown, Bessant, and
Lamming, 2013). They can do this by small changes instead of implementing on large
scale options. Company leader and manager take action to reduce defects, remove that
activities that are not productive for the business and ensure the improvement in customer
satisfaction.
P.5. Grandness and worth of Operation Administration in Achieving Enterprise Impersonal with
particular remark:
The Importance of Operation Management: A manger is responsible for performing
operations in a company. He helps in improvisation of the productivity and maximisation of
profit which helps a company to grow financially (White, 2016). Operation management is a
crucial management activity which involves planning, organising, and controlling. Operation
managers add value to new product, helps in product innovation and development, product
expansion and complementary product that will help to increase the productivity and quality of

the products and achieve business objectives easily (Han, and Jekel, 2011). Operation efficiency
can be improved by providing batter goods and services to the customer they possibly can.
Improve the organization's supply chain management of the company and understand the other
markets of competitive organization, who they are providing the best product in the market and
by reducing the cost such as tabor, traffic, taxes etc. will help to accomplish the business goals
and objectives of the business. A leader and manager of Mark and Spencer organisation must
improve are responsible to improve the productivity by providing right training to the workers.
They are responsible to manage inventory at their stores. They also help employees by providing
recognition and rewards as and when necessary.
TASK 4
P.6. Evaluate the components within the enterprise situation that striking upon functional
administration and decision-making by leadership and directors with remark to chosen
corporation:
There are some factors that have an influence on the functional administration and
decision making by leadership and directors and it can be well explained with the help of PEST
analysis. It is discussed as under :
Political:
As various number of rules and policies are being released by the government such as for
maintaining proper health and safety etc. Thus Marks and Spencer should ensure to involve all
the processes in a way that can help in maintaining the same, otherwise it might have to pay
penalties or suffer in the market place as well.
Economical:
Sometimes different situations come in the market and a very common example of this
can be termed as recession. Also, the whole outlook of the economic factors seems much
uncertain, so this can effect the overall sales of the company. So, Marks and Spencer can involve
various ways so that they can stay prevented from any such changes.
Social
There are various factors that Marks and Spencer should ensure because there are various
other brands who for maintaining a sort of attraction involves various offers etc. So, Marks and

Spencer can get affected by it. Therefore, it is important that the organisation also involves some
attractive ways to keep maintain its presence in the social sector.
Technological:
Technology plays a very important role as it has given various advancements in different
sectors. So, Marks and Spencer can also involve some technological measures for functioning.
As they can promote by various means etc. thus it can prove as a beneficial factor for the
company to gain a huge rate of productivity as well as popularity.
Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR): CSR defines company's initiatives to evaluate
and undertake the responsibility of company's social well-being. (Solansky, 2010). Both leaders
and managers are required to take care of their both social and corporate responsibilities that
must be involved in short term cost for the improvement of their nearby climate. Also,
improvement of social responsibilities of the company will lead to create a long term effect on
people and their minds by promoting a positive social and environmental change. The
community and climate also effect on the decision-making process of leaders and managers
along with operation management. In case they are not operating their business in an appropriate
way, then they can take action in opposite to the firm.
Businesses Ethics: Business ethics is a function that provide a manner in which the
business should behave. A leader and manager must know to run their corporation in ethical way
to identify what is right and wrong to make a right choice for all. (Kalargyrou, Pescosolido and
Kalargiros, 2012). It is easily identified that the ethical issue to a company and its leader make
sure there are is no unlawful and unethical activities in their organization. They create a negative
impact on their employees as well as company's value. By business ethics of the company, they
can impact on the decision making process of a manager and leader along with the operation
management of the firm.
Stakeholder: A stakeholder is anyone individual person in organization that is affected
by the activities of business. They might have direct and indirect impact in the business and may
be connected with the business on daily basis activities (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland,
2013). Examples of stakeholder such as employee, customer, suppliers, financiers, families and
the community in which the company is located. They all are make a striking on the business
activity, procedure administration of the company and conclusion making of the manager by the

various terms. They have different-different right to use make a big impact on the firm and
leader decision.
CONCLUSION
The above report has analysed the responsibility of managers as well as leader to
administrate the activities of the organisation in a suitable way. They are obligatory to take
efficient decision in terms of benefiting the enterprise. Which a manager and leader of Mark and
Spencer help to identify the problems and issues in the business and also help to resolve those
effortlessly. It has together discoursed upon the roles and functions of leaders and managers that
they must follow to operate the business in an appropriate way.

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