Management and Operation: Leader and Manager Roles Report

This report delves into the crucial aspects of management and operation within a business context. It begins by differentiating between the roles of leaders and managers, emphasizing their respective functions in guiding employees, making decisions, and achieving organizational goals. The report then explores various leadership theories and models, including situational leadership, system leadership, and contingency theory, illustrating their application in different business scenarios. Furthermore, it examines key approaches to operation management, such as total quality management, Six Sigma, stock management, and ERP systems, highlighting their significance in enhancing efficiency and effectiveness. The report uses examples from M&S Ltd. to illustrate the practical application of these concepts, providing a comprehensive overview of leadership, management, and operational strategies.

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATION

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation are the essential element of the business without the operation
the business are design and activity while the operation are not conducted. This terms are
correlated with each other and both are required the take place in the business. This present
report are present the management and leadership activity in the business. It described the
characteristic of leader and manager are play an essential role in the business operation for
different situation in the business. It also throwing the importance of value in the business for
acquiring the operation activity in the business. It also concludes activity that are related to
business operation and business activity.
TASK 1
LO1 Role of leader and function of manager
Leader is the person who influence the follower and employees for completing the task
and achieving the goal of business. They leading the people and influence and motivate and give
the direction to achieving the target in the business.
 Required at each level – leadership is the skill that require the all level of management it
relates and hierarchy to the top level to lower level in the business(Moghaddam, Seifi,and
Niknam, 2012). The leader can take decision to top level manager to take the formulation
and policy related to regulate by the manager. Middle and lower manager implement and
execute the policy and rules of the business.
 Represent the business- leader are represented the business and they solving the problem
affect the reputation of the company. Leader is the person motivate the employees and
also take the decision and responsible to completing the task(Kang, S. J., 2010). This is
the person create the identity in the business for affect the business activity they also
conduct the training and induction programmes so that the employees are engaged with
each other and communicate the ideas and take the participation on this decision process.
 Friend and guider – leader interact with the follower and employees that they take the
initiative and also interact the person in the business that acquire the knowledge and also
identifying the strengthen weakness of the employees reacted to the person and that
interact in better ways. In the guide they also relate to the business and take the ways and
taking the decision according to the business essential of the business.
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 Solicits support – leader is the person enterprise the support and also invite the
cooperation between the employer and employees so that they can ta\ken the decision
related to the acceptance of the business essential. It takes the possibility to take the
decision ion the business for taking the decision related to the preference of the business.
Role of manager :- Planning training programme – Manager are take the responsibility to conduct the
training programme in the business for increase the growth of business as well as
individual employees(Kang, S. J., 2010). They also help to employees that they identified
the weakness ans strength and improve this through the training programmes in the
organisation.
 Performance management – The manager have responsible to take the decision in the
business for making the policy related to the individual and group. The manager also take
the duty for attain the employees and make the policy related to the business decision and
the performance also measure that this decision help to company to retain the talented
employees in the business.
 Staffing – The manager also play an essential role for organise the recruitment and
selection and human resources in the business. They recruit the right person at right time
with right skills they produced the more effective in the business
 Budgeting – The manager are task has to complete the given time period and it should be
cost efficient. They took the decision in the related to the making budget in the suffiecient
manner that produce the type of investment in right ways.
(P1) Characteristics of the leader and manager
Characteristics of the leader and manager
Characteristic of leader Characteristic of manager
Leading the people Managing the people
Do the thing right Do the right thing
Leader take responsibility and give the Manager delegates the work and take the
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direction for solving the problem decision according to the situation.
Focus on people Focus on the structure and system
Ask usually how and when Ask usually what and when
(P2) Role of leader and function of manager
The roles of a leader includes telling, selling, participating and delegating. There are
different situations depending on which, a leader needs to function. In situation of environment
of workplace a leader should maintain the involvement and motivation level of team members
thus, selling leadership is followed has to be this situation. In context to technology, a leader
should make all the employees up to date with the latest technologies developing and should
implement them by following selling theory of leadership. Apart from this, a leader has to
provide a vision to the employees, a vision that helps them directing and redirecting their efforts.
Also, leaders are the person that influence others for taking decisions and also give the direction
in solving problems of the organisation. On contrary to this, managers' functions are planning,
commanding, organising, staffing, budgeting, developing, controlling in the business. If a senior
manager is newly recruited by the organization then he should follow delegating theory to
remain motivated. A manager is the person who plan the training and development programmes
in the M&S Ltd. so that the employees are satisfied for their work and also understand the duty
of the business.
For instance M&S Ltd. Want to change the techniques of the operation in that time
manager take the decision for planning the training programmes for the trained the employees
and also satisfying the customers in the business. In this the leader have responsible to take the
duty for leading and influence the follower for understand the new techniques and also motivate
the employees for attain and also create the specific advantages in front of the
employees(Moghaddam, Seifi,and Niknam, 2012). The manager can motivate the employees for
accepting the challenges' situation in the business. Leader is the person create the direction and
solved the problem.
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Leader and manager are the one term that they are reflected the behaviour of the
individual. The leader are not good the manager are not take the decision right way in the
business. Leader are give the right direction to employees in the business.
P3 Theory and model of leadership
There are the different theory and models that apply according to the situation apply by
the manager of M&S Ltd. These are as follows:-
Situational theory – This theory proposed by the Dr. Paul heresy. It described the leader
are flexible can display the work related to the situation and environment. It applies of every
people like in the all department are related to the work it includes sale manager, top and middle
level and also they candidate the different situation.
Situational leadership is based on the two dimension which are included the relation and
behaviour(supportive and task behaviour) The analysis of the situation is base on the these model
like -
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 The direction and guidance given by the leader(it is related to the task)
 Socio emotional provided by the leader
 The readiness level existing in performance a particular task, function and objectives and
followers.
In this model there are four quadrants -
 S1 – Telling -: The flow of information from the leader to the group member is in
directional. Telling take place when the leader demonstrate high effective behaviour and
low of supportive behaviour.
 S2 – Selling -: In this block the leader tries to convenience the group member by giving
them emotional and social support. He is highly focused on the directive and supportive
behaviour.
 S3 – Participating – The leader allow to the participation of the followers in decision
making process. The leader is highly focused highly supportive and low focus on
directives behaviours.
 S4 – Delegating - In this model the leader give the responsibility to the follower to taking
the decision. The leader is less focused on the both the supportive and participative
behaviour.
System leadership - This is style are collaborated the two function which are collaborative and
attributes and boundaries. The leader of M&S Ltd. Extent use the limit of authority and
responsibility at the organisational, professional. This leadership is required specific mindset to
the performing role as a leader. This can judge by the following evidence- Personal core value – It includes the value of person like risk taking and sharing
information through in front of others.
 Ways of thinking – it analysis them is to be considered the creditability and sharing the
vision through the communication Behaviour and action – Their behaviour and action are to be considered such as
succession, developing, capability can be identified.
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 Personal quality – Develop the collaborative agenda in the business for maintain agenda
and ways to analysis the result in different situation.
 Contingency theory – This is proposed by the Fiedler's and chemers in 1974.This is also
known as the leader match theory. In the leader relation with the follower and leader in
different situation. The model high light the use of most effective leadership style in
various action. With the help of this model M&S Ltd. apply suitable style of leadership as
per situation. The theory is all about based on the sum assumption-
 Leader are set the priority between people and task-focus
 There are three factors which drives effective style of leadership- relation and task
oriented.
 Leader are support and motivate the employees in create and trust relation with the
employees
 They also relate the task structures, documentation in the business.
 In this theory leader have power to punish the followers.
P4 Key approaches the operation management-
There are many approaches related to the operation M&S Ltd. These are follows- Total quality management approach – The application of approach company can
achieving the long term objective with the satisfaction of the employees and customers.
This help to company can generate the effective and efficiency in the operation in the
business. He improvement of process, system, product, service and culture all to be made
by the members of M&S Ltd. On the basis of suggestion leader and manager taking the
decision in the business for the conducting operation effectively. Six sigma approach – It provides the techniques and tools to organisation for improving
the process of business. In this method leader and manager can increase the performance
level and decrease the process level in the business. It focuses on the improvement of
work level and performance level of employees so that the overall profitability is increase
in the business.
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 Stock management approach – The M&S Ltd. has also focused on the management of
stock the company understand the purchase and sale of the company. It relates the
reducing the cost of warehouse in the business(Rani, and Moreira,2010). This include the
three elements like -Just in time, minimum stock level, stock review level. That there are
not even the shortage of the stock and material in the factory.
 ERP System – It is also known as the enterprises resources planning it is the software that
help to organising the different integrated services and transfer of the information related
to different department. This software manages the overall function related to finance,
human resources and sales function etc. It promotes the function related to managing and
controlling the business activity in the business.
Because of that reason the operation management is plays vital role in the business. Operation
management take the decision according to the cost which are generated by the production
process and it also includes the maintenance cost of the machinery that increase the cost of
product in the organisation and reduce the profit in the business. The manager can take the
decision according to the demand and preference of the person in the business(Rani,and Moreira,
,2010). The operation manager are take the decision relate to the past data so that they forecast
the demand in future for particular product in the market. The manager can select the future
estimation regarding planed the past data in the business.
P5 Importance of operation management
Operation management is the important and more valued in the organisation in the M&S
Ltd. That the action for the proper utilisation of the optimal resources in the business. This is the
important task the company produce the product timely and supply the consumer in right time
with the better quality with reducing cost(Wang, 2010). The company can conduct the activity
with the efficient manner in the business(Ale, S., and et.al., 2010.). The manager function related
to the launching new product and development of product in different category in the satisfying
the customers. It can improve the product process and using the different determination of the
production in the business.
It improves the effectiveness of the function related to the increase the business effectively for
generating the profit for the product. It can help the organisation in meeting the customer
preference and demand of the target market in the business. The operation manager take the
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decision regarding the business and effectiveness of the business that may relate the maintaining
the relation between the employees and employers. The manager identified the series and they
also take the determining the business objective and goal of the business so that they are
appreciated the business.
The operation manager can take the decision in the process of different situation that
affect the business trends and that relate the cost of company and it may affect the company that
prepare the maintain the efficiency the result of the business and also reduce the cost of
production in the company.
P6 Impact of internal factors on operational management and the decision-making
Every organisation is having internal factors that affects the operational management and
the decision making by the leaders and managers of M&S. Some of these are as follows: Personnel – The involvement of human resource in providing services to the customers.
Their understanding and skills reflect in this context. The way of talking, convincing
power and handling the queries these are the areas in which they have to deal with. The
leader and manager must ensure that the employees are enough qualified and having
sufficient skills(Subramanian and Ramanathan, 2012). They are also responsible for
making the positive working environment. Technology – The operations are very much affected by the technological changes. If the
company uses more updated software, phone systems, faxes and copy machines then the
work becomes more efficient and productive by the side of personnel. The adoption of
advanced technology, manager has to take decisions regarding this for the best use of it. Capital – The sufficient capital leads to operations more effective for the organisation.
Capital is the foundation or base for every business activities that are to be
conducted(Sheu, 2010). The company must maintain adequate cash reserves for any
contingency. Here, the financial manager plays an important role in the proper
arrangement of finance. He also helps in maintaining the sufficient working capital for
the operation management. Corporate objectives – Any company like M&S works according to its goals and
objectives. So, its operational activities are also get affect by it. There must not be
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conflict arise between the corporate objectives and operational objectives. For instance,
operations are planning for higher capacity of production and corporate has estimated
lowest unit costs(Akkerman, Farahani and Grunow, 2010). This will drastically affect the
overall performance of the organisation. Therefore, it becomes duty of the manager that
the use of operations are along with the organisational objectives.
 Marketing issues – The marketing activities are also given impact on the operations'
management. The present situation in the market, the customers demand, the economic
changes, and so on. All these are indirectly affected the operational activities. The
operational structure is depended on the nature of product. The continuously changes in
the marketing mix, specially in the product then the problem can be raised in the
production system if it is not flexible.
The above mentioned internal factors put impact on the business activities of M&S Ltd. The
decision taken by the leaders and managers of the organisation must be appropriate as per the
desired condition(Peng and Lai, 2012). As the operational management helps in achieving the
profits to the maximum extent and make the organisation more sustainable.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above report that management of operation is the main body
of any organisation. This report reveals that the roles and characteristics of a leader and a
manager are not the same. Both have distinct way of working. But both are important for the
organisation in making the thing possible. With the example of different situation, it can
understand that the role of leader applies in the function of manager. Three approaches of
leadership are situational leadership, systems leadership and contingency leadership which are
uses by the company M&S. The operations' management are also important for the organisation
in accomplishment of its goals and objectives.
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