Analysis of Leadership and Management in Tesco: Unit 4 Report

This report provides an overview of leadership and management, discussing the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers. It explores how leaders and managers function in various workplace situations, such as conflict resolution, change management, technological changes, and labor turnover. The report also delves into different leadership approaches, including system leadership, situational leadership, and contingency leadership, and analyzes their application within a business context, specifically referencing examples from Tesco. The report aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of effective leadership and management practices, and how they contribute to organizational success.

Unit 4: Management and Operations Guidance

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Activity 1.........................................................................................................................................3
P1 Different roles and characteristics of Leader and Manager..............................................3
P2- Roles of leaders and managers in different situations at the workplace of company.....5
Activity 2.........................................................................................................................................7
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCESS..............................................................................................................................8
Appendix 1.......................................................................................................................................9
Appendix 2.......................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Operational management is consider as a significant component regarding manufacturing
operations as it vital to assures that an entity have a strong operations management process. It is
vital to understand the significance of operational management so that to accomplish much more
by key areas as well as they can be improved or increased. Leadership and management two are
most important elements of success of the organisation. Often these two are used interchangeably
but there is significant difference in between these two. Leadership can be defined as an act
through which leaders influence thoughts and behaviour of followers. Management can be
defined as an activity which includes setting objectives and collaborating and combining efforts
of all employees of the organisation so that they meet goals and objectives of the company. This
part of the report will discuss about leadership and management and what are their characteristics
and roles. Later approaches of leadership will be discussed in the report.
Activity 1
P1 Different roles and characteristics of Leader and Manager
Leader can be defined as a person who has the capability to inspire and influence. They
are someone who are relied by many others and their followers in order to be directed and guided
(Laureani and Antony, 2017). Leaders are the one who set vision and later encourage others to
work in direction so that they can achieve the vision. Leadership is very important element of
success of the organisation. Tesco is a successful organisation and leadership has played
significant role in that.
Managers can be defined as individual who are responsible for ensuring that processes of
the organisation are completed without any problem (Heyden, Sidhu and Volberda, 2018). They
make sure that all activities of the individuals and group in the organisation complete effectively.
Similar to importance of leadership Tesco also employ effective management and this is also
important for success of the Tesco.
Roles and Characteristics of Leader and Manager are different. Role of Leader are-
Influencing- This is one of the role which is played by the leader in which they are required to
influence others by their thoughts and specialised skills they possess. Influencing refers to
encourage others to pursue the thoughts and vision of leaders.
Team Player – Leaders are at all the levels of the organisation where teams operated and in
which they lead teams in organisation. They play role of team player which means that they are

able to manage the teams and their members. This also includes that they are able to collaborate
efforts of all members of the team which will lead to increase in the quality of the final product
and hence raising the bar in the whole organisation.
Change Agent- This is another role that is played by the leader in which they play active role in
implementing change in Tesco. This means that creating the need for change and then motivating
and encouraging members of the organisation to participate in change (Leithwood and Azah,
2016). This role is also played by leaders because they are able create vision and implementing
change.
Coach- This is another important role played by leader. In this role of leader they coach their
followers and members of Tesco.
Characteristics of Leader
Effective communicator- One of the characteristic of leader is that they are effective
communicator. They are able to present their thoughts precisely and effectively.
Empathetic- This is another characteristic of a leader. This means that they are able to
understand situation and point of view of other person.
Knowledgeable and creative- This is another characteristic of leader that they are intelligent and
possess knowledge over varied subjects (Laureani and Antony, 2017). This makes them
knowledgeable and able to provide right advice.
Role of Manager
Facilitator- This means that managers play role in making easy for others. This means that they
ensure availability of all the resources which might be required for performing the task. They
ensure that situation and environment is accordingly suitable for the task.
Planner- Activities in organisations are based on the planning and managers plays important role
in planning the activities and their scheduling that employees are required to follow.
Controller- Control is important in order to analyse success of the task and activities against
objectives (Holly and et.al., 2019). Manger plays important role in controlling the success of the
activities carried out in the organisation.
Characteristics of Manager
Time Management- Effective managers are effective in time management. This means that they
are able to manage time and allocate task and activities on the basis of their importance and
priority.

Dependable- This means that managers can be relied. They need to be available for their team
and employees and needs to support the team and employees whenever they need to do.
Confidence- This is another characteristic of managers that they are confident and their
confident strengthens from their knowledge (Heyden, Sidhu and Volberda, 2018). This also
enables them to make decisions that are effective and successful.
P2- Roles of leaders and managers in different situations at the workplace of company
In every organisation manager and leader plays significant role in it. this is because they
are those who take crucial decision in operations. also, they develop plan and procedure in order
to achieve goals and objectives. Apart from it, manager and leader role differ from each other.
thus, they are defined as below :
Leaders and managers are the top superiors of the TESCO who have wider role to
make company successful in their business. Both the superiors play necessary roles in each
situation of the company and try to control the situation with their skills and their knowledge.
Here is role and function of the TESCO company Leaders and manager in different situation.
Conflict situation
Conflict situation affect the performance of the company, Leaders and managers in this
situation play necessary role (Friedrich, Griffith and Mumford., 2016). Leaders role is to
communicate with the employees and understand the problem, so they can provide proper
solution and overcome from the conflict situation. They listen to both the employees and try to
make them comprise. While manager of the TESCO company run group practices to minimize
the conflict situation. Group activities helpful to increase flow of communication and together
they help each other in task and also it makes good environment at the workplace of the
TESCO company.
Change management
Change in the organization is important and it is necessary for the companies Leader
and manager to implement changes when it is needed but during the change employees who
are wo0rking in TESCO company , can be demotivated, and they can have fear of loosing job.
In the change t is necessary for the leader of the company to provide proper information to the
employees that why company need of change and how it will help TESCO company to
perform better in their business. Giving clear information about the change will motivate their
employees, and they will support. While the managers function during the change is to provide

training to the employees for their new task, so they can develop skills, and they can perform
new task effectively . It will also motivate them, and they will start giving support to the
company for the change. They can also set the short wins for the employees which can be
achievable and workers can be motivated.
Technological changes
Technological changes are necessary for the company to improve their digital
performance and create better IT system. In this situation leaders role is to provide their
employees training and developed new skills in themselves, so they can understand that how this
new technology work and how they can increase their production at the TESCO workplace and
company can achieve competitive advantages in the market where they are operating their
business. Mangers function this situation is to control the activities at the workplace and look
that new technology is working properly or not, and they also provide feedback to the
employees who are working on the new technology and also provide proper guidelines to them,
so they can improve how it work.
Labor Turnover
Labor turnover is also difficult situation for the company where employees started
living their job and look for the job because they feel that they are not getting benefits, or they
are not satisfied with their Job (Reunanen and Kaitonen., 2017). During the labor turnover
leaders roles is to collect each employee at their office and ask them the problems which they
are facing, so they can solve. They also ensure the employees that they will improve the
mistakes and strategy to overcome from the problems. While managers in situation should make
the polices like reward and organize activities which can helps the TESCO company to
overcome from the situation of the labor turnover.
Change in employees behavior
Change can be seen in employees behavior if they are not happy with the companies
working condition. In this situation leaders roles is to create better environment at the
workplace by the fun activities so employees can relax, and they can can be normal while
managers of the company should try to reduce the workload from the employees I this situation,
so they can get times for the rest.
P3 – System leadership ,contingency leadership and situational leadership approaches that are
interlinked to various aspects of firm purposes as well as effects that can be drawn in an

inappropriate and appropriate manner. Systematic leadership allows leaders within a firm to
create situations where people within all levels work productively.
Situational leadership-It initiate firm's working as well as behavior for the employees. It is
consider as a life cycle concepts regarding outcomes. Tesco also capable to adopt situational
leadership theory regarding analyzing of various situations within order to recommend the
several actions consider as taken for the improvement. The idea regarding successful leader. The
Situational Leadership theory should be focused on the situation the employee finds themselves
in, with the leader adapting their leadership style to suit this. The model suggests that depending
on the complexity of the task and the behaviour of the team or individual, the leader can adapt
their style from telling the individual what to do, selling an idea to them, participating in the
activity, or delegating the activity. At Tesco these different style can be used in many situations,
for example if the member of staff was new and had little knowledge or experience, or if the task
was transactional such as stacking shelves, the leader could adopt a telling style, where they just
tell the employee what to do. However, if a major incident happened in sore such as a flood, the
leader may adopt a participating style so that he or she could support the team and focus more on
the relational aspect of leadership rather than the task completion.
Contingency theory- It focuses on the several effects that are purposes for impacts the decisions
making as it relied on optimal situation for contingency situation. Contingency theory is
considered as a special approach that states that the success of a leader not necessarily depends
on his capacities but also relied on his or her abilities. There are various factors that are related to
the company culture, work environment as well as staff members that influences the success of
the manager within the process regarding leadership. According to this theory Tesco groups
impacts the decisions making or also handling various aspects that are connected to existing
positions. Contingency theory suggests that task-orientated leaders, such as managers, perform
better when the environment is particularly favourable or unfavourable, whereas relationship-
orientated leaders perform better when the environment is moderate. This means that managers
would likely perform much better during the busy Christmas period when Tesco stores are very
busy, but leaders may perform less well as there is not the time to focus on the relationship. In
contrast, on a normal weekday when stores are less busy, relationship orientated leaders are
likely to perform much better as they have the time to speak to employees and build a
relationship with them.

Systems Leadership – Systems leadership is based on the idea that all humans have a need to be
creative and feel that they belong. For leaders to be successful, they should encourage employees
to socialise and communicate with each other to build relationships. In Tesco this is used more
commonly in the Head Office, but can also be used in stores to build a team spirit. The Store or
Team Leader should encourage staff within their departments to work closely together. Leaders
who needs to change towards social change while applying systems thinking are consider as a
part of the leadership. Here leaders can be organizations or individuals who are able to
committed while creating the situations for the better world.
There are the three capabilities in this style such as
Capacity to see larger system
To foster reflection by having general communication
To shift focus from solving problem to wok better in future
Activity 2
Covered in PPT
Conclusion
On the basis of above discussion it can be concluded that leaders and managers are
required to play their specific roles and possess unique and different characteristic. This
discussion also included how roles of leaders and managers are applied and suitable in different
situations in the organisation. On the basis of discussion and application of theories and models
of leadership it can be concluded that effectiveness of leadership gets affected by several factors
and organisational situation and employee and members’ characteristics play important role in a
success of a leader. Situational leadership is effective as it enables leaders to adapt behaviour
according to members they are leading.

REFERENCESS
Books and journal
Friedrich, T. L., Griffith, J. A. and Mumford, M. D., 2016. Collective leadership behaviors:
Evaluating the leader, team network, and problem situation characteristics that influence
their use. The Leadership Quarterly.27(2). pp.312-333.
Heyden, M.L., Sidhu, J.S. and Volberda, H.W., 2018. The conjoint influence of top and middle
management characteristics on management innovation. Journal of Management. 44(4).
pp.1505-1529.
Holly, M.A., Gunn, K.M., Rotz, C.A. and Kleinman, P.J., 2019. Management characteristics of
Pennsylvania dairy farms. Applied Animal Science. 35(3). pp.325-338.
Laureani, A. and Antony, J., 2017. Leadership characteristics for lean six sigma. Total Quality
Management & Business Excellence. 28(3-4). pp.405-426.
Leithwood, K. and Azah, V.N., 2016. Characteristics of effective leadership networks. Journal of
Educational Administration.
Reunanen, T. and Kaitonen, J., 2017. Different roles in leadersh

Appendix 1
Questionnaire
For senior management team mentor, HR Department
Q1. How a leader should be in a complex situation?
 Remain unchanged
 Encourage members to take initiative and support them
 Situation is complex hence should take initiative and ask member to do what they are told
Q2. What is importance of communication skills for a leader?
 Always important
 Sometimes while negotiating and resolving conflicts
 While communicating changes required
Q3. Is empathy skill actually useful for leader in Tesco?
 Yes
 Sometimes
 Not really
Q4. Which one is most important skill for a team leader?
 Communication skill
 Empathy
 Interpersonal skill
Q5. Which is the role that leader is Tesco plays more often or regularly?
 Innovator
 Visionary
 Change agent
Appendix 2
Questionnaire
Line Manager, Warehouse Tesco
Q1. Most important skill required for manager?
 Communication
 Time management
 Task Delegation
Q2. Which role is more often and regularly played by manager in Tesco?

 Controller
 Planner
 Facilitator
Q3. Do you feel that manager is different from leader?
 Yes
 No
 Not sure
Q4. Importance of manager in successful operations of the daily task?
 Highly Important
 Somewhat Important
 Daily task can be completed without manager
Q5. Important of manager in specific events and change process?
 Highly important
 Leadership is more important
 Leadership and management together work more effectively