HND Business - Management and Operation Report: Roles and Theories

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the roles of leaders and managers, differentiating between their characteristics and responsibilities within an organization. It explores the importance of operation management and factors impacting operational decision-making. The report delves into various leadership theories, including situational, contingency, and systematic leadership models, offering insights into their applications and implications. Through a comparative approach, the report highlights the key differences and interdependencies between leadership and management functions, providing a detailed overview of how these elements contribute to organizational success. The assignment also includes an examination of the M&S business model, providing practical examples of the application of leadership and management principles.

MANAGEMENT
AND OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1..........................................................................................................................................................3
P1. Explanation on the difference between role and characteristics of the leader and manager...........3
P2 Description on the role of leader and function of managers..............................................................4
P3 Define the various theories and model of the leadership approach...................................................5
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................................7
P.5. Description on the significance and value of operation management..............................................8
P.6. Explain the factors which is having large impact in the operational management and decision-
making process........................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is very essential in order to bring the valuable output so that firm
can able to run its operation in smoothly manner. With the help of this the valuable output can be
received. The main motive of the business enterprise is to utilize the available resourced so that
maximum profitability can be earned. In this manger are responsible for having good production
so that there can be reduction in wastage. With the help of this the brand image of the company
can be enhanced. The present report is covering the aspect of the M&S, this is the largest global
leading brand which is distributing its services as the good apparel and provides the food
products with the effective quality so that customer can get attracted. It is very important to make
the modification so that the thing can be done in the proper manner. This assignment will cover
the following things are as role and characteristics of leader and manger. In addition to this this
assignment will cover the following things are as models and theories of leadership. It is very
important to understand the significance of the operation management.
TASK 1
P1. Explanation on the difference between role and characteristics of the leader and manager.
The leader and manager both play the effective role so that integral part of the business
enterprise can be known. With the help of them people can be managed effectively and things
can be coordinated efficiently. Leader are the person who can easily influence the people to do
their best. The leader plays the efficient role so that strategic planning can be framed and with
the help of this brand image of the firm can be enhanced.
Manager to the organization should focus on the process of management so that they can
focus on the people. They need to pay attention so that brand image of the company can be
enhanced. The role of leader and manager need to be understand so that all function of the
business can run effectively. This difference between the role of leader and manager need to be
understand in the careful manner. This are defined in the following manner are as-
Roles Leader Manager
Characteristics In Mark and Spenser, the
leader always takes the
effective steps so that with
the help of this innovative
ideas the performance of the
firm need to be enhanced.
Manager need to set the
whole process so that
systematic things can be
happened.

Focus The leader need to focus on
the leading the people
effectively so that the
coordination can be
maintained.
As compare to leader’s
manager need to focus on the
managing employees so that
they are able to coordinate the
business function effectively.
Vision The leader need to focus on
the long-term vision so that
the objective of the business
can be achieved.
Manager need to focus on the
current as well future
objectives of the firm.
Target The leader of the M&S need
to focus on the target of the
firm so that firm is able to
achieve the targets and they
are able to earn maximum
profitability.
Manager of the firm need to
have effective responsibility
and they need to make
effective coordination
between employers and
manager.
Role The leader of the M&S is
taking effective steps in order
to play the role of motivator.
In this the manager plays the
essential role as the
administrator.
P2 Description on the role of leader and function of managers.
Leadership and managers are both the essential part of the business enterprise. With the
help of them the function of the organization can run in the smooth manner. They are the person
who are responsible to bring the profitability in the organization. It is very important to attract
the customer so that brand image of the firm can be enhanced. The M&S need to take effective
steps so that there can be improvement in the quality of the products. By delivering the good
qualified services the manager of they need to set the price on which every customer can willing
to pay.
The role of the leader is to encourage the team member so that they can develop the positive
attitude within themselves and can encourage the employees to the organization so that they are
able to work in the proper effective manner. In this way the worker need to feel motivated so
they can work in satisfied manner. With the help of this they need to reward the employees so
that they can perform their business function in most appropriate manner. The leader play is to
rule over the employees to the organization so that they are able to manage the whole working of
the business enterprise. In this kind of the function the managers are responsible to motivate their
employees so that they are able to contribute their maximum to the firm.
With the help of this kind of the function the managers are the responsible to provide good
function so that they can have increment in the profitability of the firm. In the difficult condition
the firm need to deal with the technological products so that they are able to deal with the

process of decision making. With the help of this kind of the activities the firms are able to deal
with the higher authorities of the organization. With the help of this they are responsible to have
suitable decision.
In this it can be true to said that the risk is another factor which is very helpful in relation
to have the expansion of the business activities. The leaders are the responsible person to take the
risk and individual to firm need to take this as challenge. The leader takes various kind of the
decision such are merger etc. so that organization is able to run its activities smoothly. But the
manager refuses to have merger because it is quite risky and can spoil the brand image of the can
be violated.
Planning, staffing, organizing, directing and controlling are the main function with the
help of this the organization is able to run its function in the smooth manner. With the help of the
example it can be true to say that when the managers are responsible to earn the function of the
firm by performing the task. With the help of this kind of the function they are able to direct the
employees so that they can feel energetic and perform their function in the appropriate manner.
By having innovation in the products, the customer to the firm are able to perform the function in
the stipulate time period. Without these five functions of the management the organization
activities are not able to run in the smooth manner. These two functions are very important to run
the business activities cannot perform this function in the smooth and effective way.
P3 Define the various theories and model of the leadership approach.
There are the various kind of the leadership theories this all completely depend on the
management objectives and aim of the enterprise. In this manner there are various kind of the
theories are given such are as-
Situational leadership theory- with the help of this kind of the activities they are able to
take the competitive advantage and challenging because this all functions are very helpful to
survive in the market for longer period. As per this theory the leaders are required to be more
mature and should be able to more focus on the task so that good relation between the employers
and employee can be settled. This thing can be understood with help of the example are as with
the help of the good technical product the organization able to sustain in the market. In this
manner the employer of the firm behaves properly and they need to encourage the employers of
the business enterprise.by taking good and effective steps the employers are able to contribute
maximum to the organization. They need to make good coordination between the higher

authorities to lower authority so that they are able to carry the business function in the smooth
manner. By using good technology, the products, they can able to produce innovative products in
the market. In this manner the employees of the big venture need to give major focus on the
changes because it is happening in the market on the daily basis. The need and demand of the
customers changes very easily so that it is very important to cope up with the demand of the
customers in the market. Leader need to take the effective decision so that function of the firm is
able to produce good qualified products. In this manner they are able to feel motivated and
confident and can take the most effective decision in the firm. With the help of the adopting
situational leadership theory, they are able to enhancing the revenue of the business enterprise so
that they are able to make the good profit. This kind of the function are very helpful in relation to
have the long-term sustainability in the market.
With the help of the above stated diagram it can be true to said that the organization is
need to take the various effective steps so that they are able to have the good function in the firm.
With the help of this kind of working they can able to perform their business function in the most
effectively and efficient manner.
Contingency leadership theory- This concept of the theory states that the behaviour and
working of the leader depends upon the situation. In the firm there, various condition in which
the leader have to behave differently. In this manner there are three main theories are given such
are as path goal, fielder and situational leadership etc. According to this it can be true to said that
the fielder said that effectiveness of the leadership is totally dependent on the motivation factors
of the leaders. With the help of the path goal theory it has been defined that it is the
responsibility of the leader to frame the effective structure so that there can be positive work
environment. In this manner the all are responsible to achieve the maximum objectivity of the fir.
In this kind the firm is able to maintain its operation in the effective manner.
In this manner it can be true to said that by adopting the fielder theory they can easily
motivate the employees to perform their best so there can be possibility of earning the large
amount of the profitability. They need to appoint those employees who are able to carry the
function of the firm in most effective manner.
Systematic leadership model- with the help of this model it can be stated that the firm
need to take the effective steps so that they are able to have modification in the business
function. In order to have expansion of the business units this kind of the activities are very

helpful in order to carry the business function in the most effective and efficient manner. The
M&S need to focus on the quality of the product so that they are able to bring unique products to
the market. The main target of the firm should be give major focus on the quality of the products
in this manner they are able to focus on the customer and can also attract the number of the
person in the market.
M1. Description on the analysis of role and function of leader and manager.
In this manger and leader play the effective role in relate to manage the operation of the
business in effective manner. In these various theories is need to be understood in the following
manner are as-
Scientific theory- in this role of the manager is need to be identified so that they are able to
business oppression effectively.
Administrative theory- This is the very helpful concept in order to design the overall structure of
the company. They need to give major focus on the hierarchical structure of the firm.
Human relation- with the help of this there can be good relation between the employer and
employee of the business enterprise.
Chaos theory- to make the modification in the business it is very essential to enhance the energy
of the workers. With the help of this they easily accept the changes.
TASK 2
P4 explain the key approaches to role of leader and manager.
The management operation is need to be handled carefully so that they all are able to
carry the business function effectively. In this make this more effect there are various approaches
re given such are as-
Dynamic approach- to sustain in the market it is very important to sustain in the global
competitive world. As per the current scenario the M&S is using the traditional approach, they
are giving major focus on the following task such are as knowledge, contingencies, learning and
resolution of the problem.
Six sigma approaches- this is the specific approach with the help of this they can easily maintain
the all function. They used to give major focus on the improving the quality of the products by
identify the lacking points. In this manner the customer satisfaction can be achieved.

Business process redesign- This is the kind of vital process which works as to achieve the
particular of business such as increment in return on investment, service improvements, or
reduction in cost. The business process sales, production and financial management workflows
which works in order to attend desired goals of business enterprise.
Lean product graphic- with the help of this there can be systematic elimination of the all
wastage. This is the kind of graphic design which works in systematic manner in relation to have
smooth functioning of business processes.
Total quality management- with the help of implementation of total quality management the firm
is able to attend the desire success in order to earn customer satisfaction. With the help of
improvement in services the organisation is able to earn the larger amount if profitability. In this
manner the product and services can be improved.
Supply chain management- There is kind of cross functional approach which works as to
managing the movement of raw materials into the organisation. This works as to conversion of
raw material into finished goods.
Role of the leader- they used to pay the role of motivator. They need to take effective step in
order to have innovative ideas with the help of this kind of the function they are able to
enhancing the brand image of the business enterprise. Leader need to effectively coordinate with
the other so that need to identify the strength and weakness so that firm is able perform the
business function in the smoothest manner. They need to set the vision and missions so that they
can able to perform the function effectively.
Role of manager- They play the role of monitor. They are assets to the organization they need to
guide the employees. Operation manager need to give major focus on the all the oppression of
the firm so that they are able to carry it’s in the effective manner. They need to keep monitoring
the activities of the firm so that they are able to carry all the function in the systematic manner.
They need to provide good quality of products so that manager can focus on the quality of the
service.
P.5. Description on the significance and value of operation management
The importance and values of operational management: Operation management is most
vital part of each organisation in order to effective manage each functionality of business
operation in better manner. M&S company need to utilise the latest approaches to effective
management their operational activities within the firm. Operational activities are most complex

part of each organisation and same as for M&S business as well. This involves some activities
such as planning, controlling, leading a company operational activities effectively. Operational
manager formulate some strategies toward the new product and services development in the
company and also make efforts in order to improve their quality of services within the firm
effectively. In terms of M&S company, its operational management ensure that each activities
are being done in proper way at the workplace and also find out better way to improve it in
sufficient way by which M&S organisation would be able to accomplish their organisational
goals and objectives in efficient form. Operational department of M&S Company manage supply
chain management in their retail store and also make sure about their all inventors are being
managed by their professionals effectively. Moreover, operational management make effort in
order to reduce service provision cost in their retail stores and also make governing mechanism
of their day to day activities at the retail stores and office as well to improve the quality of
services by which M&S company can furnish their effective services within the firm. The
operation management is very useful in order to managing the production of large firms. The
main purpose of operation management is run the function of firm in effective and efficient
manner. They need to run their business activities in such manner with the help of which they are
able to meet expectation of customers. With the help of operation management the firm need to
produce the goods and services in a manner which will helpful in order to have increment in
profitability of enterprise.
P.6. Explain the factors which is having large impact in the operational management and
decision-making process
There are two kinds of factors which can affect the functioning of business in larger
manner which are affecting the operation of business in large manner such are as-
Internal factors-
Values system- In this it is very important to obey all rules and regulations. By following the
rules and regulation there can be enhancement in management value of business enterprise.
Financial strength- The company need to have financial resources so that they are able to make
investment in products of enterprise. If firm is not having sufficient funds than they are not able
to produce goods and services in large manner.
Business ethics: Business ethics is a moral function of the business which furnish a way
of behaviour that a company must follow at the workplace. Leaser and manager of M&S
Company must know business ethics of their business in which they need to find out what is the

right for the business and what is wrong as well. They need to make sure that there is nothing
happened illegal and unethical at the workplace and according to them they need to make their
decision towards whole company. Operational professionals of M&S company need to remove
all unethical barriers in the business because of all barriers make negative impact on the business
efficiently. While decision-making process of leader and manager of M&S business they need
being mention of ethical factor in the mind.
Stakeholder: Stakeholder are those persons which affected by each decision made by the
company. Each stakeholder make direct and indirect impact on the business effectively and they
might be concerned with the daily exercises of the business as well. Stakeholder of M&S
company like employees, customers, suppliers, investors, families and the society in which
company running their outlets. They all make impact on the daily business exercises and
activities in the firm effectively and also decision-making process of leader and manager of
M&S Company. They all have different kinds of rights by which stakeholder make large impact
on the decision-making process and operational activities of M&C firm as well.
CONCLUSION
Hereby it has been concluded that Operation management is very essential in order to
bring the valuable output so that firm can able to run its oppression in smoothly manner. With
the help of this the valuable output can be received. The main motive of the business enterprise is
to utilize the available resourced so that maximum profitability can be earned. The present report
is covering the following aspects like roles and function of the leader and various kind of the
model and theories of the leader so that they all responsible to carry the business function in the
most effective manner.

REFERENCE
Journal & Book
Online

9 Differences Between Managers and Leaders, 2017. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.marksanborn.com/9-differences-between-managers-and-leaders/>.