Developing Manager: Management Styles, Leadership, and Planning Report

This report delves into the core concepts of management and leadership, exploring various management styles such as scientific, bureaucratic, human relations, directive, authoritative, affiliative, participative, pacesetting, and coaching styles, with examples from companies like Marriott International and Tesco. It examines essential leadership characteristics including delegation, communication, positive attitude, and analytical skills, along with different leadership styles like autocratic, democratic, transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire. The report evaluates the communication process, including sender, encoding, communication modes, decoding, and feedback. Furthermore, it analyzes organizational culture and change, incorporating a skills audit, SWOT analysis, and the creation of short- and medium-term objectives for self-improvement. The report also develops SMART objectives for career development, provides evidence of managerial capabilities, and concludes with a personal reflection on the learning process.

DEVELOPING MANAGER

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................3
Task 1....................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Different management styles.....................................................................................................3
1.2 Discuss leadership characteristics..............................................................................................4
1.3 Evaluate communication process...............................................................................................6
1.4 Organizational culture and change.............................................................................................6
Task 2....................................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Skills audit.................................................................................................................................7
2.2 SWOT analysis..........................................................................................................................7
2.3 Create short and medium term objectives for self improvement...............................................8
2.4 How personal and managerial skills support career development.............................................9
2.5 Revise the plan and analyze improvements.............................................................................10
Task 3..................................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Develop SMART objectives for career development..............................................................11
3.2 Evidence of being manager......................................................................................................11
3.3 Personal reflection...................................................................................................................11
References..........................................................................................................................................13

TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Communication process........................................................................................................5
1

INTRODUCTION
Management and leadership both the styles are essential for an individual to acquire for the
purpose of managing diversified and complex work processes (Spillane, 2012). Thus, for such
purpose, present study has been made with an attempt to explain different theories and styles of
management which organizations use in different areas. Furthermore, leaders are required to
develop a range of skills and abilities so that followers can be directed to manage the work towards
goals and objectives.
Organizational structure and culture both are imperative aspects which even changes the
business scenario. With the help of SWOT analysis, researcher has evaluated own skills and
competencies; further on that basis personal development plan has been made. Lastly, a series of
objectives have been discussed based on SMART criteria and along with that, motivating and team
management skills are also discussed. On the basis of entire evaluation, several improvements have
been suggested for the personal development plan.
TASK 1
1.1 Different management styles
The art of getting things done through others can bring successful outcomes to the managers,
if things are managed as per effectual management styles. Management styles plays crucial role in
underpinning the bond amongst the employees. Here in the below section, several styles of
management have been discussed that aids different organizations to manage work processes in
efficient manner:
Scientific management approach: This is one of the most effective and important parts of
management approach which is being presented by the Fredrick Taylor’s scientific theory. Frederick
Taylor's theory of scientific management presented various techniques or ways through which they
are able to improve the efficiency of the work process. This theory represents beliefs in the
possibility of a “best way” to undertake a job. It helps in identify one of the best possible way and
using the most effective concept and way of motivation.
Bureaucracy management approach: It is considered as a most important form of organization
by having clear rules and regulations which are strictly followed. According to Max weber
Bureaucratic management approach the necessity of organizations to operate in rational way. There
are mainly 6 principles presented by Max weber which is as follows:
 Proper division of labor
 Chain of Command
 Separation and promotion based on qualifications
 Application of consistent and complete rules
2

 Selection and promotion based on qualifications
All the above principles presents different features which needs to be present as there should be
proper rules and regulations need to be run and it should be equally applicable on every member of
organizations. Further, it can be stated that this type of management approach follows the principle
of rationality and consistency. The whole selection is based on upon technical qualification of a
person. Managers using this approach follows equality as they mainly emphasis on rules and
regulations of company. Some of the main characteristics of this approach are clear cut division of
labor as well as impersonal behavior by officials as well as lifelong career is expected.
Human relation management approach: Elton Mayo is considered as the father of human
relation theory. This theory came as a reaction to the classical approach and it is stressed on formal
structure. However, human behavior carried out at the Hawthorne works of the general electric
company in Chicago. After this, he founds that total work satisfaction depends on the informal
social pattern of the work group. People will usually form a work groups through the feeling of
importance as well as physical condition. It had given a little motivation and can be used by
management to benefit the organization. Here, the major attention given on the social factors at
work rather than purely rational organization. Directive style: Directive style is all about giving directions to the employees so that
immediate compliance of rules and regulations can take place (Alvesson, 2012). The
manager is entirely liable to give directions to all the employees and under the style,
manager usually motivates by threats and discipline. The style is effective in the period of
crisis and it is not effective when employees are under developed. Authoritative style: The style has a prime objective of providing long term direction and
vision for the employees. Employees in this style are given with clear direction and they are
also motivated by persuasion and feedback on task performance (Levine, 2010). The style is
highly effective when clear directions and standards are required; moreover the manager
should be incredible in nature. Affiliative style: Affiliative style has the primary objective of creating harmony among
employees and between managers (Barnett and et. al., 2011). The manager generally keeps
people happy by considering their interest. Furthermore, good relationships are developed
among management and employees and this also aids in reducing the possibilities of
conflicts. Participative style: This style is focused towards building of commitment and consensus
among employees and manager often involves all the employees in decision making
process. Reward system is another method through which employees are motivated. The
style produces the best results when employees are ready to work together.
3

 Pacesetting style: Pacesetting style is concerned about accomplishing tasks to a high
standard of excellence (Broadbent, 2013). The manager usually motivates employees by
setting high standards. The style can produce optimum results if people are highly motivates
and competent towards the job roles.
 Coaching style: This subsequent style has the primary objective of long term professional
development of employees. The style usually assists and encourages employees to develop
their strengths and improve their performance. Managers motivate people by providing
opportunities for professional development (Gardner and et. al., 2010).
Examples:
Apart from the generalized discussion on the styles, hotel Marriott International has been
working as per Affiliative style which aids the manager to perform all the routine processes in
effectual and competent manner. The possibilities of conflicts are fewer under the style; however
employees at Marriott keep trying to motivate each other.
On the other hand, hotel Ritz Carlton has been following Pacesetting style where in manager
make sure that each and every task is completed as per the determined standards. This helps the
employees to deliver proper services to the clients (Crevani, Lindgren and Packendorff, 2010).
Furthermore, Tesco which is one of the largest retail entity has been following Coaching
style of management where in the manager provides long term professional development of
employees. Proper training and counseling sessions are organized for the employees so as to
augment performance level (Spillane, 2012).
1.2 Discuss leadership characteristics
A leader is the one who lead his followers in an effective manner and inspire them to
perform assigned job in the desired manner. Therefore, to be an effective leader in a hospitality
industry a person should be equipped with following essential traits that are described as follows:
 Ability to delegate: Leader should possess ability to delegate jobs to the appropriate
department for improving and gaining higher productivity of both employees and
organization. Manager of Marriott should have the skills through which it can identify the
potential of his team members and delegate the tasks accordingly (Dugan, 2011). This
ability of the leader can be proven as strength of the group and increase trust and support
among all of them.
 Communication: In order to create productive work environment in hospitality industry,
manager should have good and effective communication skills. Through these
characteristics, he can motivate his staff members and influence them to perform the activity
4

in the desired way (Gardner and et. al., 2010). Effective communication may lead to build
supportive culture and reduce the grievances among the workforce which will result in
lower employee turnover.
 Positive attitude: The manager of Marriott should possess positive attitude towards all the
situations so that he can create positive impact on his followers. Positive attitude of the
manager can provide strength to the organization to address many threats and challenges and
helps in building an effective team to deal with the same (Dugan, 2011).
 Analytical skills: Leader of the company should have good analytical skill so that he can
analyze all the aspects of the situation and can find the best solution for the particular
problem. Marriott is the leading company in hotel industry in the UK and to maintain this
position, manager of the firm should possess good analytical skills so that he can analyze
different market situations and can form sound decisions to address the situation in the most
effective manner (Hartnell, Ou and Kinicki, 2011). In order to make the enterprise more
compatible, various tools and techniques are used to audit the environment. For this,
manager should use his analytical skills to draw suitable conclusion out of the
environmental audit.
 Good communication: It is one the most important characteristics of good leadership. With
the help of efficient communication, a good leader can motivate workers towards business
goals and objective with an appropriate manner. It plays significant role in order to get
loyalty of staff for long duration.
There are different leadership styles on the basis of which leader perform all the duties and
responsibilities (Komives, 2011). All such styles are mentioned in the below section:
 Autocratic: In autocratic style of leadership, leader gives directions to the employees and no
one challenges the decisions of autocratic leaders. Close supervision can be facilitated
through the style.
 Democratic: Democratic style is the one where in leader takes opinion from the employees
and the style also gives several rights to the employees (Levine, 2010).
 Transactional: As per the leadership style, leader rewards those people who perform well
and in case of ineffective performance, punishment is provided to the team members.
 Transformational: Leaders following this style motivate employees and enhance
productivity and efficiency through communication and high visibility.
 Lassiez faire: In such style, leader lacks direct supervision and he can transfer the
5

authorities to the respective subordinates. Sometimes, it leads to poor production due to lack
of control (Broadbent, 2013).
1.3 Evaluate communication process
 Sender: First of all, sender generates the ideas which have to be communicated to others. In
this phase, information is in the intangible form which cannot be visible to another person.
In short, sender is the person who conveys the information to others with the help of various
communication modes (Schein, 2010).
 Encoding: After that, sender encodes that intangible information in the tangible message by
using symbols, letters and words. The person formulates the information into the coded
word which can be understood by the receiver in the same sense as he wants.
 Communication modes: Afterwards, sender will select an appropriate mode to
communicate with the receivers. In the context of Marriott, if top management wants to
convey information to all of the organizational members, then they will use mechanical
media whereas if manager of one department wants to communicate with other department,
he can conduct meetings for that (Selznick, 2011).
 Decoding: When message is sent to the receivers, then the information is decoded by the
finder. Decoding process includes conversion of the message into the language so that
information can be understood by him in same way as it conveys.
 Feedback: When the decoding process gets completed, receiver replies to the sender
regarding the message and in this way, communication process get finished between both
sender and receiver (Alvesson, 2012).
6

Figure 1: Communication process
1.4 Organizational culture and change
Organization culture is concerned with the combination of assumptions, values and beliefs
which directs the behavior of a member with the others within the office premises. Basically, four
types of organizational culture are there named as Clan, Adhocracy, Hierarchy and Market culture.
Organizational culture always brings change in the business entity and it also produces negative as
well as positive impacts on employee behavior (Spillane, 2012). At Marriott hotel, managers have
been following clan culture where in employees are allowed to present their advices in decision
making process. It is considered as most effective ways through which all their workers feels
motivated and perform all their tasks appropriately. In this regards, it can be determine that
organization culture clearly highlights the clients oriented services that depends more on people
than the policies. Different employees belong to different culture worldwide and it is highly difficult
to fulfill all consumers’ requirements. Hence, culture can change the whole working criteria of
business due to the different ideas. Clan culture is effective enough to develop proper
communication among the employees. Culture changes the motivation level and mindset of people
which further leads changes in employee behavior and ultimately it brings overall transformations
in hotel's business practices. Due to this culture, various employees of hotel highly focused with the
team work. It develops the collaborative practices in which managers use to maintain positive
relationship with their co-workers. It helps them in providing quality customer services and
enhancing their profit margin.
Furthermore, through such kind of culture, Marriott can increase worker's job satisfaction
and reduce the employee turnover. Workforce of the organization will be motivated and highly
7

focused to attain the predetermined goals and in this way, the firm can achieve its aim and
objectives effectively and efficiently (Razzi, 2014).
TASK 2
2.1 Skills audit
In order to manage Food and Beverage department of Marriott hotel, I have to emphasize on
my current skills and competencies so that I would be able to deliver prominent services to the
clients. These are the major abilities that I have under management skills to run food and beverages
service.
Time management skill: Serving food on time is considered as a most effective and quality
service factor of Hilton. At the time of working with same, I need to have appropriate time
management skill so that I can easily reduce the waiting time for customers and provide them quick
services.
Communication skill: In order to work with any hospitality industry, I need to communicate
with various stakeholders. Representing them anything through appropriate communication, brand
image of hotel can be improved. For the same, I should possess good communication skills so that I
can inform the customers about varieties of food the hotel has as well as its quality (Spillane, 2012).
With the help of this skill, my co-workers can share different ideas with each other.
Team work: I should have the ability to work with team so that immediate delivery of food
can be facilitated. It gives me motivation with the help of my subordinates and I am able to provide
quick services to my customers.
Customer complaint management: It is the most important part within any hospitality
industry and it is highly essential to resolve various queries of customers in an appropriate way. I
have the capability to handle the queries of customers and for that I need to be more polite in nature.
Skills Rating
Time management I use to manage my time appropriately so it is rated as number 1
Communication I have good communication skill so it is rated as number 1
Team work Sometimes I may not be able to work within teams as I do not
agree with their suggestions and ideas so it is rated as number 2.
Customer complaint
management
I have the competence to handle the queries of customers but I
required being more polite for the same. Due to this it is rated as
8

number 2.
2.2 SWOT analysis
The strengths that I have mentioned in the below table helps me to manage effective service
aspects in Food and Beverage department. I have the capability to manage teamwork and that
further helps me to deliver timely food to the clients.
9

10
Strengths Weaknesses
What are you good at?
 Leadership ability
 Time management
 Able to communicate effectively
 Learning attitude which helps me to
make innovation in dishes
What do you need to improve?
 Lack of confidence
 Lack of analyzing power
 Lack of ability to use financial
resources
 Disorganized
What special resources do you have (e.g.
qualifications, experience, contacts etc)?
 I am having good previous work
experience
 My qualification is in the field of food
and beverages
In what areas do you have fewer resources
than other people?
 Contacts
What do you think other people see as your
strengths?
 My Leadership Ability My better work management
What do you think other people will see as
your weaknesses?
 Presentation skills
 Inappropriate use of financial resources