Analysis of Leadership and Management in the Business Sector (TESCO)

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management principles within the business sector, using TESCO as a case study. It begins by defining and comparing the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their differences and interdependencies. The report then examines the functions of managers and the roles of leaders within an organization, providing real-world examples of how these roles are applied in various situations, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic and technological changes. Different leadership theories and models, including situational leadership and system leadership, are discussed. The report further explores key approaches to operation management, detailing the importance of these approaches in achieving business objectives. It also analyzes how elements in the business environment impact operational management and decision-making, as well as how different factors affect the business environment. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings and insights.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
Definition and comparison of different roles and characteristics of leader and manager......3
Function of managers and role of leader within an organisation...........................................5
Example of role of leader along with function of manager apply in various situation..........5
Apply different theories along with models of approach, including situational leadership,
system leadership along with consistency..............................................................................6
PART 2............................................................................................................................................7
Explain the key approaches to operation management along with role of leader and mangers. 7
Importance and value of operation management to achieve business objectives..................9
Analyse elements in business environment which have the impact upon operational
management along with decision-making by managers and leaders....................................10
Analyse how different factors affect business environment.................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Aim of this report is to understand leadership and management concept along with leader
and operation management in business sector. In business sector, management and operation
refers to a process which is concerns with transformation of processed good in finished products.
This report aims to understand the concept and management which is to examine its impact on
business. For this report chosen company is TESCO, which is a multinational company having
headquarter in UK. This entity deals with different retailers, hypermarkets and supermarkets etc.
This report consist of different characteristics of mangers and leaders, along with roles, in this
report comprises of different theories and models including key operations to management and
factors which are there affecting the business environment which effect the operation
management (Ford, 2018).
MAIN BODY
PART 1
Definition and comparison of different roles and characteristics of leader and manager
Managers- Manager is a person who is responsible for the activities like motivating,
supervising and directing the staff members for different process in business. Manager have the
power to lead each functioning department of company that is there in business for proper
functioning of all function to run in constant manner. Managers have the main task that is to
make an appropriate strategy that can help to perform best in marketplace.
Leaders- Leaders are the one who are having the capability to finish their work with the
help of staff member along with considering the objectives of business. Leaders have the
capability to instruct and motivate the employee to achieve the objectives of an organisation
within given period of time. To enhance companies productivity level there is need to motivate
their staff members (Husband, 2019).
Difference between managers and leaders
Managers and leaders have different function but seems like they are playing same type
of role which means they looks like interchangeable. Managers are the one who sets the
objective of the organisation which is according to vision and mission of an organisation. After
setting up the objective, there is role of leaders to communicate decided objective with their staff

members. Along with this, there is need to motivate them in such a manner that they willingly
follow the guidelines which are given by their leaders to attain objective.
MANAGERS LEADERS
Managers have the responsibility to set the
objectives of organisation. Then need to
communicate all policies with leaders of their
company and Tesco managers follows the
same.
Leaders works on objectives which are set by
managers and then communicate all policies
with employee effectively. This help Tesco to
achiever their objective effectively.
There can be seen that manger provides
instruction and direction to the groups and
different function. Managers of Tesco should
provide their instruction to everyone with
suitable manner (Carter and Peters, 2016).
In other hand, leaders instruct their team
members to achieve the goal and objective of
within given period of time.
There is an important role of manager is to
manage all the resources specially human
resources and implement in the plan with an
effective manner,
Leaders are the one who influence staff
members in relation to work with high level of
potential to achieve the objective of
organisation.
Managers are reprehensible to develop some
effective strategy and different idea for
improvement of company.
Leaders are obliged to execute those activities
and ideas in an effective manner (Knoll, 2016).
Tesco is a British multinational company which offers high quality grocery and home
essentials in more than 13 countries globally. Higher authority of an Tesco are very effective and
talented. In relation to make the strategy and to implement their strategy in well manner. This
leads to enhance the productivity and performance of organisation. There can be analyse that
managers are the one who develop the standard for performing task whereas, leaders are there to
communicate those skills to their team members and staff in effective manner. This directly lead
to completion of work according to time and requirement. Thus, it can determine that this
differential role of leader and mangers leads to growth and development of an organisation.

Function of managers and role of leader within an organisation
Planning- it is one of the significant function of manager of TESCO, to plan and set aim
and objective to increase the sales along with revenue level of an organisation. It can be analysed
that strategy which are developed by mangers of the organisation Tesco aims to continuous
improvement along with performance of the company (Braun. and van Dick, 2017). Whereas,
leaders of Tesco need to communicate those roles which are set by mangers. There is need to
provide a better explanation. Along with this they need to explain their role to achieve the goals
and objectives of the organisation.
Organising- There is use of all the resources which are there used by the higher authority
in such a way that it can able to achieve the goal and objective of organisation. Here, role of
leader of Tesco is to allocate all the resources and to motivate all their staff members. This can
help them to use all resources in optimal manner. This can help to get the better productive result
for Tesco.
Directing- Manager of Tesco are able to assign different task to staff members whereas,
leaders have to perform roles for developing team and give them instruction how to attain the
objectives which is set by mangers for organisation.
Staffing- Manager of Tesco able to hire talented and effective staff members and able to
assign task on the basis of their interest and skills which can help to get better response and
competencies within employees. Leader motivate and influence their employee for to use the
skills and ability to achieve the objective and goal of organisation (Browning, 2018).
Coordinating- Tesco managers coordinate each and every functions like production,
research, finance etc. of the company. Here, role of leader is to coordinate all task and activities
which can help to implement in better manner,
Controlling- Strategy development and implementation of that strategy are there by
manger and leaders respectively. There is monitoring of all the functions and in other hand,
leader are able to analyse the overall performance and outcome of staff members. They also
analyse stet of standard which is developed by Tesco's higher authority to full fill the purpose to
attain the goal.
Example of role of leader along with function of manager apply in various situation
Situation Role of manager Role of leader

In COVID situation there
company is not getting more
sales of their product.
Customer are visiting less to
supermarket and avoiding
extra purchase.
Role of manager is to make
some strategy which can help
their customer to stay safe
from virus. Strategy can help
business to recover again and
can keep business run again as
previously.
Role of leader is to implment
those strategy which are made
by manager in effective
manner. This can help in to
achieve high sales in less time
and to increase the profit along
with sales.
Company is adopting new
technology which is there can
increase in productivity of
company and staff are resisting
to learn new technology.
Manager should evaluate its
real benefit and adopting cost
which is either beneficial for
company or not. Then there is
need to share information
regarding this technology to
leaders.
Leader need to motivate their
staff to learn its operation
techniques which can be resist
by employee to use this
technology. Motivating
employees can help to learn
new tech by staff and help in
increasing productivity of
company.
Apply different theories along with models of approach, including situational leadership, system
leadership along with consistency
Leadership have an important role in company which can increase the efficiency level of
employees. It is important for leader to get the leadership theory, so goals and objective can
achieve in better manner. There are different types of leadership theory such as contingency,
situation, system leadership theory (Arriaga, 2016).
Leadership Advantage Disadvantage
Contingency
leadership
This states that there are no any perfect
leadership style along with success of
an organisation r5ely on the leader,
followers and situations. There is main
focus on different situation factors
which involves leader style, behaviour
This helps to focus
on single, and is
able to change
according to
situation that Tesco
can have better
Sometimes it
becomes very
hard to manage.
Practically it is
more complex.

of followers, capabilities. chance to adopt this.
System
leadership
System leadership states that an
organisation is a large body rather than
any individual which comprises of
different subsystem (Solaja, 2016).
This helps to
increase Tesco
productivity. This
also helps to boost
morale of
employees.
Takes more time
in performing
task. Also fosters
a personalities
clash.
Above discussed theories used by an organisation which is depending upon company
requirement along with decision making process. Above leadership styles are able to help Tesco
that manager and leaders are able to use their advantages in relation to get positive productivity.
So, there is need to be careful during choosing any of those leadership styles for the better
performance along with better result.
PART 2
Explain the key approaches to operation management along with role of leader and mangers
There are different key approaches which can help in better operation management.
Along with this, they are also able to make better strategy which gives the better result in the
performance and productivity of company or organisation.
Approaches Explanation
TQM This is an approach which can help to get better management to
manage the quality of the production. This can help to get better result
in the production. TQM manager should ensure about the quality is
better to full fill the need and expectation of customer which are there
buying for. This is the strategy which help the brand to increase the
goodwill of firm which is due to provide the better quality of product
to the market. This leads to improve the customer satisfaction level
which is one of main focus of firm to get better demand of the product.
This also helps in to retain the customer or end user which is beneficial
for business.

Strength- This is able to improve the quality of product which is to
increase the quality that can creates value to customer (Hagen, 2016).
Weaknesses- It is hard to maintain high quality of product on regular
basis. This is due to regular production and different product and lack
of time.
Just in time This one is concerned with method of production which is there in the
business. In this, inventory is reduced along with there can be seen in
increasing efficiency level which is at higher scale. In context to Tesco,
company is able to reduce the production cost and help in to save the
higher cost of production. This strategy which is there uses by the
company to in large scale. In this time, Tesco is following the rule of
reducing the waste which is there during the production and able to
help in reduce the production cost.
Strength- This helps to increase the overall efficiency of company
which leads to high profit.
Weaknesses- There is need to use the high smart tactics which is
required for current situation and using just in time, there can be
decrease in manufacturing.
Lean production Tesco is using this technique, in which there is less production which is
according to the demand. This helps in reducing the wastage of the
product along with this, it also helps in reducing the inventory cost
which is there can be due to higher level of stocking of the finished
product. Reduce in the wastage helps in to increase the productivity
and to use the resources in efficient way. This one mostly uses in the
production company to attain minimum wastage of raw material. This
is generally uses by the multinational company which are there
producing on high level (O’Neill, 2016). Manager should focus on this
for the proper regulation of this approach.
Strength- This helps in reducing the cost on production, increasing the
profitability of firm.

Disadvantage- This process is beneficial but during operation of this
approach there is chances of conflict in between different member of
company.
Role of leader
 Required at all level- in this role there is need all the time of leader which can help
company to maintain good relationship with their employees.
 Representative of organisation- In this, leader are the representative of their employee
who are one of the best resources of company.
 Effective time management- Role of leader is to manage time to enhance the
productivity which is there of subordinates on higher level. This role of leader helps to
get output efficiently.
 Motivating employees- Leader need to act as philosopher which helps to motivate staff
and employee to done the work on time with better efficiency (Bai and et. al., 2016).
 Implementation of strategy on ground level- There are the one who are responsible to
implement strategy which is made buy mangers for better business and development.
Role of manager
 Daily responsibility- Mangers are the backbone of firm. They are the one who is
responsible to manage all the resources in a proper way which can give high productivity
along with profit.
 Evaluation- They are having the role to examine the work progress and to mange the
time which can help to schedule of project.
 Delegation- They are the multi-task performer who are able to manage various task at
same time which make the company create uniformity at workplace (Sancha, 2016).
 Liaising- They also play a big role in between the two parties during any business deal
for any particular firm. They are able to make positive relationship which can help to get
better business in future.
In above, there are various approaches have been discussed which is able to describe the
role of leader and manger briefly. There are different role which are there played by the leader
and manger to get better productivity of Tesco.

Importance and value of operation management to achieve business objectives
Operation management plays a crucial role in to achieve the objectives of company. This
is able to help the business to assist the process of managing, controlling, supervising of goods
along with raw material within business.
Increase revenue- operation management is able to increase profit share of firm which
leads to increase in the revenue. This increase in revenue is used by Tesco to expand business
which increase the business activity. Resultant, it increases the production and ultimately give
high profit to firm.
Customer satisfaction- Due to better role of operation management, company is able to
maintain their goodwill in market. This is due to delivering the quality of product which make
customer satisfy. Tesco is able to product the product according to need of customer.
Reduced operating cost- This is done by production according to demand which leads to
reduce the operating cost by using the proper resources at optimum level along with this it also
helps in reducing the wastage cost.
Therefore, it can conclude that operation management is essential part of business in
relation to customer satisfaction which need to carry out in efficient manner. Reducing in
operating cost gives better performance along with higher profit (Ferraz, 2016).
Analyse elements in business environment which have the impact upon operational management
along with decision-making by managers and leaders
In company, there are many factors which help operation management along with
decision making by managers.
Corporate social responsibility- In this, there is integration of social and economical in
business to contribute in community and society.
Internal aspect- Corporate social responsibility is having high impact which is due to
there is need to take decision according to rules and regulation. This effects Tesco, which is to
focus on the expectation of society and community.
External aspect- There is need to focus on local community along with natural
environment and consumers to provide better product.
Culture- In this, Tesco is having difference in culture which is due to different opinion
and places.

Internal aspect- This is needed to finish the cultural difference which is regarding to get
better performance in the high productivity of company. There is need to ensure the policies to
run the business in effective manner. There are different types of culture which includes role,
task, power etc.
External aspect- There is chance of getting conflict which is due to change in culture and
have differences in culture. Miscommunication chances are high which can lead to impact the
productivity of Tesco.
From above, it has been identified that external environment is able to highly effect
Tesco's operational management. Discussed key features are there which is able to effect the
business in decision-making by managers.
Analyse how different factors affect business environment
These factor are able to effect business environment in this CSR. There is contribution
towards society and in absence of this, there can create some issues in which society don't accept.
Due to this, company's goodwill decreases. This leads to decrease in demand of product and
subsequently decrease in profit. Variation in culture creates difficulty which reduced the speed of
productivity of company. To minimise cultural difference in company which also give the
positive impact when it used as the advantage. Due to cultural difference there is different ideas
which can be used in business for better development of business. This helps in to get better
strategy and by using different ideas there can be better implementation along with motivation of
employee can be there. These factor can have both positive and negative effect which totally
depends on company's way of dealing with these factors (Išoraitė, 2016). Tesco should use
different leadership style in different situation that could be best according to situations and leads
to attain goals and objectives of company.
CONCLUSION
From above discussion, it can be concluded that operation and management is a wider
concept which needs to understand in better way. Different role and functions of manager and
leader make different functions of company to run in smooth manner. In this report, there is
discussion about different roles and characteristics of leader and management along with there is
different range of theories and concepts. There is explanation of how role of leader and function

of manager apply in different situational contexts. There is also description about situational
leadership, system leadership along with contingency. This report also contains key approaches
to operation management along with value to successfully achieve business objectives. There are
different factors within business environment which have the impact upon operation
management along with decision-making by managers and leaders.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Arriaga, 2016. Surgeons' leadership styles and team behavior in the operating room. Journal of
the American College of Surgeons, 222(1), pp.41-51.
Bai and et. al., 2016. Contract governance and buyer–supplier conflict: The moderating role of
institutions. Journal of Operations Management, 41, pp.12-24.
Braun. and van Dick, 2017. Think manager—think male, think follower—think female: Gender
bias in implicit followership theories. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47(7),
pp.377-388.
Browning, 2018. Self-leadership: Why it matters. International Journal of Business and Social
Science, 9(2), pp.14-18.
Carter and Peters, 2016. The underrepresentation of African American women in executive
leadership: What’s getting in the way. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 7(4),
pp.115-134.
Contreras, 2016. Servant and spiritual leadership theories: Are they two different
notions?. Journal of Human Values, 22(3), pp.202-208.
Ferraz, 2016. Measurement tool to assess the relationship between corporate social
responsibility, training practices and business performance. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 129, pp.659-672.
Ford, 2018. Followers in leadership theory: Fiction, fantasy and illusion. Leadership, 14(1), pp.3-
24.
Hagen, 2016. We knew it all along! Using cognitive science to explain how andragogy
works. European Journal of Training and Development.
Husband, 2019. Reimagining Middle Leadership in Further Education Report of the Middle
Leaders Working Group. Journal of Studies in Practice and Culture in Education, 2(1).
Išoraitė, 2016. Marketing mix theoretical aspects. International Journal of Research-
Granthaalayah, 4(6), pp.25-37.
Knoll, 2016. Examining the moral grey zone: The role of moral disengagement, authenticity, and
situational strength in predicting unethical managerial behavior. Journal of Applied
Social Psychology, 46(1), pp.65-78.
O’Neill, 2016. Quality management approaches and their impact on firms׳ financial
performance–An Australian study. International Journal of Production Economics, 171,
pp.381-393.
Sancha, 2016. Achieving a socially responsible supply chain through assessment and
collaboration. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, pp.1934-1947.
Solaja, 2016. Exploring the relationship between leadership communication style, personality
trait and organizational productivity. Serbian Journal of Management, 11(1), pp.99-117.