Organisations: Leadership and Management Report - NHS Analysis

This report delves into the core concepts of leadership and management, emphasizing their significance in organizational success. It begins by defining leadership and management, highlighting their similarities and differences, and examining various leadership theories, including trait and transformational leadership. The report then evaluates a leadership development program run by the NHS, a publicly funded healthcare organization in the UK, analyzing its importance, description, and benefits. The study uses the NHS as a case study to illustrate how leaders and managers perform their roles in a large workplace. The assignment aims to demonstrate basic differences and similarities between leadership and management. Furthermore, the report explores the practical application of leadership theories and development programs within a real-world organizational context. The report concludes with a summary of key findings and implications for effective leadership and management practices.

Organisations: Leadership and
Management

Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................1
2. Review on leadership and management theories.........................................................................1
2.1 Concept of leadership and management................................................................................1
2.2 Similarities and Difference between leadership and management........................................3
2.3 Evaluation of Leadership theories.........................................................................................4
3. Leadership Development Programme..........................................................................................6
3.1 Importance of leadership training and development for organisation...................................6
3.2 Description and Evaluation of leadership development programme run by NHS................6
3.3 Benefits of leadership programme.........................................................................................8
4. Conclusion...................................................................................................................................9
5. References..................................................................................................................................11

1. Introduction
Leadership and Management are considered as two main concepts that help an organisation,
in achievement of its goals and objectives (Chakraborty and Kaynak, 2016). Through effective
leadership style and appropriate management plan, a firm can easily energize its employee. It
also helps leaders and managers to provide specific direction to associated staff, for their
contribution in accomplishment of major tasks, in set period of time. Practices based on these
two concepts like training, learning and development program, incentive plans and more, lead a
company to achieve its success both at personal and organisational level (Birasnav, 2014).
Hereby, leadership refers to a process of influencing people or a group towards corporate goals.
While management defines a way to get efforts and positive contribution of people for
accomplishment of same. As it becomes highly essential for each and every company to offer
best products and services in unique manner to customers. Therefore, for this purpose, managers
of such firms emphasis more on developing skills and knowledge of employees, that enable them
to enhance performance of business (Bryman, 2013). In this regard, implementing different types
of leadership and management theories in its practices, that aid them to influence workers to give
their cooperation for achievement of same.
In present assignment, the main discussion is done on importance of management and
leadership in a company, especially for leading the business towards sustainable competition. For
this purpose, NHS is chosen for understanding the way its managers and leaders performs their
role for managing its large workplace. This publicly funded organisation of UK deals in
healthcare sector, where most of its services are free for maintaining health and well-being of
people. Points which will be cover in this report includes review of leadership and management
key theories, to demonstrate basic difference and similarities between them. In addition to this,
leadership development programme run by NHS organisation with relevant literature is also
discussed, to evaluate benefits of same at individual and organisational level.
2. Review on leadership and management theories
2.1 Concept of leadership and management
Leadership refers to an important factor to lead an organization towards success and
sustainable growth (Kim, Halpin and Morrison, 2017). It can be defined as a process or an art of
influencing people towards accomplishment of assigned tasks with adequate willingness,
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efficiency and competency. A line manager without leadership cannot transforms the potential of
employees into reality. In this regard, after developing the effective leadership, managers of a
firm instead of forcing organisation culture can create the same, with positive cooperation of
each employee. It also helps in developing and maintaining open as well as effective
communication is effective and open (Kiersch and Peters, 2017). Furthermore, for providing
information about vision and corporate goals of business, leadership concept aid managers or
leaders in identifying the suitable path, so that input of every employee can be put to accomplish
it. This would help employees also to feel equally important for running a business successfully,
that boost their morale also (Kellerman, 2012). Along with this, concept of leadership is mainly
used to meet three main challenges that are - providing a shared vision where the business is
heading including its purpose behind same; setting objectives by concerning on needs as per
organisational and individual level by converting strategic vision as well as directional course
into potential outcomes for success; and the last challenge is to provide these specific
information to employees for generating and developing a better strategy for achievement of
same.
Other most important concept in business includes management, which is also essential for
running business in sustainable manner, with higher level of competency (Hargett and et. al.,
2017). For achievement of organisational objectives, management theories helps in identifying
and arranging the factors of production; assembling and organising resources; integrating of all
operational processes and more. After determining main goal of business, managers of a firm
mainly emphasis on managing entire resources with aim to minimise wastages and optimum
utilisation of same (Grossman and Valiga, 2016). For this purpose, managers and leaders both
work in collaboration to convert less effective resources, unproductive employees, machines and
whole work into useful resources, by applying the effective theories of management like
Administrative Management Theory, Bureaucratic Theory of Management, Behavioural
Management Theory and more. Along with this, for getting maximum outcomes, concept of
management also helps in using minimum input through adequate planning and systematic
approach (Gopee and Galloway, 2017). For this purpose, managers use physical, manpower and
financial resources more efficiently which results in reducing the cost and optimisation of same.
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2.2 Similarities and Difference between leadership and management
According to views of Giltinane (2013), it has been analysed that for operating a business
successfully, it becomes highly essential for each and every firm to implement the concept of
both management and leadership. It would help in underpinning the manner in which corporate
vision can be shared with staff members adequately, as well as gain best performance of them for
achievement of the same (Galuska, 2014). Therefore, in order to integrate both concepts, it is
essential for managers and leaders of a firm to identifying the similarities and different between
them, as shown below –
Similarities between leadership and management
Management and leadership activities both are concerned on completing needs of people at
organisational and individual level first (Eichenseer and Moser, 2019). These concepts help a
firm in identifying where business has been lack its performance as well as manner in which the
same can be improved. For this purpose, both managers and leaders perform the crucial role in
determining ways to get motivated workforce, by determining capabilities and weaknesses of
each employee. This would help in organising proper training for workers to improve their
performance, by increasing their capabilities and skills at equal level. Through this process, a
firm gets positive environment at workplace also, because having less knowledge and skill gap,
make people to feel equally (David and David, 2016). This would lead to reduce conflicts
between them and increase sharing abilities also, so that expectation of company towards them
can be met. Leadership and management functions are also quite similar, because both concepts
mainly aim to bring coordination among workers, with aim to achieve common goals.
Management helps a firm in setting and making plans to achieve organizational goals by
performing the functions like – forecasting, organising, coordinating, training as well as
monitoring the entire operations (Chemers, 2014). In the same way, leadership concept includes
functions like ability to influence and make others to follow directive goals, way to provide
guidance and more. Therefore, both concepts look similar to each other, as they both emphasis
on organising the business and entire resources, in such a manner that higher outcomes can be
obtained.
Differences between management and leadership
The most identifying fact that overlaps leadership on management concept is that good
leadership in a firm always includes proper responsibilities for managing. But for managing
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duties and responsibilities, it is essential for a manager to get support of others, where leadership
helps in getting the same by positively influencing associated people (Chakraborty and Kaynak,
2016). Therefore, difference of both concepts can be evaluated in following way –
Management Leadership
This concept helps managers of a firm in
implementing tactical actions for
accomplishment of short term goals.
Leadership helps managers or leaders in
creating new aims and vision, by emphasising
on both organisational and personal needs .
For managing business and accomplishing a
targeted goal, detailed budgeting is required
While through leadership, financial targeted
can be established by concerning that each and
every requirement of business can be fulfilled.
Management helps in timely measuring the
business outcomes and reporting performance
While leadership helps in determining what
needs to be measured and reported for
estimating the achievement of business
outcomes
For meeting both short-term and long-term
goals, organisational rules and policies are
applied in management process
In context with leadership, it makes new rules
and policies are per capability of business and
employed workers to achieve both short-term
and long-term goals
Management also concerns on hiring people
for getting talented workforce, so that new
competency of business can be developed.
While for developing business competency and
getting talented workforce, leadership concepts
instead of hiring new staff, emphasis more on
creating new roles and responsibilities for
existing employees, so that productivity of
them can be developed.
2.3 Evaluation of Leadership theories
As per theoretical perception of Weberg (2013), it has been identified for achievement of
both long-term and short-term goals, a number of leadership theories can be used by leaders or
managers of a firm. It includes Trait theory, Behavioural Theory, Contingency Theory,
Charismatic Leadership, Transformation and more (Storey, 2016). All these theories provide
different-different ways to motivate, influence and encourage associated staff to work hard, by
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giving their best performance and more contribution for meeting expectation of business, in
desired period of time. Utilisation of such theories by managers or leaders of a company can lead
them to develop coordination among workers and increase sharing abilities of them, so that
minimum input can help in getting maximum output (Stacey, 2012). Along with this, leadership
theories also help a firm in getting high retention of workers for longer period of time, by
completing their each and every needs (either organisational or individual based) to provide job
satisfaction under them. For this purpose, to meet objective goals, concept of two main theories
are discussed as below –
Trait theory of leadership:
This theory of leadership mainly helps a firm in identifying the specific way for
effectively leading a business, where it emphasis leaders to apply their personal characteristics
for motivating and mobilizing the followers towards targeted vision (Smith and Peterson, 2017).
As per this theory, an effective leader is born with has certain skills, traits and knowledge that
enable them, to easily influence a group of people for accomplishment of a certain goal. Such
traits include strong facilitator, impressive personality, influencing skills and effective
communication with social behaviour, which helps a person to gain an effective leadership
position (Schoemaker, Heaton and Teece, 2018). In this regard, to apply trait theory of leadership
in business, a leader or manager must have the following skills and abilities -
Self-confidence: Having this skill, a leader can influence the team members with strong
belief to perform a task in best manner (Sahne and Sar, 2017). This would also help in boosting
morale of staff members when they work under guidance of confident leader.
Passion: To lead a team towards achievement of common goal, it is essential for leader to
have passion in performing the job role with full dedication and efficiency.
Honesty: to become an effective leader, a person needs to be honest in performing own
responsibility, by developing trust and respect under the team members. This would help in
getting proper contribution of each member for accomplishment of setting goals.
Personal skills: Combination of effective communication skills, interpersonal abilities
and pleasant behaviour helps a leader in making interaction with associated people more easily
(Matthews, 2018). This would further aid to provide information about company’s current
mission and goals to employees more easily, with high contribution of them to achieve the same.
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Transformational leadership:
Transformation leaders are those persons who have capabilities to eliminate
communication barriers, which makes them able to run effective functioning smoothly within
organisation (Weberg, 2013). As to run business sustainably it becomes necessary for companies
to make changes in their businesses, therefore, it arise challenges in front of managers and
leaders to implement the same due to high resistivity of workers. In this regard, when changes
implement and execute poorly i.e. without support of employees then it may deteriorate the
organisational performance as well as lead to decline (Storey, 2016). So, transformational leaders
help in driving inspiration among workers to accept changes, by informing the purpose to make
alterations in business. Along with this, having transformational leadership aid managers to
develop followers who are capable to give best performance beyond the expectations of business
(Chakraborty and Kaynak, 2016). So, adopting this style in own leadership enable leaders or
managers to bring positive engagement among workers, lowers turnover costs by retaining them
for longer period and more. This would help in satisfying needs of organisation as well as in
earning higher contribution of workers, for achievement of business goals.
3. Leadership Development Programme
3.1 Importance of leadership training and development for organisation
Programmes based such Leadership training and development provides beneficial for a
company, in getting productive workforce with effective leaders and managers, who are perfect
in performing their roles and responsibilities in best way. By organising such programmes, aid a
firm in increasing skills and knowledge of those persons, who have capabilities to become
effective managers and leaders (Galuska, 2014). By getting training and development course,
staff members can analyse the way to resolve different situation of business, with suitable ways.
Such programs are mainly run to make few selected members to analyse complete situation of
business, as well as evaluate how various concepts of management and leadership will help in
dealing with the same. Through this purpose, leaders and managers both become highly capable
for contributing their efforts in managing the workplace and motivating workers to give best
performance (Chemers, 2014). There are number of benefits a firm can get by providing
leadership training to employees, where some of them are highlighted as below –
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Increasing productivity – The consistent and right leadership help in increasing the
productivity of people (Eichenseer and Moser, 2019). At primarily level this would help leaders
to understand associated workers emotionally, because leadership training encompasses with
emotional intelligence that aid in developing positive relationship between managers and leaders,
as well as with entire staff.
Retain workers: When there is a positive relationship among managers and staff, then it
would also help to retain talented people within organisation, through longer period (David and
David, 2016). Therefore, investing in providing leadership training, would help a firm to reduce
cost on recruitment process.
3.2 Description and Evaluation of leadership development programme run by NHS
In this report formative evaluation has been done on NHS’s Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
programme, it further includes that all the criteria in this program is judged in an effective
manner. In this has been evaluated that this program mainly has eligibility criteria for the
formative candidates (Giltinane, 2013). In this selection of only potential candidates are done,
this program ensures recruitment of candidates those who are having experience and skills that
are required in healthcare industry. With the help of NHS’s Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
programme only non-clinical professional and middle to senior clinical are accepted in the
formative healthcare industry who possess ambition to perform their roles in large size services
and departments. Further this program also seeks for those candidates who are having UK
Honours degree in a particular subject. In addition to this they must have a minimum score of 2:2
or above grade in the segment of their qualification. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme
seeks for the candidates who are having minimum professional experience of more than 3 or
years in respective industrial segment (Gopee and Galloway, 2017). Thus, according to the
evaluation candidates who possess all the eligibility criteria that are required by Elizabeth Garrett
Anderson programme going to be selected for the further leadership training and development.
In addition to this it has been evaluated that this program is having affirmative structure
as it effectively provides assistance to potentially skilled candidates in order to develop and grow
them in both personal and professional level (Grossman and Valiga, 2016). This is being done in
order to make them efficient as well as effective leading individuals in healthcare entity. Along
with this, it has been evaluated that this leadership program mainly involved seven particular
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study models that are required to be accomplished by candidates during 24 month of part time
study (Stacey, 2012). Along with this main aim of this module is that to impart all the essential
knowledge skill behaviour and attitude in candidates as this is the most important aspect of
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme. This is requiring in order to transforming candidates
into an effective leader in health care unit and developed their professional career according to
the prevailing professional culture. Along with this that has been evaluated that Elizabeth Garrett
Anderson programme modules is being strategically design that enforce leadership in to
candidates (Hargett and et. al., 2017). In this they are required to undertake use of their work
role, past experience and prior task into practical actions in order to perform their activities in a
well-defined manner in healthcare industry. The course module of this program requires 15 hours
a week that are required to be study by candidate. In this candidates are provided with multiple
themes with the help of which they can support team and self in a well-defined manner.
Further it has been determined that Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme also involved
different type of learning methods that effectively facilitated leadership training and
development among its candidates (Kellerman, 2012). In this candidate by taking advantage of
innovative virtual campus, online tutor support methods, face-to-face developments can increase
their skill and knowledge and can perform their roles effectively in healthcare industry sector.
Along with this through this program, candidates are provided with world class experts those
who provide effective knowledge to students related to various subject. Main aim of this is to
enhance professional skills among candidates that are required to be performed by them in
healthcare industry (Kiersch and Peters, 2017). Along with this 50% of total study in this, is
segmented to work based application, in this candidates are required to practically undertake use
of activities that are learnt by them in online virtual campus. Along with this another 30%
categorise in the segment of academic online learning and assignment in which candidates
undertake theoretical knowledge related to leadership in healthcare industry (Kim, Halpin and
Morrison, 2017). Along with this further 15% of the course is for face-to-face development
workshops along with interactive training activities.
On the effective execution of the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme, individuals are
acknowledge to be able to carry out the work of senior leader within the confines of health care
sector as per the learning outcomes associated with the concerned programme. In this regard, it
has been acknowledged that this provides individuals with the opportunity to effectively lead the
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health care entities for the guarantee of provision of safe and positive environment and services
to the service users (Bryman, 2013). Candidates now have effective comprehensibility of the
manner in which the operations can lead to enhancement of experience driven by users of health
care. Apart from this, it is seen that the candidates are able to provide proper guidance and
support to the group members and other associates so that patients can derive effective set of
services. Such candidates have proper knowledge of the theoretical and academic content with
the help of which they can effectually performance the roles of senior leader within the confines
of a health care entity (Birasnav, 2014). In addition to this, they are able to understand the
manner through which the individuals can best make use of and apply theoretical framework as
applicable to practical instances such that the overall efficiency as well as effectiveness of heath
care services can be enhanced thereby providing aid in imparting high quality care and associates
services to the patients. This implies saving more number of lives and giving them due care and
other health care services.
3.3 Benefits of leadership programme
By organising The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Leadership Programme give a number of benefits
to NHS at both individual and organisational level (Chakraborty and Kaynak, 2016). Through
this programme, this organisation gets high motivated and trained workforce, for providing best
quality services to people, for their well-being and maintenance of health. To analyse
effectiveness of this mentioned programme, benefits at both individual and organisational level
can be determined in following way –
Individual Benefits:
 This leadership program helps nursing staff and other associated members of NHS in
developing their skills and knowledge, as well as increase their capabilities for providing
support to people in improving their health.
 Members belong to upper and lower level of management team, get analyse the way to
handle different critical situation at workplace, by applying various leadership concepts
and theories in their functions (Smith and Peterson, 2017). It also helps them in analysing
the importance of leadership for managing such a large workplace of NHS, which is
essential to maintain its reputation in healthcare sector.
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