Leadership and Management in Business: A Comprehensive Overview

This report delves into the core concepts of leadership and management, examining the critical role they play in achieving organizational objectives. It defines key approaches in operations management, including Six Sigma and Lean Manufacturing, and outlines the roles of managers and leaders in driving efficiency and productivity. The report explores the significance of operations management in enhancing product quality, customer satisfaction, and overall business success, using Marks & Spencer as a case study. It also analyzes how both internal and external factors within the business environment impact operational management and decision-making processes. The conclusion highlights the importance of effective leadership and management in fostering a productive and profitable business environment, emphasizing the need for managers to possess strong leadership skills to motivate and influence their teams. References to relevant literature are also included.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT
CONCEPTS

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Table
of
content
• .• INTRODUCTION
• Define the important
approaches of operations
management along with the
roles of manager and leaders
• What is the significance of
operations management in
achieving the objectives of the
business
• Explain the factors of business
environment which have an

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• Leadership refers to a process of influencing and encouraging other people to work
efficiently in order to achieve the objectives of the organization. It is an informal process
which leads to motivation of the individuals. A good leader is the one who has the capability
to motivate and develop the individuals to bring out the best of their potentials. A leader
must commit to their tasks and responsibilities, have good communication skills and can
take right decisions at right time.
INTRODUCTION

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Define the important
approaches of
operations
management along
with the roles of
manager and leaders.• Operations management theory is a set of techniques which are
used by the organizations with an aim to increase the productivity
and efficiencies of the organization. It refers to using the resources
in a proper way without the wastage. The modern operations
management covers the following theories- six sigma, lean
manufacturing, business process redesign and reconfigurable
manufacturing systems (Hallinger and Kovačević, 2021).
• Six Sigma- Six sigma approach is a theory that
focuses on quality and it was developed at Motorola. The word
'six' refers to the control limits which are placed at six standard
deviations from the normal distribution. The approach gained
popularity after the General Electric took an initiative to adopt the
six sigma approach. A six sigma project in every organization
defines the sequence and financial targets which have to be
achieved. Tools of the six sigma approach are charts, ratios, etc.
•

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Continue…
• Lean Manufacturing approach- Lean
manufacturing approach is used with
an aim to eliminate or reduce the risk
during the manufacturing process. The
theory helps in analysing the waste
occurred through the uneven workload
like overburdening. It states that
resources must be used only with the
aim of value creation in the
organization. Apart from this, utilising

Click icon to add picture Click icon to add pictureWhat is the
significance of
operations
management in
achieving the
objectives of the
business.
• The operations management of an organization must be
efficient in order to create and maintain the engagement
of the employees along with defining the functions and
responsibilities which need to be performed by the
personnels while working in the Organisation. If the
operations management of the organization is effective
and significant it helps in eliminating and overcoming of
all the hurdles occurring in the organization. Hence, The
workflow and production of the organization goes
unaffected by the hurdles due to a strong strategic
management of operations. The importance or the
significance of the operations management that adds
value to Marks & Spencer are as follows-
• Increase in product or service quality: The operations
management at Marks & Spencer work in order to ensure
the quality of products and services that the organization
deals in. It can be done with the help of checklist.
Maintaining a checklist to ensure if the objectives and the
goals that are identified by the organization, are meeting
with the customer needs. The operation management also

• Continue…
• Customer satisfaction: In
the present era, the
organisations are customer
oriented rather than profit
oriented. The customers of an
organization can either give
height to the business or
simply give a crash. At marks
& Spencer they give value to
the customer feedback. As it
is very difficult for an
organization to retain its
28

• The business environment consists of two words, Business and environment.
Business refers to buying and selling of goods and services to the customers
with an aim of earn profit. Environment is referred to the surrounding of a
place which has its effects on the particular place. Therefore a business
environment can be referred to the surroundings of a business entity which
has its impact on the operation of business activities. The business
environment is affected by both internal as well as external factors of the
organization. There are various internal and external factors of business
environment which have an impact on the decision making process and
operational management by the managers and leaders are as follows-
• Corporate objectives- Corporate objectives are the core objectives of a
business and hence it is the main or the crucial internal factor which affect the
operations management at Marks & Spencer. The corporate objectives must
Explain the factors of business
environment which have an impact
on the operational management and
decision making process by the
managers and the leaders.

• It can be concluded from the above study that the leadership and
management concepts play a vital role in the operation of the business
organization. These help in achieving the targets of an organisation
effectively and efficiently. It can be concluded that a leader need not be
a manager but a manger must be a good leader in order to influence
and motivate the personnel's of the organization. Efficient leadership
and management of a firm leads to increase in productivity and profits
to the organisation. Operation management deals with activities which
increases the efficiency of the business by reducing losses and
minimising the cost of production which ultimately leads to increase in
profits of the organization.
CONCLUSION

• Gopee, N. and Galloway, J., 2017. Leadership and management in
healthcare. Sage.
• Hallinger, P. and Kovačević, J., 2021. Science mapping the knowledge base
in educational leadership and management: A longitudinal bibliometric
analysis, 1960 to 2018. Educational Management Administration &
Leadership. 49(1). pp.5-30.
• Hallinger, P., 2018. Surfacing a hidden literature: A systematic review of
research on educational leadership and management in
Africa. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. 46(3).
pp.362-384.
• Huber, D., 2017. Leadership and nursing care management-e-book.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
REFERENCES

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