Leadership and Management in Non-Profit: Australian Red Cross Report

This report delves into the critical roles of leadership and management within non-profit organizations, specifically using the Australian Red Cross as a case study. It begins with an introduction to leadership and management concepts, emphasizing their importance for organizational success, particularly in non-profit settings. The report outlines the aim, objectives, and research questions, followed by a rationale and discussion of the study's significance. A comprehensive literature review explores the concepts of leadership and management, methods, and their application within non-profit organizations. The research methodology is detailed, covering research type, approach, philosophy, data collection, sampling, data analysis, ethical considerations, and limitations. The report analyzes leadership and management strategies, providing recommendations for the Australian Red Cross. The conclusion summarizes key findings, followed by a reflection on the study and a list of references. The report also includes a discussion on the importance of ethics in research.

Leadership and management

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Aim...............................................................................................................................................5
Objectives.....................................................................................................................................5
Research questions.......................................................................................................................6
Rationale......................................................................................................................................6
Significance..................................................................................................................................6
Literature review..........................................................................................................................7
Concept of leadership and management......................................................................................7
Methods of leadership and management......................................................................................9
Leadership and Management in non profit Organization..........................................................12
Research methodology...................................................................................................................14
Research type.............................................................................................................................14
Research approach.....................................................................................................................15
Research philosophy..................................................................................................................16
Data collection...........................................................................................................................17
Sampling....................................................................................................................................18
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................19
Ethics..........................................................................................................................................20
Validity and reliability...............................................................................................................20
Research limitations...................................................................................................................20
Data analysis..................................................................................................................................21
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................40
Reflection...................................................................................................................................41
References......................................................................................................................................43
What Is Ethics in Research & Why Is It Important?......................................................................44
What Is Ethics in Research & Why Is It Important?......................................................................44

What Is Ethics in Research & Why Is It Important?......................................................................44
Abstract
The following report focuses on the leadership and management in the non – profit organisation.
This report provides detail information amount the leadership and management of Australian Red
Cross. Apart from this literature review and various researches methodology is being discussed
in this report.

Introduction
Leadership plays a critical role in any organisation whether it is a non profit organisation or the
aim of the organisation is to earn maximum profit (Golenskyand et.al2020). Leadership can make
or break the organisation. As the success of any organisation totally depends on the leadership
and Management. Management of the organisation is responsible for making various Strategies
and policies for the development of the organisation. But leadership is the one who executes all
the strategies made by management and it also motivated and courage the employees to perform
their work effectively in the organisation. Leadership is the key of non profit organisation as it
helps in meeting all the objectives and goals of the organisation so that organisation does not
have to face any kind of issues in the long run. Good leadership help the organisation to survive
in the competitive edge and also boost the morale of employees towards their work and assist the
employees to produce extraordinary work. The following report focuses on the leadership and

Management in the non-profit organisation. Non profit organisation is those businesses which
gets fund by the internal revenue service’s because the main motive is to provide social care and
concern for the people not to earn profit. Non profit organisation works dedicatedly for the
benefit of public. They run their day to day operations with the help of donation and charity. As
leadership and management has to face a lot of challenges in the non-profit organisation that
leaders and managers need unique skills and qualities to manage the non-profit organisation.
Management of non-profit organisations wants that every people who is participating and your
organisation they should work dynamically so that organisation must fulfil their objectives and
provide as much services to the needy ones and public. Leaders of this organisation communicate
with the employees and provide them all the details about strategies which have been maintained
by the management of the organisation and create a voluntary contribution so that they can
provide advance and modern services to the society and help the society to develop more.
Management of non-profit organisation makes the organisation stable in the market and also try
to get more funds from various investors and those people who continuously provide donations
and charities so that management can provide all the necessary things to their employees as well
as to people. But the objective of Management can’t get fulfilled in the absence of proper
leadership. Leadership helps each and every employee of the organisation and also they may
produce all the necessary information about the goals of the organisation and how they can
produce encouragement and motivation among the employees is also depends on the leadership
of the organisation. So the entire report focuses on non profit organisation gold Australian Red
Cross (Hines, 2017). Australian Red Cross Society is a humanitarian and community services
charity. The Australian Red Cross provides a variety of services including International aid cross
the Asia Pacific region, migration support, Blood Donation and various community services. So
the entire report focuses on the management and leadership of Australian Red Cross so that the
main objective of this non profit organisation can be fulfilled by providing number of services to
the public. This report provides detailed information about various methods of leadership and
Management adopted by this organisation. This report provides literature review research
methodology and various research approaches.
Aim
The aim of the study is the Leadership and Management in non profit Organization on Australian
Red Cross.

Objectives
 To develop understanding about the concept of leadership and management.
 To identify methods of leadership and management.
 To analyse Leadership and Management in non profit Organization.
 To recommend effectual strategies of leadership and management to Australian red cross.
Research questions
 What is the concept of leadership and management?
 What are the methods of leadership and management?
 What areLeadership and Management in non profit Organization?
 What are the strategies of leadership and management to Australian Red Cross?
Rationale
Rationale of this study provides various information about the leadership and Management in the
non profit organisation. The main objective of this study is to develop proper leadership and
Management in the organisation so that this organisation can easily sustain in the market and
achieve their objective. This study also provides information about the importance of leadership
as well as management then only the organisation can achieve all the success. The main focus of
this study is to develop understanding about the leadership and Management so that people can
understand how leadership and management both are important for the success of any business
whether it is a profitable organisation or non profitable organisation. This study provides various
methods of leadership and management so that this non-profit organisation can implement such
methods and provide more Customer services to the people. Is report also recommended various
effective Strategies for leadership and management to the Australian Red Cross so that they can
encourage and motivate their employees to provide more extra ordinary services to the customers
and specially for those people who are in need.
Significance
This study provides broad detail about the management and leadership in the nonprofit
organisation. So this report will help the other organisations to make certain Strategies and
policies and by following such policies they can Obtain their goals and objectives. Apart from
this, the following report will help the other researchers and Scholars who want to conduct
research on the same topic. This research will help this organisation as well to further develop the
leadership Strategies and also different methods so that this organisation do not have to run

without proper management and leadership because leadership provides encouragement and also
it motivates the employees to perform some extraordinary work and develop more services.
Apart from this other organisations who want to start any nonprofits work and if they want to
provide various work and services to the public they can also take help from this report.
Literature review
Literature review refers to the survey various scholarly sources selected topic. Literature review
helps in providing overview about the present knowledge and also it allows various theories
methods to the researcher.
Concept of leadership and management
According to Shumate and et.al (2018 )leadership is all about influencing and motivating others
and changing their behaviours. Leadership helps the people and encourage name towards their
goals physically the main motive of leader ship is to make people ensure that what is their
objective and goal and why they are working. So leadership is the one who influence and
motivate people to achieve their and goal and become successful in their life. But leadership is
incomplete without followers. But on the other hand management is totally different from
leadership. Management is a continuous and old age concept where all the managers of the
organisation create various policies plans and Strategies for the organisation so that in future
organisation can obtain the set objectives and goals. In the favour of thisStewart (2018) states
that the main motive of management is to ensure that all the employees of the organisation must
follow all the rules and norms and their complete the entire given task on the given time duration.
So that organisation can obtain success. On the other hand leadership is a continuous process
through which a person can influence others to fulfil and publish their goals and objectives.
Anyone can become a leader if they have proper willpower and desire to influence others. Apart
from this managers are responsible for getting things done by their teammates and different
people. Main work of manager is to provide various trainings and guidance to the teammates and
people of the organisation so that they can complete their given task on a given deadline and they
can improve the work quality and productivity as well. Leadership and Management are two
terms which frequently considered as synonyms. It is very difficult to understand that leadership
is more important than the effective management or not because both leadership and
management are incomplete without each other. Today is also a crucial component of
Management because leadership create a work environment where employees can produce

excelling work which is needed by the organisation. Manager of the organisation should have
traits of a leader then only it can guide and train their teammates. Manager also so have
influencing power so that all the teammates and people who are working under their management
can successfully complete all the tasks and targets. The main job of manager is to lay down All
The structures and authorities and also provide responsibilities to the employees that they must
possess and complete all the given task on the other hand leader is responsible for providing
direction and also I need to communicate the mission vision and objective of the organisation so
that employees can perform all the work effectively. According toLi,(2019 )the main objective of
management is to focuses on planning organising staffing coordinator and controlling on the
other hand leadership a very important part of directing functions of the management. On the
other hand leadership put more emphasis on listening and building a strong relationship with
employees so that they can encourage teamwork in the organisation. Manager gets the authority
and reputation by their position on the flip side leader gets the authority by followers. If the
leader has lots of followers people will listen to them and also follow the instructions and
guidance provided by the leader to them. Basically leadership polis proactive approach to
motivate and encourage employees on the other hand management follows a reactive approach
and we have to provide feedback on the work which is being done by the employees so that it
any drawback and descriptions are found they can overcome them.
As per the views of Ndalamba, Caldwell and Anderson (2018) leadership is the vital part in the
organisation. as effective leadership skills can also help the company to achieve the objectives.
So it is necessary that leaders should have possess effective leadership skills as the world is very
competitive so to be in the competition, leaders must be efficient and they will be efficient only if
they have leadership skills. As this skill will help them to manage the team effectively. As
handling team is not the easy work because it require patience, collaboration, cooperation etc.
When leaders are handling team then they have to face various problems so they must have
problem solving skills. As through this skill they can solve each and every problem or hurdle
which is faced by their team members. Skills which include problem solving, decision making,
communication, analytical, presentation skills etc are all comes under the leadership skill. As
leader must have all these skills.
As it is called that effective leaders is the one who can handle their team and motivate them to
achieve the goal of the organisation. so leadership skill guides leaders that how they can manage

their team. As managing team is not easy, it requires knowledge and necessary skill set.
Leadership is the part of management only. Leadership is the ability through which they
influence the team so that goals can be attained. Leaders are also able to understand market
trends that is why they help management in making such strategy so that can take competitive
advantage. As in today’s world competition is increasing. So if company want to beat the
competition then they require effective leaders. Effective leaders can be attain by providing
required training to the leaders. So that they can achieve advanced knowledge and build skills so
that they can control their team efficiently.
Zubek, (2020) stated that management is more important than leadership. No organisation can
formed without proper management. As management have the power to control the functions of
entire organisation. leadership behaviour is the major element of the management so that such
office environment can be made in which employees can work collaborately and happily. In the
organisation there should be the sense of collaboration, cooperation, trust etc within the
employees. Every employee should help other employee in their job. as through this only
company can achieve its aim more rapidly. Management should make sure that their is no office
politics in the organisation. office politics is very harmful as it increases employee turnover rate
and because of it top performer also leaves the company. So it does not helps in retaining high
performer employees in the organisation. managers have the leadership qualities. As manager
have to manage complete department so it requires many skills. manager should have effective
communication skill so that they can influence staff with their communication. They should have
strong verbal as well as written communication skills. If organisation want to achieve expected
growth and success then they require robust leadership and management skills. Leadership is
also important but the management is more important than leadership. Leader cannot to the work
of manager but manager can do the job of leaders. So that is why it is said that manager is more
important. Management mainly concentrate on planning, organising, controlling, directing. It
deals with the technical aspects of the company. Managers can manage and control the
organisation so they have rights to do so.
Methods of leadership and management
According to the views of Smith,(2017)any organisation which is not following proper leadership
then it becomes difficult for the organisation to motivate and encourage the employees to
perform extraordinary in the workplace. So selection of correct leadership style and methods is

very important for the Welfare and success of the organisation. If the organisation fails to get
select the best leadership and management style and methods then the employees also have to
suffer that they can’t perform their work effectively because they do not know what exactly they
need to do you at the workplace and sometimes employees do not know what is their job position
in job role and they always remain in the situation of dilemma. So there is a lot of leadership and
management styles are available such as participate, authoritarian, transformational and many
more. In addition toLam, (2020) some leadership follows the opinion and suggestion of the
employees so that they can take best and appropriate decisions for the organisation and
Organisation must attend all the goals and objectives. On the other hand some leadership and
management styles are those in which management and leaders do not consider reviews of
Indians in suggestions of the employees so that sometimes organisation have to face a lot of
difficulties because the higher management and leaders do not consider employees as an valuable
asset of the company. In recent result employees also do not produce quality and productive
work. So it is in the hands of organisation that which kind of leadership and management style
they implement in the organisation so that they can easily fulfil their all the mission and vision.
According to Freund,(2017)some organisation do not follow hierarchy of leadership and
Management which makes the work delay because when there is no proper leadership and
management exist in the organisation then no one will guide and motivate employees towards
their job role and work quality. When the organisation follows battle management and leadership
methods then it creates a positive work environment in the organisation and also boosts the
enthusiasm and motivation in the employees.
Chukwusa, (2018) evaluated that there are many leadership methods. Autocratic leadership style,
in this style all major decisions are taken by higher authority only. Company does not involve
their employees in the decision making process. The major benefits of this style is it saves time
because decisions are taken immediate and also there are chances of effective decisions because
decisions are taken by higher authority who have more experience. chain of command can be
clearly applied. It is observed that while implementing plan mistakes can be reduced. Through
this leadership method consistent results can be obtained. It demotivate the employees because
employee feels that organisation is not valuing them as they are not involved in the decision
taking process. When employees are not motivated then it affects their productivity. It ends up

the creativity and innovation capacity of the workforce. The input of group goes down quickly. It
results in increasing employee turnover rate.
Democratic leadership style, it is the most common leadership method and also used by majority
of companies. In this method leaders involve their employees when taking important decisions.
As the final decisions are in the hands of higher authority only but they take views and opinions
of the employees before implementing any decisions. By taking views from young employee can
help organisation to achieve the objective. Democratic leaders share problems with their
employees and they together find out solution for the issue. There are many advantages of this
style as through this style employee pave trust in their leaders and it also enhance team spirit and
cooperation amongst the workforce. Another leadership method is laisse faire leadership. Under
this method it provides maximum freedom to their team members. Workers gets high
independence while working. Here the leaders delegates the responsibilities to its employees.
Leaders have limited responsibilities with them because he or she delegates majority of
responsibility to their workforce. Here individual employees gets the opportunity to seek
development and take responsibility so that an individual can build skills to become the leaders
in the future. In this method every worker is getting chance to show their efficiency and function
independently. It have some disadvantages also as it can delay in attaining goals.
As majority of responsibilities are in the hand of employees so by making one wrong decision
can create issue in attaining the goal. Without proper control of leader, team can face issues in
getting right direction. Lack of control by the leader can misguide team members from the goal.
Takahashi, (2019) said that management means which make work done by others. As to attain
the objectives of the company, manger is responsible for that. So that is why planning, directing,
organising, controlling remains in the hands of manager only. Along with that manager have
other responsibilities also as they make budgets, monitor and control budgets. Methods of
management is management by objective. This is the most famous methods of management.
Under this objectives are made and different aspects are targeted by the organisation. the main
work of the manager is to find out that objectives are achieved or not. They also allot resources
and equipments to the employees so that they can able to work effectively. The other form of
management is autocratic, in this approach where managers make target for their employees and
observe their performance.

Under this manager guide or sometimes pressurise their employees so that task can be
accomplished. As outcome matters for the company so manager controls the performance of their
workforce. With the autocratic approach the ,ain problem is that manager does not able to
encourage their employees because if they force their workers to achieve targets than how they
will be encouraged. While in the democratic approach, managers are able to encourage their
workers. Another method is multiple management, in this method juniors are assigned to the
board. Sessions took place in which real time issues are discussed with different views and after
that meaningful decisions are taken. In this method juniors gets the opportunity to participate in
the decision making process and give their views. Project assignments which is the another
method of management. In this method employees are assigned the projects depending on their
knowledge and skills. Example in the starting new employees are given small projects so that
manager can review their performances. This method helps executive take better perspective of
their work with relation to the filed other than its own. So that employees can practice the skills
and procedure which he or she will be using in doing the daily work and this will also prepare
employees for the higher position of the organisation. another method is case study. This method
is proved to be excellent when building analytical skills. This method is used by large as well as
small organisations.
Case study refers to the description which is written about the true situation so that after reading
it the reader can get idea that what is going. Clear picture of situation will be understood by the
reader and what problem is there in the study will also be identified. It will encourage reader to
find out solution for the problem. As trainess is given case study by the manager and they are
asked to evaluate the issue and suggest some solutions.
Leadership and Management in non profit Organization
As per the views of Golensky and Hager (2020) leadership and management both are very
important. In non profit organisation also effective leadership and management is must. The aim
of non profit organisation is to serve the society or community. As they want to make the world
better place. These organisation generally raise the normal issues which are prevailing in the
society. Non profit organisation serve the society in various ways like they give charity, medical
facilities or help old people etc. So in non profit organisation proper leadership and management
both are must. Leaders handle team which work for the society. Here team is instructed that they
have to do the activity which benefit the society. Their activity should not be in the view to earn