Principles of Leadership and Management: A Comprehensive Report

Desklib offers solved assignments and past papers to help students succeed.

PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT
1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................5
1.1...............................................................................................................................................................6
1.2........................................................................................................................................................7
1.3...............................................................................................................................................................7
1.4........................................................................................................................................................7
1.5........................................................................................................................................................7
1.6........................................................................................................................................................8
2.2..............................................................................................................................................................10
3.1..............................................................................................................................................................14
3.2..............................................................................................................................................................16
3.4 AND 3.5................................................................................................................................................18
4.1..............................................................................................................................................................20
4.3..............................................................................................................................................................20
4.2..............................................................................................................................................................21
4.6..............................................................................................................................................................21
3.6..............................................................................................................................................................21
4.4..............................................................................................................................................................22
4.2 AND 4.5................................................................................................................................................22
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................23
References.................................................................................................................................................24
2

INTRODUCTION
The assignment will cover various aspects of leadership and management activities. Different types of
leadership styles, theories of motivation, MIS, etc. will be discussed in this assignment. The assignment
will discuss the decision-making process in detail concerning the case study. Further, the assignment will
cover the principles of management, roles of leaders, KPI, etc. which are very important for the
organization to work successfully.
3

1.1
In the decision-making process, it is very much important for Manuel to define goals and objectives as it
is the very first type which directs all other actions of Manuel. Following is the importance of defining
goals and objectives:
Objective: It is the main aim or agenda behind the establishment of any kind of business by an
individual.
Scope: It is the area or the opportunities which can be grabbed by Manuel to successfully open the
restaurant, in particular, are feasible.
Success Criteria: it is the small steps or parameters which reset by, Manuel to successfully open the
restaurant like location, interior, services, etc.
Importance of objectives and scope in attaining the success criteria
 Budgeting: Clear objective set by Manuel will help in setting the budget for opening the
restaurant, as there is a need to take the decision related to the location, area, hiring, etc.
 Coordination: The clear objectives will help in co-coordinating various activities for opening the
restaurant.
 Motivation: The objectives when set gives a high level of motivation to Manuel to achieve the
goal and increases the scope of the fulfillment of the objectives.
 Success: The setting of the objectives helps in setting the success criteria for Manuel which
makes it easy to achieve.
4

1.2
The decision-making process is very important for Manuel as it will give a blueprint to take different
steps and measure to open the restaurant in the following ways as:
 Information: Decisions making helps Manuel to gather more information and develop various
alternatives.
 Quality decision: The accuracy and quality of decisions are very high in the whole process as
Manuel will explore many options and ideas before taking any kind of decision (Noe et al.,
2017).
 Commitment: The better decision making will give the feeling of commitment to do the work.
 Foresightedness: The decision-making process will give future ideas and foresightedness to
Manuel to take further steps in the operation of the restaurant.
1.3
Information plays an important part in the decision-making process as it gives in-depth information on
various aspects of the ide for which the business is going to be established. He gathering of the
information can be done by various sources like research, internet, surveys, market trend, etc. The
process of gathering information will give an idea about the location and areas to open the restaurant
by Manuel other than this it will help to take decision-related to rent the space or to take on the lease
etc. which to a great extent impacts the decisions making the process. The gathered information will
also help Manuel to develop the alternative plan to open the restaurant. Therefore information plays an
important role in the decision-making process a sit gives a kind of blueprint for the business plan.
1.4
The parity between the decision taken and the objectives and values is very important and this can be
done with the help of identifying the positives and negatives such as cost, benefits, responses,
preferences, etc. of the decision that has been taken. If there is no parity between the objectives and
values then it may lead to failure of the implementation of the ideas and the whole business plan.
Manuel has to take into consideration that the decision should be in alignment with the objective,
values, and policy of the restaurant which he wants to open (Noe et al., 2017).
1.5
To validate the information which is gathered by, Manuel can be validated by listing the positives and
negatives of every information, further, this can be studied in depth by understanding the market trend,
taste, and preference of the customers. The validation can be done by identifying the various kind of
probabilities like the response of the customer depending upon the location, theme, taste of the food
offered by Manuel in a restaurant, interacting with the customers and identifying the probable problem.
These steps will help to know the viability of the information and the level to which it can be
implemented successfully in the business.
5

1.6
Manuel can address the issues which can hamper the whole business idea and the implementation
process by assessing the information, decisions, and success criteria. The information should be reliable
and valid so that depending on that the decisions can be taken. The negatives and positives of the
decision, the information should be listed down, then it should be evaluated, an alternative should be
prepared and then the whole idea should be implemented by Manuel.
6

2.2
Scenario 1
As a Manager of a Software company I and my team had asked to design a program to help
children read and write and to get good ideas I asked team members to create their program to
fulfill the requirement of educating children, the team has authority to implement changes as
they want in the program.
Suitability: In this scenario, the participative style of leadership is suitable as team members had
the authority to decide a case of a change in the program ( Northhouse 2018).
Impact: This style of leadership keeps employees motivated and satisfied as they feel their
views are important for the company and it increase interpersonal relationships between
employees and leadership.
Scenario 2
In this scenario work is going on forklift machine and forks are in the air and that time
employees passed by and it is hazardous as per safety violation. Therefore the supervisor asked
the employee not to do this again and follow safety precaution.
Suitability: In this scenario, the Laissez-fair leadership style is best suitable as employees are
asked not to repeat the mistake (Wellman and LePine., 2017).
Impact: This style of leadership increases the morale of employees to do that work as employees
are responsible for making their own decision but in case of difficult situation leaders support
their team members.
7

Scenario 3
There is a team of scientist who is working on a project of new ways of using plastic, team
members discuss the advantages and details of the project, but as a team leader only I am having
authority to make the decision.
Suitability: In this scenario, an Authoritative style of leadership is suitable as only the leader
has the authority to make a decision (Antonakis and Day.,2017).
Impact: Authoritative style of leadership has a positive impact as the team trust their leader and
follows the instruction of leader, also this style of leadership is helpful in every business and
project.
8

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a very effective theory of motivation that helps managers to
boost employee's morals and encourage them for better work. Maslow's theory has 5 stages that
serve as a motivational factor for the individual. Maslow's motivational theory gave a positive
result in the working environment the theory covers all the aspects of the motivation factor that is
needed for the employee for better work which ultimately increase work productivity and
efficiency of the employees. Following are the 5 stages of Maslow's theory of motivation:
[Figure: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs]
(Source: lee and Hanna 2015)
Physiological Needs: Physiological considers as the basic need for an individual which is
needed for living and survive. The business organization provides job to the individual,
employees can afford air, food, clothing, shelter, etc. with the money they can earn which
ultimately satisfy their physiological needs. Leaders of the business organization often use
physiological factors to encourage the morale of the employees that ultimately increase their
productivity (leanedHanna.,2015).
.
9

Safety needs: Safety and security is another factor that is very crucial in the working place as
safety of the employee motivates employees to work freely as they don't feel any risk because of
the safety strategies adopted by the business organization whereas providing security for
example job security helps employees to work without any fear that brings their best.
Love and belonging: The working environment plays a very crucial role in the motivation level
of the employees as every employee wants to work in a good and healthy working environment
where they can have fun along with the work. providing a good working environment motivates
employees which provide positive job satisfaction to them (andHanna.,2015).
Esteem: Recognition among the team or the front of all the employees significantly boost the
confidence of the employees that create a positive mindset and increases efficiency. Managers
should appreciate the good work with rewards and recognition of the employee to motivate
employees.
Self-actualization: It is the stage where individuals try to seek the full potential of him for them
managers should provide good support and back them up which provides great motivation for
them (andHanna.,2015).
HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORY
[Figure: Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory]
(Source: Hur 2018)
10

This theory focuses on the positive and negative factor that influences job satisfaction level of
the employee within the workplace. The theory is based on the two factors which are poor
hygiene factors and motivating factors that provide the satisfaction of job for the employees. The
theory stated that poor hygiene factors such as poor quality of food, water decrease the job
satisfaction level of the employees as well as the poor or negative working environment of the
workplace also reduces the satisfaction level of the employees(Hur 2018).
On the other hand, motivating factors such as rewards, recognition motivate employees
significantly. The positive and healthy work environment of the business organization encourage
employees and increase their working efficiency and creates positive job satisfaction to them.
11

3.1
TOM’S ROLE IN HELPING ORGANISATION TO ACHIEVE ITS GOAL
Organizing: organizing is the function of management and it says organizing is to arrange things
for conducting business coordination between team members and leaders is important for
arranging things. Proper allocation of resources and manpower comes under organizing.
Tom is a Manager in an IT company and he is regulating and directing g things for distribution
of work and resources need to complete that work as it is necessary to identify how many people
are required to complete that project and what type of resources are required and when it is
required to complete that project. Tom is responsible to supply resources needed to complete that
project and distribute individuals’ roles in the completion of that project(Hill 2017).
DANIEL’S CONTRIBUTION IN ACHIEVING ORGANISATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Controlling: Controlling is a function of management which measure the actual performance of
the team and in case of deficiency suggest some corrective measure to achieve the desired result.
Daniel is working with a team on a project and he also leads that team and during his research,
he found since the last three months team is not able to achieve production goals, he observe the
performance of each team member, he then decided to increase the quality for managing sales.
This is the best-suited example of controlling as Daniel observes and tracks the performance of
his team members to find out the solution for a lack in performance of employees by taking
corrective action.
MATHEWS CONTRIBUTION IN STORES OBJECTIVE
Planning: Planning is a function of management that helps in determining the future course of
action, planning is the first step of doing anything, it decides what has to be done and how it is to
be done (Hill 2017).
Mathew manages a mobile store and he plans to target for his team to sale a particular number of
mobile phones by the end of every month for achieving the sales target he designs an action plan
12