Leadership and Management Report: Application in Primark PLC Context

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management principles, focusing on the roles of leaders and managers, and comparing their characteristics within the context of Primark PLC. It explores various leadership theories, including situational, systems, and contingency models, and examines their practical application in different situations, such as motivation, emergency management, decision-making, and team building. The report further delves into operations management, discussing key approaches like dynamic and system approaches, and highlighting the importance and value of operations management within an organization. The report also analyzes the role of leaders and managers in achieving organizational objectives. The report includes an introduction, task-based analysis, and a conclusion, providing a well-structured overview of the subject matter.

Management and
Operations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................3
P.1 Definition and comparison of different roles and characteristics of leader and manager:. . .3
P.2 Application of role of leader and function of manager in different situations in primark
plc:...............................................................................................................................................4
P.3 Theories and models of leadership approach........................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION:.............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Management of working pattern is an essential task for the development and making the
organisation effective and efficient for production of products or services. Effective operation is
needed to make the company productive and able to make it more manageable in terms of its
management. Now all the firms are striving hard for attaining the objectives of the firm(Tang and
Musa, 2011). Management is the orderly procedure by which organisation manage all its
activities which are identified with the association, in this procedure there are so many activities
has exercises which are incorporated like planning, organising, staffing, directing, coordinating
and controlling of the organizations activities. All exercises are controlling by the human
resource branch of the organization and they can take any crucial decisions identified with the
organizations circumstance. Operations implies all exercises those are running in the
organization like generation of products, packaging, placing, of items to the clients or the
customers to give appropriate fulfilment to them. Primark plc management style is perfect which
are specially designed to achieve the set targets.
Task 1
P.1 Definition and comparison of different roles and characteristics of leader and manager:
In an association both the leader and the manager assumes a very crucial role in their
part. The leader is the person who appreciate everybody to work towards accomplishing the
objective of the association(Kuruppuarachchi and Perera, 2010.). M&S is a retail chain company
and its leaders and managers are specially focused to attain the set objectives and goals within a
time frame set by the leaders and managers are entrusted to execute the plans set by the leaders
to achieve those objectives. For any organization it is essential to have great leaders so all work
completed in an orderly way and there should not be any chaos with what is the set objective of
the association and that of the person. They overlook that each work should be performed in a
smooth way. There are distinctive sorts of managers who described under nature of work done
by them(Dobrzykowski, Deilami, Hong and Kim, 2014). A portion of the managers are line
managers, project supervisor staff managers and so forth. They are more in charge of the
operational exercises. The managers and leaders do nearly a similar work yet they are not the
same as each other. Leaders works towards acquiring change the association while on the other
hand, managers execute their work on the change got by the leaders in the organization. Workers

are the person who tune in to the managers to attain the predetermined objectives. Workers
follow their leaders with their own decision. leaders are more analytical and take the critical
decisions while the managers work towards finishing of the task given by the managers. In an
association managers utilize the best possible correspondence channel to connect with the
representatives and the leaders convince others to take after. Gatherings are made by the
managers relying on the way of work designated to various divisions and the leaders frame a
typical group of various people who work towards accomplishing a shared objective. Managers
are appointed in the firms after looking at their capacity to work and leaders attempt to motivate
each members in his field by giving positive inspiration.
P.2 Application of role of leader and function of manager in different situations in primark plc:
Role of leader at the time of motivation: In the association boss need to persuade their
workers to expand their efficiency. There are distinctive parts which play by the leaders when
they appreciate their workers, these are specified as underneath:
Consolidate work objectives with workers objectives: As a leader,they are required to
propel workers through associate their objectives with their work. This can be possible only by
the adequate planning and effective communication(Drake and Spinler, 2013.). If the employees
does not able to accomplish their task then they will not able to attain the requirements.
Know what persuades every workers: A great leader always know the perception of their
employees that what thing can motivate them in order to attain the goals of the firm.
Role of leader at the season of emergency: Emergency are unverifiable, spontaneous and
unforeseen that is insecure. That is why they can create the interruption in the association. There
are a few parts of leaders which are specified underneath:
a). One ought to be ready at the working environment: A great leader is constantly
dynamic and furthermore alarm their representatives if leader feel some negative outcomes.
b). Planning is fundamental to stay away from crisis circumstance: A great leader is
dependably take right decisions and each members are aware about that..
There has been various roles and functions which has been performed by the leaders and
managers at different circumstances(Operations and Supply Chain Management, 2014). Some of
them are mentioned below:

Decision making: managers of the M&S plc are functions their duties in the direction where
they would able to assist the leaders for making the effective and efficient decision making in
order to attain the set objectives of the company.
Risk taking: managers are the person in the firm who are expert in minimising the risk
within the firm. While leaders are those individuals who stimulate the employees of the firm to
overcome the risk. However both role are important to overcome the risk within the firm.
Problem solving: leader in the firms appreciate the employees in the firm to maintain the
good workaholic atmosphere during working. While on the other hand, managers are the persons
who strive hard to resolve the problems in an orderly manner.
Team building: leaders are specially known for their team building specializations.
Managers also support the company to make a better environment where they can do their job
with the utmost manner that could able to attain the predetermined goals(Rosemann and vom
Brocke, 2015.).
Conflict management: Mangers are the persons who interfere in the management for
solving the conflicts of the members and prospective consumers in the firm so that the company
could able to get the sustainable development.
P.3 Theories and models of leadership approach
Situational leadership: The situational theory of authority proposes that no single
initiative style is "ideal." Rather, everything relies on upon the current circumstance and also
emphasis that which kind of administration and systems are most appropriate to the specific task.
As per this theory, the best leaders are those that can adjust their style as per the circumstance .
for example, the sort of assignment, the nature of the gathering, and different components that
may add to taking care of business.
System leadership: Leadership is a connection between the individuals who try to lead
and the individuals who take after. leadership is a relational association between the leaders and
the constituents in light of shared needs and interests. The framework is an accumulation of
interrelated parts that functions whole to accomplish a shared objective. This maybe is one of the
least complex meanings of framework which contains the leadership similarity in its entire
system. Leadership as the framework which is required to do with the group, with components
related and interrelated, whose work is arranged towards the objective.

Contingency model: The contingency approach is an management theory which
recommends the most proper style of management is subject to the setting of the circumstance.
Contingency approach commonly focus on both the circumstance and their own particular styles
and try endeavour to guarantee both communicate effectively(Barratt, Choi and Li, 2011) The
contingency approach diverges from different types of leadership.
Role of Leaders by theory-
Trait theory: The trait model of initiative depends on the qualities of numerous leaders -
both fruitful and unsuccessful, and is utilized to foresee leadership adequacy. The subsequent
arrangements of qualities are then compared with those of potential leaders to survey their
probability of accomplishment or failure. Researchers considered trait theory for recognize
physiological, statistic, identity, self-assurance etc.
Behavioural theory: Behavioural theories of management are delegated in such a way so
that they concentrate on the investigation of particular practices of a pioneer. For behavioural
theory, a leader behaviour is the best indicator of his administration impacts and thus, is the best
determinant of leadership achievement.
Function of Leaders by theory-
Human relations theory: The human relations approach underlined the requirement for a
reasonable comprehension of the significance of human attitudes, limit and capacities in terms
for firm's efficiency. The human relations approach is used to react to rising social pressure with
treatment of workers.
TASK 2
P4 The key approaches to operations management
 Dynamic approach: Dynamic approach of operation management deals with the steady
changes in the production process of the enterprise according to the situation. In early,the
enterprise adopt a approach in which doing changes was not that easy the change process
was very difficult but now in today's world if the enterprise does the same than it will
create many hurdles for the enterprise and enterprise will not be able to grasp the

opportunity as it arise so present organisation adopt the dynamic process in which they
can change the production process according to the situation and can achieve their
objectives more easily. Adopting dynamic will help the M&S Ltd in achieving its
objectives better.
 System approach: System approach of operation management looks the enterprise as a
system which takes input from the environment than transforms it into the product or
service or than give to the environment. System approach treats the production function
as a system which include three steps taking input , transformation of input or adding
value to the input and than output.
Role of leader
Leader plays a important role in the every level of the enterprise ,it is the responsibility of
a leader not only lead the team but also motivate the members of his/her team. The leader of
M&S Ltd can achieve better results by acting not only as a leader but he or she can behave like a
friend or as a guide to achieve better results from the team which he or she leads. Leader is the
one who is the representative of his team or of the enterprise so it is the role of the to represent
the enterprise in seminars, conferences and at annual general meetings.
Role of manager
Manager is the person who manages all the tasks and operation of the enterprise in order
to attain the set objectives of the enterprise(Zurich, 2017). A manager role in the enterprise is
very important he is the person who set the objectives for the task force of the organisation.
Other than this it is the role of the manager to communicate and motivate the employees to
achieve better results. Develop people of the enterprise is one of the major role of the manager in
the organisation. It is the duty or role of the manager to guide the taskforce or set competitive
tasks for the employees which not only contribute in achieving objectives of the enterprise but
also helps in the growth of the employees.
P5 Importance and value of operations management
Operation management that part of enterprise which takes input from the organisation
and provide same to the environment by adding some more qualities in it. The
operation/production department plays an important role in the organisation because it is the one
which creates product for the customers and also maintain the quality of the product and also
make the product according to he tastes and preferences of the customers without this department

the enterprise will not be able to make something for the customers or offer something to the
customers and in this situation no revenue will create for the enterprise(O'Fallon and Rutherford,
2011). Operations management manages the many operations of enterprise like purchasing and
selling of products and other functions like staffing and controlling all come under this
operations management manages all the activities or operations of the department. For achieving
success the M&S Ltd should do focus on coordinating all the activities of their enterprise to
achieve competitive advantage at the same time to reduce the cost of the production process of
the enterprise. Some people think that operation management is only applicable or related with
the production process of the enterprise this fact is wrong because now a days the operation
management applies in every level of the enterprise like staffing and controlling and many more
functions. Other than production there are many important functions which held in the enterprise
like managing employees work at all level of organisation other than this many more activities
are there in the enterprise which need to be managed by the management department of the
organisation So the operation management help the enterprise in managing all the activities of
the enterprise and at the same help the enterprise in achieving organisational objectives. In the
absence of operations management the enterprise will not be able to handle all the tasks of the
enterprise in an effective manner.
P6 Factors affecting operations management
There are various factors in the enterprise which affect the operations or production
management of the enterprise. Some of them are internal while some are external. Internal
factors does not affect the production process at a large at the same time are controllable by the
enterprise opposite happen with the external factors these are more complex and hard to control.
 Internal factors: Internal factors are the factors that creates change in the production
process of the enterprise because of some internal reasons of the enterprise like adding a
new product line or when one production line is eliminated from the existing production
line. These are the factors which are under the control of the enterprise. This does not
affect the production line at large a very small change arise when a change takes place in
the production line due to the internal factors of the enterprise. Internal factors of the
enterprise include employees skills and structure and ethics of the enterprise. By
recruiting the employees having various skills the enterprise can better its results or if the
employees does not have the required skills then training can be given to them.

 External factors:External factors are the outside factors which affect the operations
management or production process of the enterprise at a large(Talk, 2016). Like
introducing a new product from the competitor will influence the enterprise to make the
same product and this will require an addition in the existing production line and this will
disturb the current production process like the same when a new technology is adopted by
the competitor of the company and if the consumers are moving toward that product than
it will make the enterprise to use the same technology for making the same kind of
product top the customers. External factors can be divide into two parts one is micro
factors which affect the enterprise at small level and the other one is macro factors which
affect the organisation at a large level. The micro factors include quality and skills of
labour,organisation structure and culture. The macro factors include technology,
customers,innovation, government policy of the country and the economic conditions of
that country. Macro factors are the factors which affect the enterprise at a large level and
are uncontrollable.
M3 How leaders and managers can improve efficiencies
Leaders and managers both plays and important role in the enterprise they motivate their
team members or task force to achieve organisation objectives. Objective of efficiency can be
achieved by the help of them. It is the duty of the leader to motivate the members of the team in a
way that they give their best to the enterprise and this help in increasing the efficiency among the
operations of the enterprise. Same thing is apply with the manager he is the person who handle
the task or work done by the taskforce to get better results from the taskforce he can motivate
them by giving more incentives(Grunig, 2013). By motivating the employees the leader and
manager of M&S Ltd can help in achieving efficiency.
M4 How these different factors affect the business environment
The internal and external forces or factors of operation management affect all the
activities of the business organisation at large. These factors forces the enterprise to make the
changes in the current production system of the company otherwise the company has to face a
big loss like decreasing market share or increasing in the market share of competitor. External
and internal both affect the business environment of M&S Ltd like a new policy made by the
government can affect the following production process of the enterprise like in many countries
government make a ban not to so much pollute the environment and many more.

D2 Applications of operations management
When it is come about the application of the operation management in the enterprise than
it can be well said by a person that that it applies in the whole organisation. Operation
management is basically a technique which applies in the production process of the enterprise
but in today's organisation it can be better apply on almost every activity or operation of the
enterprise. Operation management can be applied on every level of enterprise to control the
activities whether it is related from purchasing of raw materials or to selling of final products to
the customers. Every activity of M&S Ltd can be managed or controlled by the operations
management technique(De Neufville and at. el., 2013)
CONCLUSION:
From the above report, it can be presumed that M&S plc is able to build the proficiency and
profitability of the association by setting up great leadership quality in the firm. There is a need
to have the good leaders in the firm so that the company can attain the set objectives within a
time frame. There are different procedures of leadership and management through which sound
condition can be created in the association.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Grunig, J.E., 2013. Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge.
Talk, O.M., 2016. Operations management.
O'Fallon, M.J. and Rutherford, D.G., 2011. Hotel management and operations. John Wiley &
Sons.
Zurich, L.B., 2017. Service Operations and Management.
Barratt, M., Choi, T.Y. and Li, M., 2011. Qualitative case studies in operations management:
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Management, 29(4), pp.329-342.
Rosemann, M. and vom Brocke, J., 2015. The six core elements of business process
management. In Handbook on business process management 1 (pp. 105-122). Springer
Berlin Heidelberg.
Drake, D.F. and Spinler, S., 2013. OM Forum—Sustainable Operations Management: An
Enduring Stream or a Passing Fancy?. Manufacturing & Service Operations
Management, 15(4), pp.689-700.
Dobrzykowski, D., Deilami, V.S., Hong, P. and Kim, S.C., 2014. A structured analysis of
operations and supply chain management research in healthcare (1982–2011).
International Journal of Production Economics, 147, pp.514-530.
Kuruppuarachchi, D. and Perera, H.S.C., 2010. Impact of TQM and technology management on
operations performance. IUP Journal of Operations Management. 9(3). p.23.
Tang, O. and Musa, S.N., 2011. Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply
chain risk management. International journal of production economics. 133(1). pp.25-34.
Online
Operations and Supply Chain Management, 2014. [Online]. Available
through:<http://www.bit.vt.edu/academics/osm_index.html>. [Accessed on 12th April 2017].