Roles of Leaders and Managers in M&S: Leadership and Management Report

This report provides a detailed analysis of leadership and management roles within Marks & Spencer (M&S), a multinational retail company. It explores the distinct responsibilities of managers and leaders, including goal orientation, risk control, and employee motivation. The report examines the application of leadership and management in various situations, such as customer relations, employee management, and societal impact. It also applies various leadership theories including situational and contingency theories. Furthermore, the report discusses key approaches to operations management, such as Total Quality Management (TQM), Just in Time, Lean Production, Continuous Improvement, and Six Sigma, and their impact on M&S's operations. The report also offers a comparison of manager and leader roles, and different management theories, like Modern and Classical theories, to improve organizational performance. The report aims to provide insights into effective leadership and management practices in the retail industry.

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATION

INTRODUCTION
Management and operation are factor by which any organisation manage and control
different types of functions of organisation in stipulated time period (Zambon and et. al., 2011).
It aids to execute aims and objectives of enterprises. In that respect there are various types of
operations and functions such as distribution of funds, regulation of employee as per their task,
conduction of research and many other task which is manage by different resource. The major
responsibility of manager and leaders is to accomplish various functions of organisation in
proper manner. Manager of organisation guide their employee to perform various kind of work
in specific time period. Marks and Spencer is organisation which give various kind of clothes to
its customer present in the marketplace. It is the multinational retailer company which has almost
979 stores across the UK which also include sells of food products. This report explains about
the different roles and responsibility of manager and leaders, different theories like situational,
contingency theory and many others (Nong and et. al., 2013).
TASK 1
P1) The various roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager.
Manager and Leaders are the two personnels which plays a important roles to control
and manage different types of work of organization. The main responsibility of manager is focus
on to control and coordinate various types of operation of company in effective manner . It also
deliver different types of in formation and guideline to different leaders in order to follow those
guidelines and information which is given by superior level of administration (Wu, 2012).
Leaders are the most important assets of organisation which motivate their worker in order to
perform various kind of operations reported to the guideline given by organisation in decent way.
It also recognise the various needs and want which is made employee while performing their
work at workplace. It is the major responsibilities of leaders is to control and manage the
different employee while performing various operation in effective manner. The manager of
M&S controls various kind of activities which aids to execute different demand and desire of
different cosumer. Whereas leaders are individuals which perform their duties in order to define
their roles and responsibilities of organisation in proper manner. Here the roles of managers and
leaders are different to each other:
Role of manager:
1

 Goals oriented: The major responsibilities of manager of M&S is to provide
different types of information and directions which aid to guide their employee to
produce different variety of clothes and food products to their loyal customer in
the marketplace (Fotevski, Nemisys Networks Llc, 2016). They also focus on to
buying behaviour of customer in proper manner. This aids to accomplish goals
and objectives of company in stipulated time period.
 Controls risk: While performing different operations of business there is chance
of risk due to complexity in performing different types of work in proper manner.
The manager of M&S monitor different factors which reduce the performance of
organisation.
 Direct : This is the major function of manger is to give proper direction in order
of magnitude to accomplish different types of working capabilities of organisation
in proper manner. They also prepare different types of strategies which are used to
attain aims ad objective of organisation in stipulated time period.
Roles of leader:
 Representative of organisation: The major functions of leader is to guide their
employee to perform different types of activities of organisation in proper
manner. Leaders plays an important role in order to conduct meeting, conferences
which aids to define the roles and responsibilities which are perform by different
employee in proper manner.
 Integrated personal as well as professional goals: Leaders put their effort in
order to perform various kind of trading operations of organisation in proper way.
Leaders plays a important roles to accomplish goals and objectives of
organization in proper way.
Comparison between manager and leader:
Component Manager Leader
2

Decision making They put their effort in order
to deliver information from
upper level of management to
their employee
They aids to guide their
employee to perform different
types of operation according to
guideline given by manger.
Approach They prepare strategies to
inculcate with future
challenges.
They monitor performance of
different employee and also
direct them to accomplish
goals and objectives of
organisation in proper manner.
Vision They define the vision of
organisation to their employee
and they guide them to
perform their work to
accomplish vision.
Leaders motivate their
employee to work according to
different types of works in
proper manner.
Control It is related with the control
formal influence and control
different function of
organisation.
Leader direct all the activities
of organisation which are
perform different types of
operation in proper manner
P2) Application of role of a leader and function of manager in different situations
There are several types of operations and purpose which are control and manage by
manager and leaders in proper manner (Drucker, 2012). These are the individuals which handle
the different situations and condition of organisation in proper manner. The leader and manger
of M&S put their effort to achieve aims and objective of company in proper manner. Therse are
various applications which aid to play a significant roles of leader and function of manager of
M&S are given below:
Customer: Every organisation are depend upon different demand and desire made by
customer. The manager monitor the demand and desire which is made by customer and put their
effort to provide various design of clothes and various types of food products.
3

Employees: The major functions and role of manager and leaders is to determine
different types of need and want of employee while performing different state of organisation in
proper way. Manager needs to fulfil those necessity and neediness of employee according to
direction given by the leader of M&S ( Khlat and et. al.,2016).
Society: The manager of M&S focus on to making different types of decision process
which do not harm people living in society. This aids to maintain healthy relationship with the
people living in society. They need to consider the values, norms, and attitude of people living in
organisation. The manager of M&S needs to follow different rules and regulation of society
which aids to proper running of business.
Supplier: Supplier are individuals which provide various raw product which are
converted into finished products as per the demand and desire made by the various form of
consumer present in the marketplace. Leaders give direction to utilise these raw material which
aid to produce different types of products. Manager of M&S allocate various kind of resources
order to accomplish various activities of organisation in systematic manner.
P3) Apply different models and theories including situational leadership
There are various approaches of leadership and various theories which are applied by the
manager and leaders of M&S in order to execute aims and objectives of system in decent
manner. The leaders and manager of company take help of these approaches in order to achieve
the aims and objective of company in correct manner. So they implement three different types of
theories which aids to coordinate and manage different types of activities of organisation in
proper manner (Bodin, Jaramillo, Redman and Thorson, 2012).
System leadership: This leadership is implemented by the manager and leaders of M&S
which aid to resolve the different types of conflicts ad different issues which are arises during
performing various activities of system in becoming manner. It is duty of manager is to
supervise the performance of different worker who are working in organisation in proper
manner.
Situational theory: As per this theory the manager and leaders of organisation which are
concerned with implementation of new and innovative change in organisation also aids to handle
the different situation of organisation in proper manner. In order to perform various form of
activities of company the leader and manger needs to maintain flexible duty hours for employee
4

which aids to increase the productivity of organisation. This give positive impact on the
different activities of organisation in proper manner.
Contingency leadership: This leadership styles implemented by organisation in order to
tackle various situation of organisation in proper style. It aids to inculcate with the internal and
external situation of organisation in proper mode. The manager and leaders plays an important
roles in order to take right decision about the organisation in proper manner. So this theory
followed by the manager and leaders of M&S in order to ascertain effective outcomes.
Management theories
Modern theory of management: This theory concerned with the different types of
activities which are implemented by manager and leaders of M&S to improve performance of
organisation in proper manner. Manager needs to implement new and advance technology to
enhance skills and knowledge of employee (Gastmeier and et. al., 2011). Whereas leaders
motivate their employee to perform their activities as per the implement technology. It also
maintain healthy relationship between management and employee working in organisation.
Classical theory of management: This theory is concerned with to determine various
needs and want of employee working in organisation in proper manner. So this theory is prevent
the social needs and job satisfaction and concentrate over the improving the different
performance of different employee and it also plays a significant role in order to make effective
decision which aids to increase the level of profit of organisation.
TASK 2
P4) Key approaches of operations management and role of managers and leaders
There are various types of conceptualization of operation management which aids to
maintain the effectiveness in performing different types of activities of organisation. These key
approaching are as follows:
Total Quality management (TQM): This formulation is concentrate over to improve the
quality of different clothes and new food products which aids to increase performance of
employee. The manager of M&S put their effort to provide proper guidance and direction which
aids improve the performance of employee working in organisation. These efforts aids to attract
large number of customer in market. It likewise put their effort to target different customer and
this aids to remove different obstacles which are arises during manufacturing process.
5

Just in time: According to this approach manager focus on to allocate different resources
in order to provide different types of raw materials which are used for making clothes and also
provide different types of activities of organisation which aids to produce new and innovative
design of clothes . It aids to reduce the time of producing different types of clothes and food
products. It also aids to reduce the wastage while producing different types of product to
customer (Zinder and Aharonovich, 2013).
Lean production: This approach is used by manager of M&S to reduce the waste which are
produced during manufacturing process without disturbing the main process of production. The
leaders and manger needs to take corrective measures in order to attain effective outcomes. The
manager of organisation needs to focus on to maintain strong relationship with the employee
working in the organisation. This aids to eliminate different issues and trouble which are develop
during acting different types of activities of system.
Continuous improvement: The manager of M&S needs to modify its strategies and
policies according to the change in buying behaviour of organisation in marketplace. The
manager aids to implement various new and advance technology which aids to produce different
types of improved quality of clothes for its loyal customer in stipulated time period. It also
implement some changes in existing products of organisation in proper manner. This helps to
gain the productivity of organization in effective style.
Six Sigma: This is set of tools which are used to increase the performance of different
operations which are performed during production process it is responsibility of manager is to
eliminate the various issues and defects which are found during producing different types of
clothes items. This methods aids to perform different types of statistical and empirical methods
and it also aids to increase the efficiency ad capability of various employee working in
organisation. It aid t maximise the level of profit of company in proper manner.
Primary roles of leaders and mangers are obstinate as under:
Planning: Planning is the most important factor of any company manger needs to
prepare contrary types of plan of action which are used by manager of M&S which aids to
define the roles and responsibilities of different employee working in organisation in effective
manner. These strategies helps to give direction to perform assorted kind of functions and action
of organisation in effective way.
6

Managing: It is concern with to improve execution of different types of organisation which aids
to attain aims and objectives of organisation within stipulated time period. The manager of
M&S needs to determine the different types of activities of organisation and implement some
changes in order to perform antithetic operations and functions of system in decent manner.
Manager needs to monitor performance of different employee working in organisation in proper
way. Leaders plays a important role to guide and direct the worker working in organisation. It
helps to fulfill effective outcomes of system in corrective manner.
Coordinating: It is very essential for the employee to maintain the coordination in order
to perform different types of activities of organisation in proper manner. It helps to achieve the
aims and objectives of organisation. The manager needs to communicate with tier employee in
order to implement various sort of plans and policies of organisation. Coordination plays an
important role in order to perform different types of functions of system in decent manner this
aids to ascertain effective outcomes (Kato, 2015).
P5) Importance and value of operations management in achieving objectives
Operation administration plays significant role in order to keep potency in acting
assorted types of function of enterprises in corrective manner. It also aid to give protection to
contrary character of operations which are perform during producing various types of products.
So operation management includes different benefits which aid to attain desired target:
Improve productivity of organisation: The operation management show an important
role to accomplish different types of human action. The manager of M&S inevitably to
implement bran-new and innovative technology in order to improve quality of various operation
in proper manner. The manger needs to take initiatives steps in order to execute different types
of operations of organisation in effective way..
Reduce wastage: Manager needs to conduct different training sessions which aids to
change ability and knowledge of employee and also aids to reduce the wastage of organisation in
proper manner. The manager of M&S concentrate on to determine the different stage of process
of production and implement different types of initiative steps to resolve issues and problems.
Providing long term advantages to enterprises: The manager needs to focus on to
improve quality of different operations of organisation. It aids to retain long term relationship
with the different consumer in proper manner. Due to increase in number of customer it aids to
accomplish goals and objectives of organisation (Weske, 2012).
7

P6) Factors in which M&S operates that impact operational management
There are various types of factors which impact various sort of operations which are
perform in the company in decorous manner. There are different constituent which effect
different process of company. These factors which are explains below:
Internal factor: There are different factors which impact the different functions and operations
of organisation internally it also impact on the decision making process which are ascertain by
the upper level of management of M&S. These internal factors are includes different element
like : Employees: As different employee working in organisation are main assets which helps
to execute various types of operations of company. So this is important for
administration in order to adopt different types of activities of company. Manager of
organisation adopt new and modern technology in order to increase level of income of
company. Suppliers: suppliers are the individuals which provide raw materials to produce new and
advanced commodity. So manager of M&S need to maintain healthy relationship with
different suppliers and also maintain effectiveness in environment of organisation in
proper manner. Consumer: Every business is depend upon the consumers because they are are main
source which maximise the profit of company. So the manager needs to determine
demand and desire made by different customer in proper manner. If the company do not
able fulfil the demand and desire made by the organisation this leads to remove the
attention of customer.
External factors: There are different types of factors which impact different operations of
organisation in proper manner. Political factors: Management of M&S needs to follow the various rules and legislation
which are imposed by Government of UK. Economic Factors: Organisation needs to consider the factors like deflation rate
inflation rate and many others (Salmon and et. al., 2011). Social factors: It is important for company to perform different function and operation in
ethical manner. It aids to generate large number of profit of company.
8