University Operation and Management: Leadership and Management Roles

This report delves into the distinct roles and characteristics of leaders and managers within a university context, specifically focusing on operational management. It differentiates between leadership and management functions, highlighting the importance of both for organizational success. The report explores various leadership theories and models, including transactional, transformational, autocratic, and laissez-faire approaches, analyzing their applications and effectiveness. It also examines the impact of leadership and management on operational efficiency, emphasizing factors within the organizational environment that influence operational management. The report further discusses the application of operation management and factors impacting the business environment, providing insights into how leaders and managers can improve performance and achieve organizational goals.

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Operation and Management
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Lector’s Note

Operation and Management
Table of Contents
Task 1...........................................................................................................................................................3
The different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager..............................................................3
The role of a leader and the function of a manager ...................................................................................4
Theories and models of leadership approach..............................................................................................5
Differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager ....................................................6
Different theories and approaches to leadership .......................................................................................8
Task 2 ........................................................................................................................................................10
Approaches to operation management and role of managers and leaders..............................................10
Importance and value of operations management ..................................................................................11
Factors within organizational environment that impact on operational management.............................12
Leaders and managers improve the efficiency of operational management.............................................12
Applications of operation management and factors impact on business environment............................13
References.................................................................................................................................................15
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Task 1
The different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Leader Manager
Roles
 Intelligent
 Honest
 Good, listener.
 Confident
 Faithful
 Well skilled communication
 Honest
 Trustworthy
Characteristics Transactional Transformational Autocratic Democratic Customer service Marketing Sales Production
Leader: Person who has given his commitment to become the face of the organization for the
achievement of goals. A person who is leading the company have power to set the pace of
process (Freeman, & Turner, 2009).
Manager: An individual who is chosen by the senior level management to deal with the
functional exercises of a particular subdivision of an organization is called a manager. Along
with this part, managers have an individual role to play in an organization, for instance, the
Managers are the one who ensures that the goods and services in the organization keeps on
runni9ng and they do not get impacted by anything.
Along these lines, the leaders of the organization needs a management of all assistants of the
company(Barr, & Barr, 2010). Starting now in the foreseeable future, different sorts of theories
and models will help the managers in growing M&S from the second position in fashion retailer
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industry of UK. Alongside that, a leader ought to know how to lead an organization, and various
sorts of leadership concept and framework will be cleared up in this response to legitimize the
importance of leadership (Bush, Bell, & Middlewood, 2010).
The role of a leader and the function of a manager
In M&S, the leader and the manager have to play a very vital role as to control and operate
activities. In this way, the bit of a manager is obliged the bit of an appropriate leader, however, is
enormous in a different circumstance. On the other hand, the leader has to manage the people
who are working under him and guide them in a way which results in high customer satisfaction.
The nature of goods should meet with the customer as appeared by the buyer's perspective.
Along these lines, the client puzzled with the thing, and in this peculiar case, leader necessarily
have to yield attentive thought to the gathering strategy which is the key operator of customer
dis-satisfaction. With this part, leader of the company needs to explore the substantial risks are
made by the client’s prospect and the firm's activity. In the wake of picking the blame, the leader
needs to choose it through with taking important decision for the company(French, & Vince,
2009). Along these lines, the leaders may found that in light of the absence of setting up the
concentration towards the improvement. Like this, the leader may deal with a general made
planning structure recollecting an ultimate target to enhance the performance of employees.
According to many studies, prosperity and security both are large parts of the M&S fashion
house. Along with this part, as appeared by the whole of transformational leadership style, the
leader and authority must be careful about the importance of fire alert to deny mischance. In a
particular circumstance where end signal has been harmed by a pro appallingly and the leader
ought not to terminate the in charge operator(French, & Vince, 2009).
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On the other hand, a manager is a man who has a special commitment to perform. So as to depict
the part and responsibilities of a manager which wires single correspondence. Along with this
part, business much of the time watch the company compensation recollecting an ultimate target
to develop the productivity of the organization and reply to the top management from the
organization to update practical get the ready process in M&S. In addition, the creation is
allocated to work the social occasion game-plan of an organization, so he needs to concentrate on
that particular situation(Schwartz, 2006).
Furthermore, if a female representative was sexually harassed in the working environment and
she needs a guide to the leaders to make noise and demand for delegate prosperity and security.
Along with this part, the supervision manager of M&S has full commitment of the delegates who
are performing as his/her perception. Consequently, the managers need to genius, manage, incite
and control the pupils of the organization(Gootnick, & Gootnick, 2000). Hence, the leader of the
organization or the leaders who have the organization ought to secure prosperity and prosperity
orchestrates.
Besides that, the creation manager ought to watch the advancement of the delegates who
discovered genuine get ready and answer for the leader of M&S. As mentioned in the above
statement, leader play a vital and major part, still the manager in like way has a fundamental part
to perform in an organization(Gootnick, & Gootnick, 2000).
Theories and models of leadership approach
In this way, some internal threats appear inside an organization, Liberal leader has a
unique idea about its management. In this segment, structures of leadership and a particular state
both will be clarified through justification (Berris, 2007). M&S also includes some specific
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conditions with a particular extreme goal to reinforce in this compelling world. In that given
situation, the leader of M&S necessarily have to anticipate a fundamental portion through with
applying differing strategies. From time to time, the agents and intermediaries wants more profits
little notice to their continuing on activity. Furthermore, it is the sincerity of a authentic leader to
give enough pay and fitting workplace to the delegates of the organization. Along with this part,
the head of the organization sought to instruct in light concerning various stockholder keeping an
final target to choose the issue. As showed by transnational leading style, the leader must
consider the need of the delegate if they legitimise it(de Jong, 2013).
Differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager
Parts and commitments of manager and the leader of M&S can be seen and separated with the
assistance of different leadership theories and styles. As showed by the systemic leaders, the
person of M&S needs to empower and instigate the delegate recollecting the original target to
enhance execution (Gnan, Hinna, & Monteduro, 2012). Next, to that, a manager of M&S can
make a strong association with different agents to complete the work in a particular period with
the assistance of behavioural theories.
Situational leaders: This style combined couple of characters of leaders, and they can make a
healthy relationship with their delegates to cautious them about responsibility and face
movement to manage blunder. The leaders concentrate on the differing operational activities
through establishing control of different sorts of question condition inside M&S. Next, to that,
they help the agents to meet the searched for objectives and targets (Gnan, Hinna, & Monteduro,
2012). Besides that, the situational leaders additionally give an additional idea on the physical
exertion of their specialist execution.
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System leadership: As appeared by system leadership, individuals are considered with trademark
since they intended. Stogdill (1974) incited that major breaking points and qualities make a basic
system of brand leaders of M&S additionally, a manager and a leader both can increment
interpersonal capacities with regards to organisational execution through a systematic approach
with the assistance of this theories. Along with this part, as showed by McCall and Lombardo
(1983), the leaders can prod the delegate for working under an appropriate system in M&S with
the assistance of respects and accomplishments. Some of these qualities adequately made with
different individuals of get-togethers who settle on effective leaders by decision.
Contingency: Along with this, the part theories interlace leaders with readings and exchange of
the general social occasion(Reeves, 2004). Along with this part, the directorial system manages
the open's issues in M&S. It doesn't appearance for inherent limitation and attributes, and the
implementation of the leaders is aided by this. Adjacent to this, valuable leadership is managed
though indeterminable and learnable perspectives and situation. As showed by showed up by the
contingency theories of leadership, leaders can be made not impacted. Along these lines, it's a
probability system concept that uses the insightfulness with attempts and person. It may be
searched in different masterminded reviews like the Michigan Leadership Studies and Ohio State
Leadership Studies.
Assessment of the pros and cons of different approaches
As indicated by autocratic leadership styles, the leaders should understand the decision-making
process and use it in the other condition. For instance, a worker, shockingly, hurts one valuable
resource of the organization because of the nonattendance of care. The natural quality and
behavioural approach of a leader and manager will be assessed in M&S with the assistance of
different practices(Reeves, 2004). Along with this part, various sources of concept solidify
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particular attributes and shortcoming which support to pick the characteristics of a higher
authority. With an optimal end goal to keep up the matter of M&S, the leader needs to supervise
unmistakable conditions in the working environment. Within quality and insufficiency of a
leader can be measured with the assistance of that essential leadership control. In this particular
process, the another top level person will take several pick, for illustration, one-sort of manager
in a gleaming fire the representative with no notice. This is not anticipated from a productive
leader which demonstrate an insufficiency of the higher level.
Different theories and approaches to leadership
Autocratic leadership: This style links the management with essential leadership star adjacent
the proposition of junior agents. In addition, they will follow with wishing of the managers
without illumination. In this leadership style, leaders don't have full trust in their delegates and
heading with other part. Apparently, this method can not be utilized where the faculty are
arranged and staggering, or they are believing upon the higher persons of company to prefer
diversion plans. Along with this part, this style need managers to manage their teams and all
specialists(Knod, & Schonberger, 2001).
Laissez- Faire: As appeared by this form, manager supply a full chance pro to set have purposes
and resolve issues with the sensible claim choice. This leadership style is particularly productive
where the labourers are exceptionally competent, talented and experienced. In a consistent way,
this leadership style can't be utilised when the authority of the organization is truant. This
leadership style can be called as "uninvolved" style where the managers give careful thought and
give most adaptability to their specialists.
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Transformational Leadership:This leadership style will motivate the delegates to redesign
their manager and directors calling which inconsistent way increases company
execution(Albuquerque, Pavlidis, Chatow, Chen, & Jamal, 2012). It closes gainful systematical
structure from management to meet searched for objectives and goals. Get-together execution for
the achievement of allocated methodologies and team leaders of the organization should focuses
on workers change and the leadership theories need to join management to meet objectives.
Transactional Leadership: This theory help to perform whole group from the get-together
dismissal to achieve goals and objectives of M&S. If entire team complete their assignments so,
by the company provide prizes offers to them. The accessories and directors already know the
goals and the agents has a like attach close to employers for achievement of objectives. Along
with this part, as appeared by the regard on the basis of leadership style, employers of the
organization get unwavering dedication on the execution(Farris, 2009).
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Task 2
Approaches to operation management and role of managers and leaders
An organization manager like oversight stock close by the supply and purchase of merchandise.
Besides that, it is the commitment of an organization manager to nurture the operation
management of an organization. As both individual and unrefined materials, an organization
manager plays a principle role. They similarly have unbelievable smart and social capacities, and
in this way, they can help the unique parts of M&S to coordinate. On the basis of financial
position an organization similarly assists remaining with the track. Along with this part, the
operation manager supervises and controls costs. The key approaches to managing process
management of M&S are the likelihood and built up approach(Williams, 2006).
Contingency Approach: According to this theory, the sensibility of a leader is more
fundamental. It is a approach of operation management in M&S relies upon theory that
fittingness in management is abrupt and depend on the exchange among utilization of accepted
activity and particular premise. Therefore, the speculation in addition, passes on relations or
occupation motivations that are dejected whether the official that impact on the control of
situational inspiration of a specific party. M&S can go up to store up reasonability exactly when
the leaders can get the opportunity to be unmistakably influential. In this manner, this approach
has been given by Fred Fielder.
Classical Approach: Secondly, in this approach the operations management that are concerned
with an organization of an activity, particular demand of the M&S close by e gauges in
management. Moreover, the supposition of responsible and seeing conduct built up writers that
this approach deals with modification of primary cognition of M&S. Brech tried to pass the
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practical technique to last structure in aspect of unsuccessful general norms rather than care on
accurate legal proceeding or different concept of little position to the sharpening manager.
Similar, business inspection has related to work did on a very basic level in the first bit of the
latest century(Williams, 2006).
Importance and value of operations management
Disgraceful coordination and power are the essential threats that the firm uses to get a handle on
a right system to understand in case it is truly doing what it is foreseen that would do or not.
Arranging and scrutiny management focuses on an expansive extent of activities for ensuring the
destinations and discussions of M&S which are restrictively being met in an attractive and
inducing course of action. In these ways, M&S can accomplish their tried and true targets.
Arranging function and control of management can't be denied in operation management
especially in organizations, for instance, M&S(Salzmann, 2008).
Service management is concerned with the process, strategy and moreover a change of the
system that passes on and make essential things and services of M&S obviously, enterprise
management is a vast arena of business with clear management commitments, and it resembles
advancing and promoting(Salzmann, 2008). The stylish and latest fashion cloth made for the
customer of M&S is a huge issue for the organization. Along with this part, operation
management is major in this operations from it designs the communication system to control the
business activity establish. Besides these, quality management that is dire to gainful service
management particularly when there is a conformity in the substance of the purchaser. Most
significantly, quality control is fundamental for managing any operations in business. Along with
this part, the relationship by re building the and legally stamping the homes are emphatically
that earn the Pro in marketplace. Bench marking is a process in which the the quality of products,
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services, strategies and policies of company that are compare with the standard measurements. It
is basically for improve the quality standard of goods and services.
Factors within organizational environment that impact on operational management
Operations of M & S Ltd.
Key operation of M & S Ltd. is a field that focuses on manage all purposes of the organization's
operations. Two significant part of an agency is to pay service and selling products. Operation
management is interrelated with activities of providing products and service.
Operational management has different types of aspects including understanding services and
products, size and location as per customer's supply and need. Other aspects are equipment,
techniques, clients, customers, strategy to catch the attention or crop goods, workforce planning,
quality and training(Kassher, 2015).
Leaders and managers improve the efficiency of operational management
Key of operational functions
Equipment such as electronic, mechanical, etc. are most important tools that help in producing
goods. Designing, planning, managing, coordinating, etc. are some techniques in critical
operational function. The development of the product starts with drawing. The expectation of the
customers is closely associated with the design of a product. Customers become excited about
the design of grown products in details. Planning of a system is interpreted as how authority
utilises the adequate resources to handle different situations. Teamwork is a necessary portion of
any operation. Team members help in managing the system by which employee encouragement
can be possible. Management is very competent for better performance and in improvement.
Coordination is another critical stage. It is the way of organising and interrelating different part
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of coordination between various responsibilities and roles of the work with operational team and
staff(Kassher, 2015).
Applications of operation management and factors impact on business environment
Role and responsibilities of manager in the major operational function
Manager in the major executive function plays an important role which involves in overseeing
the goods production and in other associated services. Smooth, efficient service is the primary
task of an Operations manager who operates the company as well as possible it can run
smoothly. He has to face the expectations of clients and customers.
Key approaches to operations management
There are some external business factors which affect the ability of a company to function. Those
are Customers, Government, economy, competition, public opinion, etc.
Customers: Among external fundamentals, customer’s effect on the business organisation
through strategic release and marketing and customers could be influenced through the
marketing process. An organization can draw the attention of the customers via launching new
products, the relationship with clients and company is based on searching ways to impact on
customers to purchase company's products(Ansell, 2007).
Government: Rules and regulations of Government in packaging, development, shipping play a
major role regarding doing business and company's ability to increase into new markets.
International laws produce processes which an organisation must monitor to spread the goods in
the foreign country.
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Economy: A company should be profitable at observing on economy and providing the response
to it, rather than attempting to operate. Economic elements touch on amount of money which can
be spent on business growth(Ansell, 2007).
Competition: in order to sustain in this competitive industry like the fashion world, competition
is playing a useful role. Other rival companies are always fighting and challenging with
attractive customer attraction policies. In order to improve the competitive advantage, the
management of M&S needs to focus on this external business environmental factor.
Public opinion: the opinion, suggestion, feedback of public are one of the essential elements of
the product value improvement process. In other words, with the help of the public opinion, the
management of M&S can improve their quality of the goods and services.
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References
Albuquerque, P., Pavlidis, P., Chatow, U., Chen, K., & Jamal, Z. (2012). Evaluating Promotional
Activities in an Online Two-Sided Market of User-Generated Content. Marketing Science, 31(3),
406-432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1110.0685
Ansell, J. (2007). Measuring retail company performance using credit scoring
techniques. European Journal Of Operational Research, 183(3), 1595-1606.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2006.09.101
Barr, L., & Barr, N. (2010). The leadership equation (1st ed.). Austin, Tex.: Eakin Press.
Berris, J. (2007). Situational leadership (1st ed.). [Escondido, CA]: Center for Leadership
Studies.
Bush, T., Bell, L., & Middlewood, D. (2010). The Principles of Educational Leadership &
Management (1st ed.). London: Sage Publications.
de Jong, B. (2013). Shareholders' Claims for Reflective Loss: A Comparative Legal
Analysis. European Business Organization Law Review, 14(01), 97-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s156675291200105x
Farris, P. (2009). Key marketing metrics (1st ed.). Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.
Freeman, G., & Turner, A. (2009). The leader (1st ed.).
French, R., & Vince, R. (2009). Group relations, management, and organization (1st ed.). New
York: Oxford University Press.
Gnan, L., Hinna, A., & Monteduro, F. (2012). Contingency, behavioural and evolutionary
perspectives on public and non-profit governance (1st ed.).
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Gootnick, M., & Gootnick, D. (2000). Action tools for effective managers (1st ed.). New York:
AMACOM.
Kassher, R. (2015). Business Environment (1st ed.). Pearson India.
Knod, E., & Schonberger, R. (2001). Operations management (1st ed.). Boston [u.a.]: McGraw-
Hill/Irwin.
Reeves, D. (2004). Accountability for learning (1st ed.). Alexandria, Va.: Association for
Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Salzmann, O. (2008). Corporate Sustainability Management in the Energy Sector (1st ed.).
Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden.
Schwartz, M. (2006). Fundamentals of sales management for the newly appointed sales
manager (1st ed.). New York: AMACOM.
Williams, M. (2006). Mastering leadership (1st ed.). London: Thorogood.
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