Evaluating Leadership and Management Roles at Marks and Spencer

This report examines the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers within Marks & Spencer (M&S), focusing on their impact on operational effectiveness and business outcomes. It contrasts the roles of leaders and managers, highlighting their distinct approaches to achieving goals and objectives. The report explores various leadership theories, including situational and contingency leadership styles, and their application within M&S. Furthermore, it delves into key approaches to operations management, such as Six Sigma, lean theory, and queuing theory, and how leaders and managers leverage these to improve productivity and performance. The analysis includes examples of how leaders and managers determine their effective roles in various situations, contributing to the overall success of the business. This report provides a comprehensive overview of leadership and management practices within the context of M&S, offering insights into how these elements drive organizational success.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Define and compare various roles and characteristic of leader and manager........................3
P2 Examine example of situations in which leaders and manager determines their effective
roles..............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Different theories and model of approaches within the chosen organisation.........................6
M1................................................................................................................................................7
M2................................................................................................................................................7
D1................................................................................................................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Explains key approaches to operations management and role of leaders and manager which
play at workplace.........................................................................................................................8
P5 Importance and values of operation management to achieve goals and objectives...............9
P6 Assess the factors within the business environment which can impact on operational
management...............................................................................................................................10
M3..............................................................................................................................................11
M4..............................................................................................................................................11
D2..............................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Management operations determine effective roles to ascertain effective results and
performances at workplace. In this way, manager and leaders are possesses their roles and
responsibilities to create positive environment (Cooper, Dowsett and Rogers, 2013). It assists to
enhance capabilities and efficiency of them to attain business results in systematic way. In this
context, present report is based on Mark and Spencer which is dealing in different types of
products that exist within the supermarket. In this aspect, they are operating various types of
products and services to make effective results and outcomes. To conduct study on the company,
present report covers roles and characteristic of leaders and manager of the enterprise to deal
different situations. Furthermore, it includes different theories and models for ascertain effective
results and performances within the chosen organisation.
TASK 1
P1 Define and compare various roles and characteristic of leader and manager
Leaders and manager both play a vital role in success of every business. In this aspect,
they are demonstrated their role to ascertain profitability and positive outcomes at workplace.
This is because, in M&S both are determines their role to enhance revenue and profits at
workplace. Thus, they focus on goals and objectives which need to be taken for developing ideas
and opinion (O’Donnell, Keane and Bazjanac, 2013). However, they both are different to
comprises outcomes and operations at workplace. Difference among leaders and managers are as
follows:
Basis Leader Manager
Characteristic In respect to meet with targets As compare to leader, manager

and goals, leader possesses
their roles and objectives at
workplace through ascertain
various characteristics. In this
way, they are developing ideas
and operations with initiator,
motivator and many other
aspects.
demonstrates their outcomes
with effective characteristics.
In this way, they are making
goals and objectives at
workplace.
Focus Leaders are always focusing
on goals and objectives to
create positive results at
workplace.
However, manager focuses on
only profits and revenue which
they are earn within the chosen
firm (Sen, Sen and Kaushik,
2016).
Opinion Leaders possess creative
opinion which assists to grow
more operations and outcomes
at workplace.
Manager determines their
outcomes with same opinion
always. This is because, they
are using same thing to dealing
with various situations
(O’Donnell, Keane and
Bazjanac, 2013).
Orientation Leaders are demonstrates their
role to make large orientation
within the organisation (Kim,
Park and Jung, 2014).
As compare to leader, manager
determines their results and
performances through short
term targets and results.
Vision Leaders possess long term
vision to enhance outcomes
and performances within
M&S.
However, manager determine
their role to create results and
performances in the positive
element at workplace (Cooper,
Dowsett and Rogers, 2013).

P2 Examine example of situations in which leaders and manager determines their effective roles
Within the chosen enterprise, manager and leaders are taking important part to ascertain
effective results and performances. In this aspect, they want to earn more revenue and profits
within M&S. Hence, they are determining their roles and responsibilities through they can
maintain results and profitability at workplace (O’Donnell, Keane and Bazjanac, 2013).
Following are such example, in which they are determine roles and responsibilities to attain
outcomes and profits at workplace:
 Internal structure of the business is determining effective results and performances. In
this way, they both are ascertain results and performances for managing task and
operations in effective way. With the help of leaders participation, M&S can make
strategy for their vision so that it would be helpful to make results and performances in
effective way. In addition to this, manager also play role for scheduling and time to meet
daily targets and outcomes at workplace (Cooper, Dowsett and Rogers, 2013).
 In addition to this, leaders require their participation at each level to make effective
results and performances. Leader’s position in M&S is very effective which take
important outcomes and results at workplace. In this aspect, they have to make
concentration to assess the values and profitability at workplace. On the other hand,
manager has responsibilities to encourage various employees through providing them
benefits so it will be helpful to create results and performances effective (Sen, Sen and
Kaushik, 2016).
Role of manager
Manager play following role for creates profits and effective results at workplace:
Planning
Manager are playing very important role for create positive results in M&S. As results,
they will easily make results and performances for accomplish desire objectives. In this way,
planning is requires perform activities and actions within the chosen business (O’Donnell, Keane
and Bazjanac, 2013).
Organising
With the help of organising activities, manager can set their roles to deliver effective
results and outcomes at workplace. In this way, they are easily makes more profits and revenue
within the business environment (Cooper, Dowsett and Rogers, 2013).

Leading
In addition to this, leading is also require at workplace for accomplish results and
performances. Further, leading assist to encourage people for attain effective results.
Controlling
All process is also control by manager to attain profits and revenue at workplace. In this
aspect, control assist to gain competitive advantages. Thus, targets can be achieves at workplace
for deliver results and performances (Sen, Sen and Kaushik, 2016).
Role of leaders
Leaders are demonstrates their roles at workplace which are as follows:
Motivating to employees
Leader play very important role to set their activities and results at workplace. In this
aspect, they are playing role to motivate them for achieve common goals and objectives at
workplace (O’Donnell, Keane and Bazjanac, 2013).
Work as an entrepreneur
With the help of entrepreneur quality, leader can demonstrate their role at workplace. In
this way, targets and new things can be develops at workplace.
Distribute work among people
Leader play role to demonstrate duty and responsibility to each member. It will assist to
gain more profits and revenue at workplace (Jiang, Xue and Geng, 2013).
P3 Different theories and model of approaches within the chosen organisation
In order to overcome business problems, there are various elements in which leadership
require at workplace of M&S. They are as follows:
Situational leadership style
This theory is based on situation aspect. Thus, it assists to handle situation of M&S in
effective manner. As results, it will assist to make effective results and performances (Ding,
Sarikprueck and Lee, 2016). As per the workers capabilities, the chosen business will get more
profits and revenue at workplace.
Contingency leadership style
In order to emphasize on particular situation and outcomes, it is important to handle
queries and problems. Thus, the chosen firm can use this element to ascertain more profits and
revenue within the business environment (Vigneswaran, Kandasamy and Johir, 2016).

Systematic leadership style
This theory assists to make systematic work for developing ideas and operations at
workplace. In this way, functions and operations are develops at workplace through assign roles
and responsibility at workplace (Cooper, Dowsett and Rogers, 2013). Thus, M&S can achieve
their targets and goals.
M1
In order to attain profits and revenue at high level, manager and leader both possess their
effective role at workplace. In this aspect, they can lead with different outcomes which require
perform various activities and goals at workplace. In this way, they are both different in term of
responsibility. This is because, in M&S leader has responsibility to work with their followers and
member. They are guiding to them to work for achieve goals and objectives within the business
environment (O’Donnell, Keane and Bazjanac, 2013). However, manager is not working with
their employee. They are only giving instruction to work within the chosen business.
M2
There are different types of theories applies at workplace which assist to grow business
and operations at workplace. In this aspect, leader of the chosen enterprise is using systematic
leadership style that assists to make results and performances in high manner. Hence, it create
profitability and to make results and performances positive.
D1
As per the view of Vigneswaran, Kandasamy and Johir, (2016), situation leadership style is
the best for M&S. This is because, within the company there are various issues which need to be
taken at workplace. It includes managing task, solve conflicts of the employees and many more
elements (Vigneswaran, Kandasamy and Johir, 2016).
TASK 2
P4 Explains key approaches to operations management and role of leaders and manager which
play at workplace
Operation management is the important areas in which the business promote their
services and products in effective manner. In this aspect leaders and manager of M&S gives their
important part to accomplish desire results and performances at workplace. They both are

performs different roles and responsibilities to ascertain results and performances in effective
manner (Hsiao, Fan and Lan, 2014). Key approaches demonstrate various positive results and
benefits to gain more profits and results at workplace. Such key approaches are as follows:
Six sigma
It is the different set of activities in which the company try to enhance their quality and
results. It will assist to M&S to eliminate loopholes to enhance productivity and performances. It
will also measure results through implement the things at workplace. In addition to this, the
company can make their product qualitative at workplace. Hence, customer are easily attracts
towards the company operations and outcomes (Christopher, 2016).
Lean theory
Lean theory assists to make productivity and performances positive. In this way, waste
material can be eliminating at workplace which creates problems to operate effective functions
and operations. It will assist to M&S to make their products qualitative and standardisation for
achieve more profits and performances at workplace. In addition to this, waste and overburden
can easily reduce at workplace through lean theory. Therefore, the chosen business can achieve
their targets and goals easily (O’Donnell, Keane and Bazjanac, 2013).
Queuing theory
Queuing theory is also take important place at workplace. It is a mathematical approach
that helpful to maintain queue within the organisation. It will take line to complete products and
their results at workplace. As results, M&s can take effective results and performances to dealing
with various aspects at workplace. However, managers and leaders are possess effective roles to
demonstrate their participation (Sen, Sen and Kaushik, 2016). They possess different roles and
outcomes at workplace which are as follows:
Role of leader
Determines clear vision of the business
Leaders are playing role to demonstrate clear vision to attain profits and revenue at
workplace. In this aspect, they are playing role to make strategy and activities which assist to
enhance profitability and positive results at workplace (Bui, Hussain and Kim, 2016). With the
help of different elements, they are demonstrating effective strategy at workplace which make
clear role towards M&S.
Motivate to employee

In addition to this, they are also play role to motivate their employee to undertake
effective results and performances at workplace. In this way, they will take participation of
various employee to demonstrate various activities within M&S. As results, the company can
achieve more profits and revenue at workplace (Vigneswaran, Kandasamy and Johir, 2016).
Role of manager
Work as a leader
Manager determines their role to motivate employee and encourage them as well. In this
aspect, they are work as a leader at workplace. In this way they are also demonstrate positive
results and performance at workplace so that business will easily attain positive results (Kim, Jin
and Yoon, 2015).
Establish targets and goals
In addition to this, manager is also working to determines targets and goals at workplace.
They are developing ideas and operations which assist to grow business operations within M&S.
As results, targets and profitability will easily maintain to ascertain results and performances
(O’Donnell, Keane and Bazjanac, 2013).
P5 Importance and values of operation management to achieve goals and objectives
Manager of the organisation perform different functions and operations which assist to
manage business results and outcomes at workplace. In this aspect, they are determines their
effective results and participation to attract customer towards the chosen firm (Farhadi and
Mohammed, 2014). This is because, they are frame targets and objectives of the enterprise to
make specific goals and objectives. Manager demonstrate planning, organising, staffing and
controlling the business activities which assist to make operations and functions in M&S. In this
aspect, they are also making clear vision towards the company operations so that it would be
beneficial for attain positive results and performances. This is because, M&S dealing in food
products so that it is essential to determine results and performances to gain competitive
advantages. It create more values of products and services which can be manage at workplace for
dealing different results and outcomes. In respect to make success, operations management play
very important role because it demonstrates various benefits which require enhance participation
of shareholders at workplace (Zheng-jun and Bai, 2015).
Values of the company also increase which make effective results and performances.
Primary products are need to be enhance at workplace that require for creates quality and

ascertain positive outcomes. With the help of maximisation of shareholders participation, the
chosen business can lead with different element which assist to determine resources at workplace
(Chand and Ashish, 2014). In this way, M&S can achieve their targets and goals through
ascertain competitive advantages within the organisation. In addition to this, operation
management also assist to concentrate on proper facilities which require perform different
functions and operations at workplace. In this way, the company can categories their products
and services which making effective results and performances at workplace. Thus, they will
easily accomplish results and performances (Kim, Park and Jung, 2014).
P6 Assess the factors within the business environment which can impact on operational
management
There are various factors which create impact on the operation management of M&S. They
are as follows:
 Work process: In respect to operate functions and operations, at workplace of M&S
work process create impact of the company. In this aspect, manager needs to perform
their operations and functions to create effective process. They have to monitor
continuous to each activity so that goals and targets can be achieve easily in the best
manner. It will enhance profits and revenue at workplace which create positive
advantages (Jereme and et.al., 2015).
 Employee training: Employee training is also takes important place that assist to create
positive results and performances. It will assist to make products and services qualitative
so that company can attract potential customer towards the business. In addition to this, it
make brand image of M&S to ascertain profitability and performances at workplace. In
this way, roles and responsibility achieve at workplace to make profits high for
accomplish desire results (Vigneswaran, Kandasamy and Johir, 2016).
 Relationship with stakeholders: In addition to this, relationship with different
stakeholders assists to achieve targets and revenue. This is because, relationship create
with various people such as customer, employee, investors, trade union and government,
etc. In this way, customer takes services and products from M&S so that they can get
more revenue from them. Further, employee provides different types of services and
products to customer so that they will easily accomplish their objectives and goals at
workplace. Investor provides money to operate functions and operations so that the

company can enhance their revenue and profit at workplace (SHIBATA, MIYAMOTO
and IZUI, 2017). With the help of government relations, the company can also make their
participation through follow rules and regulation at workplace. As results, it can be stated
that with the help of relations with stakeholders, the company can make profitability and
positive results at workplace.
 Corporate social responsibility: In respect to meet with targets corporate social
responsibility assist to make effective results. This creates positive impact on the
company and its results. It is the responsibility of company to deal with different element
at workplace (Ding, Sarikprueck and Lee, 2016). In respect to this, M&S can achieve
their targets and goals at workplace. In addition to this, they are also work to protect
surrounding the business environment. It is essential to determine effective outcomes and
performances for attain objectives and goals.
M3
In order to improve efficiency, manager and leaders can take feedback from customer and
employee towards the business and products. As results, they will easily get more money at
workplace. As results, target and goals can also generate in positive way which assist to make
results and performances (Vigneswaran, Kandasamy and Johir, 2016). In this way, the company
can make their products and services according to customer demand so that they can lead with
various elements and outcomes at workplace. As results, business targets and outcomes can be
manage at workplace to deliver results and performances at workplace.
M4
In order to perform business functions and operations, there are various elements which
create impact on the company and its outcomes. In this aspect, M&S dealing with different
elements such as work process, corporate social responsibility and relations with stakeholders.
However, it determine effective results and performances within the chosen business to
demonstrate creativity at workplace.
D2
In respect to meet with objectives and goals, the company can achieve their positive results
and performances. In this aspect, targets and outcomes are develops for ascertain results and
performances for delivering positive results that can support to each and every element at

workplace for managing task and revenue. Hence, positivity can be taken within the chosen
enterprise (O’Donnell, Keane and Bazjanac, 2013).
CONCLUSION
In respect to meet with goals and objectives, there are various elements which need to be
taken at workplace. In this way, the company can develop their outcomes and performances with
managing operations and management in products and services. As results, targets and goals can
be achieves at workplace. Furthermore, report summarize about role of manager and leaders in
different aspects and approaches. It will assist to grow business operations in systematic way.
Moreover, report concluded about leadership theories which can be manage at workplace for
developing ideas and operations. In addition to this, report also concluded about roles and
characteristics which assist to gain competitive advantages within the business environment to
attain more profits and revenue at workplace. At last, there are various factors described which
impact on the operation management of the chosen business such as work process, employee
training and many more.

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