Analysis of Leadership and Management: Roles, Skills & Development

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management, exploring their definitions, core concepts, and the roles and responsibilities of leaders and managers in modern organizations. It highlights the similarities and differences between leadership and management, examining various approaches and theories relevant to contemporary business environments. Furthermore, the report includes a developmental plan outlining essential leadership and management skills required for line managers, emphasizing the importance of continuous development in these areas. The analysis covers aspects such as motivating employees, coordinating activities, and devising strategic plans, underscoring the critical role of both leadership and management in achieving organizational success. This student contributed assignment is available on Desklib, a platform that provides students with a wide array of study tools and resources, including past papers and solved assignments.

Developing leadership and management

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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
SECTION – 1.............................................................................................................................1
Definition of leadership and management..............................................................................1
Core concept of leadership and management.........................................................................2
Roles and responsibilities of a leader and manager in the modern context............................3
Crossover between the two concepts highlighting the differences and similarities...............4
SECTION – 2.............................................................................................................................7
Different methods of leadership and management development...........................................7
Development plan...................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Leadership along with management plays a very significant role in the success of any
business organization. Leaders are considered as an important resource as they help in
motivating the employees and on the other hand, managers are essential for coordinating the
activities and devising plans for attaining the pre-determined objectives of the company. Both
leadership and management are often considered as an interchangeable term however they are
strikingly varied from each other (Bass, 2018). Thus, it is quite essential to understand the
roles and responsibilities of leaders and managers in the modern contexts. Considering this,
the main aim of the current research report is to evaluate the concepts of leadership and
management. In doing so, the report is being segregated into two sections. In the first section,
similarities and differences amid these two concepts will be highlighted and different
approaches and theories to leadership and management in relevance with contemporary
organizations will also be included. The second section of the report will construct a
developmental plan which will outline the key leadership and management skills that line
managers are required to have in this contemporary business environment.
SECTION – 1
Definition of leadership and management
According to Northhosue (2015), leadership is being referred as the process in which
an individual influences the behaviour and activities of other group of people for the purpose
of attaining the shared goals of the organization. There are multitudes of ways in which the
leadership has been conceptualized. However, there are some of the elements which can be
determine as central to the phenomenon. Leadership is defined as the process which implies
that leadership is not just a simple trait which is being endowed since birth. Further, by
process here, implies that the leader influence and is being influenced by the followers. It also
takes place in groups. According to Bennis and Nanus (2017), leadership is referred as the
social association amid two or more persons who rely on one another for attaining the shared
objectives in a group condition. Thus, it can be attributed that good leadership supports in
achievement of the objectives through emphasizing on the maintenance requirement of the
group and task needs for the team to make progress in regards with accomplishment of the
objective. As per Harrison (2017), leaders are the people takes charge of the company and
disseminate accountabilities to other members of the team for attaining the desired results. In
fact, they offer team members different tools and act as an emotional captain for the ship.
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Moving further, those organizations which are successful and effective have
productive management teams. According to Liphadzi, Aigbavboa and Thwala (2017),
management is being referred as the process of planning, organizing, directing as well as
controlling the actions of the workers in combination with other resources for attaining the
objectives of the firm. Further, management takes up the concept of leadership and puts it
into the action. As per Liphadzi, Aigbavboa and Thwala (2017), management is being
referred as the procedure of supervising a particular activity right from the very beginning to
its implementation. Moreover, it is dreary process which involves intricate planning,
supervising performance as well as effective management of financial, human capital and
other resources inside the scope of the project undertaken. Other than this, by the
management it can also be implied that it is a discipline which adhere with the goals related
to performance. it encompasses development, checking along with rewarding the clear target
goals. Additionally, it is crucial that the managers in the organization must make use of inter-
personal abilities for driving work ethics in their sub-ordinates. Consequently, it can be
attributed that management is being used in assortment of industries as well as sectors
nevertheless it is specifically important in the sphere of finance as well as production
(Aguinis, Gottfredson and Culpepper, 2013). Besides, one of the most influential figures in
the evolution of the management practices “Peter Drucker” had a belief that the indispensable
determination of management involves amalgamation of innovation along with marketing.
Core concept of leadership and management
The idea or perception of leadership as well as management are being regarded as one
of the most indispensable discussions in the business world. Each and every firm maintains
people who are responsible for different tasks and the strategies being selected by them
strongly relies on the personality along with educational background and training being hold
by them. The area or subject or leadership approach has provided competent theories for
outlining the subtleties of being in a position of a power (Ardichvili and Manderscheid,
2018). With the explanation of the industry players, they become very complex in this present
business environment and thus, the executives of the company are in great requirement to
obtain critical leadership styles and balance skills with management approaches. This is due
to the fact that both of these concepts are very critical for the firms. Without having good
management along with good leadership, business corporations cannot attain their pre-
determined objectives. In addition to this, both the management and leadership theories and
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understanding is vital as a precondition for effective leadership and management (Day and
Dragoni, 2015).
Focusing in relation with leadership, it is an intrinsic part of the board, giving the
vision, direction, and motivation for others to accomplish execution goals. On the other hand,
the management advantages of cautious preparation and execution remain generally wasteful
until laborers try to use them through the inspiration driven by leaders (Bass, 2018).
Notwithstanding a typical confusion, numerous pioneers are the groundwork of an
authoritative pyramid as opposed to its top since they impact the organization starting from
the earliest stage. Supervisors support to regulate capacity and design inside an organization,
sitting above exercises and the general system of activities. Managers are mutual in the
mediator hierarchical levels, offsetting the management with execution (Poole, 2015). The
real factors of the cutting-edge economy have made intricacy and unpredictability inside
business activities. Mechanical advancements, rivalry, market abnormality, financial
exchange reliance, segment or political movements, and fast industry changes are compelling
elements in the worldwide economy. Authority has turned into a requested skill in different
ventures because of the capacity to make change. To stay competitive organizations are
compelled to adjust as well as develop at a generally fast rate in contrast with ventures of the
twentieth century. Further, leaders can direct modification since it is cantered around driving
forward a specific vision (Karaevli and Hall, 2016).
In the interim, the management likewise includes significant applications inside
enterprises. Partnerships and associations are more perplexing than any other time, with
broad stock chains and worldwide dissemination organizations. The management can assist
with keeping up with command over the intricacy and disorder by guaranteeing a system of
order as well as steadiness which is massively esteemed by financial backers. Equipped
administration resolves problems related to value control, financial plan arranging, and item
productivity (Kotter, 2017). Managers can set goals and make a rundown of steps and plan
that the objective pointers can be accomplished given the accessible assets.
Roles and responsibilities of a leader and manager in the modern context
According to Bolman (2013), the success of the organization is not only dependent on
the managers of a particular project for handling the project however there is a requirement to
leads the workers involved in the project. Both the managers and the leaders have skills,
tools, abilities, understanding and experiences and this the reason workers follows them.
Thus, growing and sustaining the workers will not help the firms in creating values as well as
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higher degree of performance rather it will also help them in attaining the goals and
objectives of the company. Further, the best leadership style is more than one style and it
majorly relies on the requirement of the followers (Ferguson and Reio, 2017). Talking in
relation with the managers, they are being referred as the people who helps in driving the
objectives of the firm by the pre-determined plans which have been allotted to them. For the
purpose of attaining the above define tasks, managers are required develop as well as set
strategies to the approaches of the firm and must make sure that the planning of the
workforce in a manner that accomplishes the main goals of the firm. Furthermore, the main
constructivist aspect of the managers is that they can be disseminated at different levels
within the business which enables them to be able to manage the tasks throughout varied
departments (Chemers, 2017). Other than this, the managers will also have the accountability
of dealing with the appraisal of their group members and the procedure related to valuations
will be grounded on the performance of an individual and the manners they carry out their
responsibilities.
Leaders are being referred as those people who helps in getting the work being done
from those who employed by the business. Similar to managers, leaders also play a very
crucial role in encouraging the workers by seeking support from his good communication as
well as leadership skills. Additionally, they are being skilled in making their team to attain
the pre-determined objectives which is being regarded as one of the most favourable
consequences of a leader is that they can impact as well as motivate the workers for them to
carry out their level. The different functions of management and leadership are being
described underneath:
Talking in relation with the management, it is being described as the area where
management of all the facets of a department or team is required in the best possible way, this
is the attribute which is missing to be able to get the work being completed. One of the major
different between the roles and responsibilities of a leader and a manger is that management
is for the organized as well as formal individual on the other hand, leadership is being
absorbed at both informal as well as formal groups (Armstrong, 2016). Furthermore,
leadership is a feature of encouraging people who are in a position to accomplish the
objectives of the firm. Additionally, leadership is not exactly similar as management. this is
due to the fact that direction is one of the different components of control.
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Crossover between the two concepts highlighting the differences and similarities
In a composed manner, both of these terms that is leading as well as managing forms
the agenda for capabilities and skills which are essential for an individual for driving the
success for the team. In reality, the notions or ideas of leadership and management are
identical particularly in unfolding the performance efficiency within the firm. Being
illustrated in the table below, the main functions of the management and leadership moves in
a continuum which cannot be separated from each other.
Figure 1: Leadership and Management Continuum
(Zaleznik, 2017).
Furthermore, some of these functions are being utilized for description of the roles of
leaders and manager which is resulting in distortion of their definitions and functions as a
variety of one role. With the passage of time, the separation of these functions has been
prolonged as a false contradiction by the constant vague utilization of these words. For
illustration, as per the article seven of Forbes (2012), leading is being labelled as a who you
are as a person and on the other hand, management is being labelled as amore of a craft along
with fundamentally skill based which can be learned. As well, it has recommended leading as
an identity which needs to be cultivated in the individual and managing is nothing but the set
of behaviours representing the form of competency. Representation of leadership
development as an internal process of self -reflection in contradiction to becoming an
enhanced manager by improving of a craft, offers a misleading comprehension of allegedly
varied concepts and exceptionally overgeneralizes organizational and human development.
According to Wajdi (2017), management and leadership concepts plays a very crucial
role for the purpose of effectively handling the emerging issues faced in the contemporary
business corporations, for having higher level of competitiveness in the market, for
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maximizing the level of output and for augmenting the efficiency. On contrary to this, as per
Bârgău (2015), the word management is being defined as the planning, leading, defining,
organizing along with controlling the human and other resources for the attainment of pre-
determined goals and objectives successfully. Moreover, management also signifies that
manager is being engrossed in the tasks through demonstrating the followers about the things
they need to do for attaining the objectives. On the other side, Sadeghi and Rad (2018),
defines management as a set of activity of performing things with the support of other people
and resources. Thus, for the purpose of having an effective management, there us a
requirement of execution of effective, well-designed and organized plan. Besides, McCleskey
(2014), has also described management as putting in place a plan, establishing the budgets
plus controlling the growth of attainment of the objectives. Overall, strategically management
is an important procedure which helps in establishing goals for pursuing, the utilization of
assets such as financial and human and finally, controlling the results.
As opposed to this, leadership is referred as the process or steps which are being
utilized for influencing the others for attaining the needed objectives of the firm. As per
Algahtani (2014), leadership is the step related to social impact which cannot take place
without leaders and followers. There are many dissimilarities being determined by Dike
(2015), between leadership and management. he identified that management is concerned
with administration while leadership is concerned with innovation. Furthermore, management
makes use of regulations and rules on contrary, leadership makes rules and regulations.
Management is related with maintenance of the environment along with system whereas
leadership develops those systems and environment. Contrary, management pays attention on
structure of the firm while leadership emphasize on the people. Finally, management is
responsible for controlling the system for attaining the desired objectives although leadership
develops trust as well as purpose.
In contradiction to above perspectives Gradinarova (2021), have identified that there
are some similarities between both the leadership and management concepts. Both the leaders
and the managers have same kind of roles as they both impacts the behaviour of people in a
group or team. Leadership and management both helps in managing the group of people in
the organization and supports them in reaching their identified goals. Moreover, both offers
structure for other and pays attention towards open communication. Honest along with
respect are considered as an important element for both the leaders and the managers. Last
but not the least, both of them have to make sound decisions in the organizations. On the
other hand, Răducan and Răducan (2014), have stated that although leadership as well as
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management are quite dissimilar from each other, they do have some similarities as well. It is
nothing but the features of both the leaders and the managers that collide with one another.
Both of them handles and manages the work in every situation in a very same manner
(Karaevli and Hall, 2016). He further stated that both leaderships along with management
have a different attitude in regards with the work. The leaders and the managers are
hardworking, determined and trustworthy towards their job role. Other than this, both of them
are every well aware about the manners of handling the team and directing the members
towards the correct direction for attaining the set goals. Furthermore, they are also aware
about the weak and strong points of their sub-ordinates and utilizes analysis for keeping
things in right order (Hamstra and et.al, 2014). Most significantly, they recognize the ways of
managing conflicts at the workplace. Thus, it is quite evident from the above critical
evaluation that there are different similarities that exist amid leadership and management in
spite of varied difference between them.
SECTION – 2
In today's contemporary business environment, leadership and management plays a
vital role for the success of business. In order to achieve goals, companies are focusing on
development of management and leadership with the help of skills, knowledge and effective
methods. Basically, leadership and management are all about enhancing the structure and
processes in the company (Sadeghi and Rad, 2018). Nowadays. Managers of the company is
focusing on getting grips with the systematic process in the firm by managing business
functions such as planning, controlling and organization. While on the other hand leaders of
the firm focus on developing leaderships' development such as self-confidence, self-
awareness and self-understanding.
Different methods of leadership and management development
 Coaching- This method is used by organization in order to develop managerial
thinking systems and process related to it (Vogel and et.al., 2021). In addition to
this, by using this method, leaders and managers can enhance skills and knowledge
which helps them to achieve their goals. In this method, the instructor plays the role
of guide who provide support to learners in order to set goals and objectives.
 The case study – It is one of the most useful and powerful method which is followed
by management team in the firm in order to develop analytical skill. With the help of
this method, managers can provide actual description about situation in business
which gives an idea to reader about the requirements. It can give stimulating
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discussions to employees as well as they can grasp opportunity to defend their
judgement abilities and solving skills.
 Training – As we all know that any activity that improves the leadership quality in
the firm is known as leadership development (Xu, Wang and Wen, 2019). So, to
improve it leaders must use training method to enhance their skills. Nowadays,
organizations provide training and development sessions to their leaders which can
motivate them to work effectively for the success.
 Self-directed learning – This method is used by leaders in order to develop their
skills and knowledge. By using this method effectively, they focus on improvement
of themselves such as developing new skills, identifying their strengths and
weaknesses and also determining resources (Vogel and et.al., 2021). With the help
of self-directed learning method, the leaders can gain a broader perceptive on
responsibilities related to leadership and what steps it takes to become a good leader.
 Job rotation – This method is generally used by managers in order to enhance
confidence level for employees. By using this method, potential manager can easily
turn specialists into expert generalists which is beneficial for the company success
(Xu, Wang and Wen, 2019). When the manager provide opportunity to executives to
work for another department such as from one plan to another and from one job to
another for the purpose of achieve learning and education development. With the
help of this method, trainees can enhance their job experience and improve their
understanding level. The manager moves employees between line and different
positions in different department.
 360-degree feedback – With the help of 360-degree feedback method, the leaders
can develop their areas which they are lacking (Kjellström, Törnblom and Stålne,
2020). By using this method, they can maximize the opportunities related to
learning. So, by using coaching method, the leaders can facilitate feedback
procedure and help change using open communication discussion. An effective
leader must accept opinion of others so that they can make necessary changes.
By measuring the results of the development program, the leaders can implement
development of management and leadership. Nowadays, leaders are focusing on strengthen
decision-making process and also cultivating self-awareness programs in order to implement
it. To improve skills related to management and leadership, leaders and managers must
construct development plan (Sadeghi and Rad, 2018).
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Development plan is the best way to reflect upon yourself, as it helps the managers
and leaders to enhance the skills of their workforce and themselves (Bukharina, 2018). By
proper planning, they can encourage staff members to identify their weaknesses and enhance
strengths to achieve opportunities.
Development plan
Skills to develop Activities need to
undertake to achieve
objectives
Resources / support Target date
Delegating skills
(leadership)
Balancing trust with
team-mates by keeping
track on their work
Online classes,
coaching method
2 months
Problem solving skills
(management)
Brainstorming creative
solutions and practice
solving issues on
regular basis (Sadeghi
and Rad, 2018)
Referring articles and
attending online
workshops
3 months
From the above development plan, it has been evaluated that an effective leader must
have the ability to delegate task to its employees as per their interest and qualification. By
using these skills, they can motivate their team members and delegate responsibilities among
them easily (Bukharina, 2018). Sometimes delegating task is one of the most crucial skills
which create fear for leaders. Therefore, they must need to focus on identifying the skills and
knowledge of each staff members and assign roles, duties and responsibilities on the basis of
their skill set and experience (Xu, Wang and Wen, 2019).
Leaders much prioritize tasks so that projects can be completed on time without any
further delay. To improve delegating skills the leaders must accept feedback from team
members by using 360-degree feedback method. With the help of feedback method, the
leaders can evaluate the performance of employees and know about outcomes which needs to
be measurable.
By developing problem solving skills, the managers can easily able to determine why
difficult situation arise and why problem is happening and how to solve that particular
situation. To implement problem solving skills the managers must find out the issues with the
help of brainstorming method. This can provide clear idea about what the main issue the team
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is facing (Xu, Wang and Wen, 2019). After that they need to generate solutions which is
relevant and helpful for the success. Just after generating these solution managers need to
evaluate the alternative solution and then select it in order to target goals. Lastly, they
implement it and take follow up from the team members by using feedback method and
schedule meeting on weekly basis. Reinforcing progress and building awareness is one of the
best steps to implement skills development.
CONCLUSION
Thus, from the above analysis, it can be concluded that leadership and management
are being regarded as one of the most essential elements through which the company can
attain higher level of growth and success. There are significant researches have been done in
relation with these concepts and all have highlighted the similarities and differences between
them. It has been evaluated that managing as well as leading could indeed be same and they
are inseparable from each other. The report has included a developmental plan through which
leadership and management skills can be developed and implemented effectively by the line
managers in this current business environment.
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