Leadership & Management Skills: Theories, KPIs, and Unilever Analysis

This report provides an overview of essential leadership and management theories and models, discussing general leadership skills and qualities. It analyzes and compares leadership and management concepts, highlighting the significance and impact of leadership on business performance. The report also examines key performance metrics within organizational sectors, markets, and industries, specifically focusing on Unilever as a case study. It elaborates on Unilever's organizational leadership and management performance, showcasing the effects of leadership within the company and the types of leaders present. The relationship between performance management and leadership is explored, emphasizing the importance of member effectiveness and strategic performance planning. The document concludes by underscoring the value of implementing new strategic behaviors and models to achieve productive outcomes.

Developing Leadership
and Management Skills

Executive summary
This report is summarised about the important theories and model of management and
leadership qualities and traits, in this report there is discussion of general leadership skills
and qualities. Further in this report there is significance and impact of leadership in
performance of business.

Contents
Executive summary..........................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
TASK...............................................................................................................................................1
Analysis and comparison of leadership and management...........................................................1
Key performance metrics of organizational sector/market/industry ...........................................4
Organizational leadership and management performance. .........................................................5
CONCLUSION............................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
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INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management are similar yet different concepts from each other. As the
term leadership is something which can be defined as an individual ability to influence and
motivate other people to bring the best result out of them. If focuses generally on the
encouragement of individuals to give more effective results for an organisation or business. A
leader can be a person who can be able to do change. A effective leader is an individual who
always take care of others before overcoming self interests and actively take responsibilities. The
qualities than an leader posses are they are committed towards tasks and duties that are assigned
to them. They have communication efficiency, they take ownership for the tasks they are
allocated, they are honest and do their task with integrity and many other qualities. Where as
management is an different concept that can be introduced as an social understanding which
consider the useful and appropriate planning for different operations in an organisation for
achieving organisational goals respectively (Willcocks, and Conway, 2020). A management is
help by an manager who is an individual in charge of certain groups of assignments and tasks
within an business organisation or firm. It is totally involved in planning, organizing, staffing,
leading, controlling. In this report there is an detailed analysis of the leadership and management
with context to an company based on United kingdom Unilever. In this report there will be
analysation of leadership and managements with comparing both the aspects in different terms.
Key performance matrix of Unilever will be discussed in this report with taking market and
industry in reference. At last of this report there is an detailed descriptions and elaboration about
the organisation leadership and management performance in Unilever is been discussed. The
effects of leadership in the company and types of leaders present in organisation will be
showcased.
MAIN BODY
TASK
Analysis and comparison of leadership and management
Leadership is an individual quality that includes an art to influence and motivate other in
different aspect of work so that organisation goals can be achieved and work place can be more
productive in term of results and tasks completion (Barr, and Dowding, 2019). Leadership is
essential for an organisation as it is necessary to achieve goals in step by step manner.
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There are different leadership theories that can be described below:
Contingency theory:
This theory describes that no leadership style is able to be applied in all situations. There
are various situation which needs to be suited in the conditions as per style of leadership. In
context of contingency theory a effective leader have traits of many leadership qualities.
Unilever operates in almost 190 countries and many branches will have different strategic tool
and issues to face (Cansoy, and Parlar, 2018). As per this theory the organisation have to take
different leadership decisions to conquer the issues with the teams.
Situational leadership theory:
The situational theory describes leaders to apply the most effective option to act upon on
various situation which require leadership qualities. This leadership styles don't have any style
superior than other (Alade, and Windapo, 2020). Unilever exist with big operational firms and
there will uprise situation where a exceptional leadership style will apply much more effect in
that situation, Like misdirection in teams, lack of field effectiveness in firms, workers can
oppose managers etc. It is better that various styles of leadership are more close for certain types
of decision making.
Transformational leadership theory:
This leadership style focuses on engagement between leaders and followers. This theory
shows leader which have qualities like is inspiring, charismatic and encourages followers to
change and be better at a task (Hai, and Van, 2021). In Unilever there are directors and
promoters who constantly inspires the team and managers to encourages and help in grow
company performances. Unilever take in such leaders to continuously put more motivation in
work environment.
Transactional Theories:
This theory is also know as management theory in the field of leadership. This theory
considers rewards and recognition for performance where as punishments as per there action. In
this theory supervision and continuous observation of team members are involved (Farooq,
2018). Unilever have good rules for incentives, promotion, bonuses and recognition for good
performance in work. the organisation also do demotion and cut responsibilities position if bad
decisions affect company negatively.
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The different types of management theories are as follows:
Scientific management theory: This theory was made by Frederick taylor which aims in
improving the overall performance of an organisation. The developer believed that an
management in organisation needs to continuously motivates its employees in order to get better
results and be able to reach good productivity in work place. As per Unilever focus a system in
order to motivate employees with providing rewards such as promotion and recognition.
Unilever have an system to measure performance of staff and employee for achieving this
process.
Bureaucratic management theory: This theory was developed by Max Webber in which the
theory was focused on providing structure to the organisation. The ultimate aim of this theory is
that the organisation continuously needs to develop rules and regulation with formulating
policies to make operations and projects effective (Dhillon, Howard, and Holt, 2020). Unilever
uses different rules and regulation to be more effective in market. This resulted in efficiency in
communication of employees of lower group with higher group.
System management theory: This theory advise that an business organisation is mixed up of
different components which makes them to carry out many operations with easiness. An
organisation is like an human body which works differently to achieve one goal. It suggest that
employees need to follow their works effectively and ethically as the employees are the main
components of work place. The productivity is main source in achieving the aim of organisation
in the market.
Distinguish between leadership and management:
Leadership Management
 Leadership is considered to be art that
influences people and motivates
employees to achieve an particular
goal. The objectives of leader is to
carry out operations with effectiveness
in the work place.
 A leader have responsibilities to solve
various issues and doubts that arises in
 Management is something that have to
perform activities like planning,
directing, controlling and take different
important choices for the business.
 The management is guided by manager
and they focus in adding new strategies
and innovate new idea to make profit .
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work environment and with employees.
They need to take serious changes to
achieve objectives.
 A leader is dependent in people and
they need to divide responsibilities as
per the roles of their members.
 They work under an leader and they are
mainly task oriented, the management
have to give orders to employees to do
operations in an well mannered way.
Key performance metrics of organizational sector/market/industry
The key performance indicators are the critical indicators of an progress that is been
going in an organisation to achieve an desired result (Schoemaker, Heaton, and Teece, 2018).
Key performance indicators provides a focused process for making strategic and operational
improvement and growth. This helps in creating an analytical base for decision making and it
helps in focus in attention on what matter more for an organisation like Unilever.
There are many key performance indicators that help in an organisation to measure the
performance like:
Revenue growth: This is the main key performance indicator of any company as this helps in
measuring their objectives and revenues which they had made from market (Jones, Vaux, and
Olsson-Brown, 2019). Companies such as Unilever is much focused on getting goals and
objectives which makes in getting more revenues and profits from market. In this companies
measure performance through the amount of profits generated from the market.
Customer satisfaction: The organisations uses this performance indicators to get their indexes
on sometimes for an specific product. This shows consumer changing preferences and market
trends. For this indicators companies generally uses feed back or surveys taken time to time. This
can be important tool for organisation such as Unilever.
Profit margin: This is a crucial source to measure the organisational performance in the
organisation market they are present. In retail industry in which Unilever is present it is essential
to improve there productivity and other factors which will result in gaining profit in market.
Profit margin is a important party of performance matrix as the business can be able to track their
operations to achieve goal and objectives.
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Organizational leadership and management performance.
It is an strategic approach in which there is support to implement new methods in
process to increase productivity of the organisation work environment. The leadership and
management efforts increase in help of organisation to achieve goals and long term objectives in
market. Unilever have a large presence of leaders who are experienced in their fields and
contribute largely in providing new and innovative ideas for which the company can generate
huge amount of revenue from the market presence of Unilever. Originally the organisation
function of Unilever focuses in democratic approach in the work place as with large work force
presence there will be rise to new issues with personal problems and many more (Eva, and et.al.,
2021) (Ilac, 2018). With this feature the leaders present in the organisation are more
approachable which makes usefulness in approaching of employees to leaders and contributes
their way of thinking to the presence of the company. This is help in building up ideas and
finding new decisions.
Management of a company also plays an very important role in carrying out operations in
more effectively and efficiently as by making effective plans and strategies. Unilever is an
structured company which focuses in making plans and strategy to operate global business. The
main objective of the company is to develop new innovation and gain competitive dominance in
retail industry.
Relationship between the performance management and leadership :
Leadership needs to be focused on the members effectiveness:
leaders need to focus and improve the productivity of the members present in the
organisation to achieve the goals. The management and leaders must have good relationship to
work effectively in an organisation. There are many parts of performance management that are
needed to look that also includes aspects like performance reviews and ensure the employees of
stay on track and provide smooth growth without any issues (Nayani, and et.al., 2018). As an
leader present in organisation it is his responsibility to give appraisal as per the employee
performance and the issues of the employee can be resolved through giving them motivation,
coaching, mentorship through an efficient means of communication and recognition.
The teams in the organisation needs leaders to create performance strategy:
This is an most important work for an leader as it consist an work responsibilities of the
leader. They had to carry out different operations to make in growth of employee performance.
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On the different aspect the management have to observe the performance of leaders and their
other employee respectively as per their duty. Unilever leaders are responsible towards their
work as they have acquired a large position in market, and to achieve this result of dominance in
retail industry it is necessary to have leaders of good quality which have good performance
results expectations. The implementation of new strategical behaviour and models in the work
place of Unilever will result in good productive conclusions. The managers take accountability
of all team alignment and correct the performance issues. A strategic performance plan can help
in focusing the entire team to reach one goal.
Leaders record and analyse the performance of the data: there are various responsibilities of
leaders for helping employees in various difficult issues and helps them to overcome with an
solutions in order to be productive. As most of the leaders do not participate in developing
analytical data. But yet they are responsible for recording performance and determine the overall
success of the organisation. To result in being an good leader they must have speciality in
performance management as organisational leadership set an standard fro workers and
employees performance as per the company cultural quality. As per the Unilever leaders are able
to manage and communicate effectively with the employees to measure performance as with the
help of communication they get better view of them and also gets feedback of their personal
issues.
CONCLUSION
From he above report it has been concluded that leader and managers both are very
crucial part of an organisation and in order to achieve goals for any organisation it is essential to
apply leadership and management theories as per the situation to solve problems and issues
regarding organisation and employee directives. The organisation discussed in this report shares
an relationship with leaders to get results and achieve annual or long term aims effectively. The
various leadership theories as per the organisation aspect has been discussed in this report which
are contingency theory, Situational leadership theory, Transformational leadership theory,
Transactional Theories, where as the management theories were Scientific management theory,
Bureaucratic management theory, System management theory. Further in this report there was a
discussion of key performance indicators of the organisation which helps in determining overall
performance of the organisation. The key performance indicators which are considered in this
report were revenue growth, profit margin and others. There was an elaboration of differences
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between management and leadership which shows the distinguishing aspect of the leader and
managers. There is an discussion about the relationship with performance management and
leadership. The importance of leadership and management is been elaborated in this report with
reference to an company which shows the importance and there was an conclusion about the
vital operations to carry there is an need of good management presence in the company. Because
of effective managers company can gain competitiveness, smooth performance as well as
following operations in an systematic manner. At last of this report the overall data was analysed
and it has been resulted in the aspects of relationship between performance management and
leadership which shows the leadership needs to focus on the team effectiveness, the team and
group of organisation needs leaders to create an strategy to increase performance, leaders also
tracks and analyse the performance of the data that has been collected by the managers and
teams.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Alade, K. and Windapo, A.O., 2020. Developing effective 4IR leadership framework for
construction organisations. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.
Barr, J. and Dowding, L., 2019. Leadership in health care. Sage.
Cansoy, R. and Parlar, H., 2018. Examining the relationship between school principals’
instructional leadership behaviors, teacher self-efficacy, and collective teacher
efficacy. International Journal of Educational Management.
Dhillon, J.K., Howard, C. and Holt, J., 2020. Outstanding leadership in primary education:
Perceptions of school leaders in English primary schools. Management in
education, 34(2), pp.61-68.
Eva, and et.al., 2021. From competency to conversation: A multi-perspective approach to
collective leadership development. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(5), p.101346.
Farooq, M., 2018. Sustainable leadership, talent management and organisational health as
predictors of university transformation in the Central Region of Uganda.
Hai, T.N. and Van, Q.N., 2021. Servant Leadership Styles: A Theoretical Approach. Emerging
Science Journal, 5(2), pp.245-256.
Ilac, E.J.D., 2018. Exploring social enterprise leadership development through
phenomenological analysis. Social Enterprise Journal.
Jones, B., Vaux, E. and Olsson-Brown, A., 2019. How to get started in quality
improvement. Bmj, 364.
Nayani, and et.al., 2018. Out of sight and out of mind? A literature review of occupational safety
and health leadership and management of distributed workers. Work & Stress, 32(2),
pp.124-146.
Schoemaker, P.J., Heaton, S. and Teece, D., 2018. Innovation, dynamic capabilities, and
leadership. California Management Review, 61(1), pp.15-42.
Willcocks, S. and Conway, T., 2020. The shift to collaborative working and integration in the
English NHS: developing shared leadership in primary care networks. Journal of
Integrated Care.
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