Leadership and Management in Workplace: Theories and Styles

This report provides an overview of leadership and management theories in relation to workplace activities, using Hays, a British multinational company, as a case study. It discusses different leadership theories such as behavioral and contingency theories, and management theories including scientific and human relations theories. The report assesses various leadership and management styles like authoritative, democratic, and delegative styles, examining their applications in different business situations. Additionally, it explores factors influencing the development of organizational culture, such as top leadership principles, the nature of the business, and recruitment strategies. The report further discusses motivational strategies and the application of leadership and management theories in various workplace circumstances. Desklib provides more resources for students.

Leadership and
management in workplace
(Part 1)
Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1

TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Discussing different theories of Leadership in relation to management activities...........1
P2 Exploring different theories of management in respect to leadership and management
activities. ................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P3. Assessing different styles of leadership and management with their applications in range
of business situation...............................................................................................................4
P4 Examining the factors which influences the development of culture in organisations. ...6
Reflective Statement...............................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P5. Producing a motivational strategy for organisation to achieve organisational objectives.8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6. Application of appropriate leadership and management theories to a range of workplace
circumstances.........................................................................................................................9
References:.....................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The leadership and management are the synonymous which needs to have an
understanding of that leadership is an crucial part of effective management. The leadership
define as potential for influencing and driving group efforts towards the goals accomplishments.
Leadership differs from management as it is concerned with the functions of planning,
organising, staffing, directing and controlling, whereas leadership is an part of directing
management functions which puts focus on developing relationship, teamwork, inspiring and
motivating. In management there is delegation of authority and responsibility and structure is
laid down by manager whereas leaders provides direction through development of organisation
vision and communicates employees for achieving (Hammad, W. and Hallinger, P., 2017).
Leadership accompanied by management sets new path and utilizes resources with efficiency for
goals achievement. Both leadership and management are necessary for both individual and
organizational success. The leaders and managers are pillars of organisation which
communicates common objectives and goals with its employees in order to achieve common
objectives. For this report the chosen organisation is Hays which is British multinational
company offering recruitment and human resources services. It was founded in 1867 by Andrew
Martin and headquarter in London, England. This report covers the theories of leadership and
management, different management and leadership styles, factors influencing the development of
culture in the workplace.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1 Discussing different theories of Leadership in relation to management activities.
The leadership defines to art of motivating and influencing group of peoples for
performing the business operations so that organisational objectives can be attained. In the
organisation leaders are responsible for communicating objectives to their subordinates and work
is get done by others in most effective and efficient manner. Leadership is an practical approach
which encompasses ability of organisation and offers leading criteria as results for guiding and
motivating to other employees for attainment of smooth business access. The several leadership
theories in context to Hays is been discussed as below-
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Behavioural theory of Leadership- This leadership theory says that leaders are not
born. This theory focuses primarily on the actions and behaviour of leaders rather than their traits
or traits. Effective leadership is the only result of effective leadership skills. This leadership
theory is also known as style theory. As part of this theory, managerial behaviour has been
analysed and then categorized on the same basis (Hooper, A. and Potter, J., 2019). Leadership
styles include task-centric leaders, people-centric leaders, country club leaders, status quo
leaders, directorships, and many more. Actual behaviour and action determine the success of
leadership. Some of the pros and cons of leadership behaviour theory are listed below:
Pros
 In several situation it involves flexibility and adaptability.
 Managers can analyse and decide the practices and behaviours they wish to employ in
their leadership in order to become effective leaders.
 It says that anyone who has skills can become a leader
Cons
 In some specific situation it is not appropriate due to its flexibility and do not suggest
how to behave in certain circumstances.
 It is an learned process which takes time and may not be always successful.
Contingency theory of leadership- It is also known by name of Situational theory which
implies that no style of leadership can replace others. It majorly focus on special factors in
regards to environments and particular style is influenced in accordance to situations. This theory
takes some leadership style and states that great leaders can be moulded as per the situations. It
states that individual can be effective in one circumstances and in effective leader in another one.
Pros
 It is dynamic in nature which changes in accordance to situations and allows managers to
change the policies.
 It helps in enhancing leadership and decision making skills.
Cons
 It is complex approach and reactive in nature which sometimes becomes hard for
manager to handle the situations.
 It do not concentrate on the change philosophy in leadership style over time duration.
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P2 Exploring different theories of management in respect to leadership and management
activities.
The term management is defined as process of organising and managing all the activities
and tasks which is being performed in aim of achieving organisational goals and objectives. It
involves the five step process which involves planning, organising, staffing, directing and
controlling. In the organisation several functions are performed such as financial, human,
information and many more (Howieson, W.B., 2019). The working of management is for
organising all the functions so that business operations can be performed effectively and
efficiently. In the context to Hays the management theories are as follows-
Scientific theory of management- To acknowledge the work performance scientifically
Fredrick Taylor was the first person in developing such theory. He stated that getting employees
to work hard to get an effective result is not right. He recommended specifying the work and the
task in order to increase the productivity of the workforce. Essentially, this theory focuses on
specialization, standardization, comprehensive training and supervision. By introducing these
exercises into the workplace, the organization can increase productivity and profitability. It focus
on systematic study of people, behaviour and tasks.
Benefits
 It focus on the business operations which leads to improvement in production by having
cooperation among managers and workers and team work is achieved.
 As the theory was based on experiment and observation for context-specific solutions it
decreases inaccuracy. Accuracy can be achieved with better planning and better decision-
making.
Drawbacks
 The theory needs an huge capital investment and considered as costly system.
 The planning makes work inflexible and rigid which leads to dissatisfaction and less
productivity.
Human relation theory of management- This theory focus on changing working
condition which was introduced by Elton Mayo. It suggest that employee productivity and
motivation can be increased by having social bonds in workplace and acknowledging workers as
unique individual (Karami, S amd et.al., 2020). The workers are more willing to perform its
work with personal attention as part of team. It is an Psychology concept of human relation.
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Benefits
 This theory majorly focuses on improving employee productivity.
 It helps in removing grievance among the employees and employee relation is improved.
Drawbacks
 It focuses on human theory which do not involves workforce productivity.
 It has more theoretical concept and difficult in analysis of human relation.
TASK 2
P3. Assessing different styles of leadership and management with their applications in
range of business situation.
The management and leadership styles refer to specific philosophies and methodologies
used by managers and executives in leading and overseeing their teams. The managers and
executives in the context of Hays use such styles for decision making, planning and work
organization. Performing disciplinary action, reward achievement along with exercise force. The
various leadership and management styles related to Hays are as follows:
Authoritative style- In this style, the conception of top-down is precede by managers
and executives to provide guidance from team members when needed. The managers and
executives have independent decisions that do not involve or allow any input from their
followers. In such a style, clear and specific guidelines are developed that must be followed by
everyone and they tend not to ask for feedback from their followers (McCaffery, P., 2018). This
style is suitable when efficiency is required and in critical situations in which it is essential for
quick decisions.
Benefits
 It involves less time for making critical decisions.
 The mistakes can be reduced while implementing plans.
 The use of authoritative leadership style results in creating consistent.
Drawbacks
 The use of this style reduces group synergy in team work and collaboration.
 This style leads to rise of employee turnover rate and diminishes employees creativity
and innovation.
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Democratic style- This is also known as participative style where decision making
process is taken in use by managers and leaders which mainly relies on workers input. The
effective communication is involved with the wide perspective through all stages of company.
For reaching to ultimate goals the democratic leader and manager puts high emphasises on
employees and works together with followers (Messenger, H. and Bloisi, W., 2020). This style is
effective while developing long long term decision. The essence is to involve the team members
in the decision-making process, which makes the team members feel engaged and motivated to
do their part.
Benefits
 The use of this style increases productivity level.
 It helps in encouraging and promoting creativity of employees.
 The strong team is created which increases employee motivation and job satisfaction.
Drawbacks
 It involves time consuming process in decision making.
 The poor decisions are made by unskilled employees
 the security issues arises by having transparency in information sharing.
Delegative style- This leadership style is also illustrious as laissez-faire leadership, which
focuses on delegating initiatives to team members. It can be a prospering plan of action if team
members are effective, take responsibility and prefer to work individually. The group has
complete freedom when the leader acts as a link between the group and external elements. Group
members are not offered guidance from the leaders and responsibility for making decisions rests
with the group members.
Benefits
 This style offers advantage to experienced employees of their competence and
experience.
 The innovation and reactivity is highly valued.
 The use of this leadership style helps in creating positive working environment.
Drawbacks
 This style does not defines properly command and responsibility.
 In adapting changes difficulty is created.
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P4 Examining the factors which influences the development of culture in organisations.
The workplace culture refers to the collection or collection of values, practices, and
expectations that guide and convey tasks and processes to team members. The collection of
characteristics or characteristics analyses what an organization is (Murphy, G., 2019). A positive
work culture implies positive characteristics that lead to an increase in employee performance.
On the other hand, it has been found that the dysfunctional organizational culture brings with it
several characteristics that hinder the success of the organization. The following are the various
factors that can influence the development of culture in the Hays organization:
 Top leadership principles- It has been established that all policies, rules and procedures
are implemented by management. The principles, philosophies and values of executives
and managers influence employees to work effectively and achieve their best result. For
example, when the head of an organization follows a simple leadership philosophy that
results in people being treated with respect and dignity. It helps employees adopt the
corporate culture, which also leads to better services for their customers.
 Nature of business- The business activity of a business organization implies an impact
on the behaviour of employees. For example: The services provided by the Hays
organization make a significant difference in terms of goods and services in customers'
lives. It has a direct impact on workplace culture, the way people think and feel about
work (Rawstrone, A., 2020).
 Recruitment and selection- The growth and development of an organization, as well as
its culture, depend on the types of people employed in the organization. The adaptability
and flexibility of the employees lead to the development of the organizational culture.
 Difference in background- There are several factors which affects the cultural
development in workplace as it is related to the concept of culture beliefs. In the
organisation the difference in culture background of employees effects growth and
development of organisation.
Reflective Statement
I realize that the terms leadership and management are very influential in organizations. I
began to understand various perspectives on leadership, management, and motivation. I
encountered various challenges and problems in the process of doing this assessment. Working
in a team is a great experience because it involves participation and interaction with all members.
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In order to conduct this assessment, I began to understand the important aspects of leadership
and management theory and methods. Various theories are mentioned, such as behavioral theory,
leadership contingency theory, management interpersonal relationship theory, scientific
management methods, and so on. These theories can be used by Hayes' leaders and managers in
different situations. I noticed that these do not apply to extraordinary situations. I started to
understand various leadership styles, such as authority or democracy. Both of these styles are
very useful and important so that leaders can act according to requirements. With the assist of
this evaluation, I realised that authoritative fashion of relates with energy and authority which
may be used to make brief and robust choices however at the identical hand, it avoids worker
engagement that could bring about the demotivation. Democratic fashion of management is
beneficial to enhance task pride of the personnel. Moreover, it improves the conversation and
personnel sense treasured through their employers. I observed that each pattern are powerful of
their very own ways. In order to enhance overall performance of personnel withinside the
company, motivation is the important thing to that (Holten, Hancock and Bøllingtoft, 2019). I
realised that there are varieties of rewards intrinsic and extrinsic. Both praise device are crucial
for the personnel and employers. It allows to construct accept as true with and outcomes
withinside the non-stop improvement. Each member in my group collaborated with every
different to finish this undertaking and challenge. As this evaluation is primarily based totally on
parts, the duties turned into disbursed in my group contributors in order that department of labor
may want to outcomes higher and progressed overall performance. Me and my group determined
that as in line with the abilities of the contributors, the challenge could be divided accordingly.
With the assist of such idea, each duty are carried out withinside the maximum suitable manner
so as to be proven withinside the result. Overall, it turned into an awesome revel in to proportion
my critiques with others that how may want to we whole such projects. It additionally helped me
to enhance my conversation with a purpose to placed my thoughts in the front of the table. Be
dividing duties as in line with the abilities of contributors could outcomes in progressed
productiveness and outcome.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that leaders and managers both have an
important role in organisation. Management needs to be concerned with all of these activities
undertaken by employees to achieve common goals and leadership associated with an art of
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inspiring others to work toward that goal. Numerous theories and styles of leadership and
management were mentioned in the report. When leaders and managers are skilled enough to
lead others, an organizational culture can also be developed. In addition, the leader takes into
account the factors that affect the effectiveness of the organization.
PART 2
INTRODUCTION
In the organisation the motivation is an effective tool which determines individuals initiate.
The concept of motivation defines the wants and needs which directs behaviour towards the
goals. The motivation is being divided into drives and motives which comprises the social forces
of emotional, biological in specific behaviour. It is the driving force behind individual actions.
The motivation is of two types intrinsic which arises from internal factors that is generated by
sense of personal satisfaction (Shum, C and et.al., 2018). It is driven by interest and enjoyment in
task which comes from individual. The Extrinsic motivation arises from external factors that are
performed in order to receive something from others. The presentation is based on the motivation
and their strategies that help in achieving the business goals. In addition, appropriate leadership
and management approaches have been applied to a range of organizational situations.
TASK 3
P5. Producing a motivational strategy for organisation to achieve organisational objectives.
There are various strategies a leader or manager can use to motivate their followers to
improve their company's effectiveness. In the case of Hays Company, motivational strategies
were mentioned below: Reward system: Employees can be easily motivated when given an adequate amount of
incentives. Managers can use different types of reward systems or incentives to motivate
employees and increase productivity. It can come in a number of ways such as bonuses,
travel perks, paid time off, or coupons. Trust: This is one of the great things about the company and it's a one-way street.
Employees want to know that their employers are looking for their best interests that will
lead them to success (Yang, K.J and et.al., 2020). Leaders also want to know that they
can trust their followers to do the job effectively. It is the job of the line employer to
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ensure that trust is built up in his employees and that he can provide effective information
and establish positive relationships with everyone.
 Career Advancement: Employees are more willing to do work when they sense that the
organization is enabling professional development through which they can grow and
develop. As a leader or manager, you can maintain these motivational strategies by
making sure that there are opportunities and ways for team members to develop them in
their roles. They can also enable in-service training or further qualification.
TASK 4
P6. Application of appropriate leadership and management theories to a range of
workplace circumstances.
Situation1: Low productivity of employees
It is a big issue in the company when the employees in the company are discouraged and
demotivated. This can lead to lower productivity in the organization. Managers and leaders need
to use the right approaches to dealing with such issues so that employees feel recognized and
motivated to do their job.
Application of theory:
For the situation of low employee productivity in the company, an executive can apply
transaction theory for their leadership, which regards rewards and punishments as the basis for
the actions of executives. This is one of the popular leadership theories where executives can
reward those employees who work hard and do better for the Hays Company (Zhu, C. and
Zhang, F., 2020). They can be rewarded as a raise, promotion, etc. While punishing those who
are unlikely to do their given job. Employees can be punished in a kind of action.
Situation2: Lack of clarity in work
This is another problem that affects job improvement. It is very important that leaders
and managers set out a clear vision, mission, goals, and ways to achieve such goals in a clear
manner so that employees know how to work and behave in order to achieve those goals within
the company.
Application of administrative management theory:
This management theory emphasizes the identification of rational methods of designing a
workplace as a whole. The main focus of this theory is on the formalized administrative
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structure, a clear division of labour, delegation of authority and power and much more. It
contains 14 principles to instruct managers how to deal with the situation and improve the
productivity of the organization. By using such an approach, an employer can coordinate the
company's internal activities. In addition, the manager will be able to predict the situation and
improve efficiency in the Hays Company.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that leaders plays a very important role in
the growth and development of the company in the market. An effective leader effectively
influence and motivate the employees of the company in a very effective manner due to which
all the set target of the company has been achieved. It has been concluded that the theories of
leadership like behavioural theory of leadership or contingency theory of leadership plays a very
important role in the different activities of a business. Along with this different theories of
management has been concluded with their benefits and disadvantages. This report also
concluded the different leadership and management styles with their applications. These help
the business to face all the situations in a very effective manner. Afterwords a motivational
theory has been established in respect to the Hays Company in which different elements like
reward system, career advancement and many more has been included. With the helps of this
strategy the chosen company is going to influence and motivate their employees in a very
effective manner. In the end appropriate approaches related to management and leadership has
been concluded which help in improving the performance of the chosen company in a very
effective manner.
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References:
Books and Journals
Hooper, A. and Potter, J., 2019. The business of leadership: Adding lasting value to your
organization. Routledge.
Murphy, G., 2019. A systematic review and thematic synthesis of research on school leadership
in the Republic of Ireland: 2008–2018. Journal of Educational Administration.
Karami, S., Ghahremani, M., Parra-Martinez, F.A. and Gentry, M., 2020. A polyhedron model of
wisdom: A systematic review of the wisdom studies in psychology, management and
leadership, and education. Roeper Review, 42(4), pp.241-257.
Howieson, W.B., 2019. Leadership: The Current State of Play. Emerald Group Publishing.
Zhu, C. and Zhang, F., 2020. How does servant leadership fuel employee innovative behavior? A
moderated mediation framework. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 58(3),
pp.356-377.
McCaffery, P., 2018. The higher education manager’s handbook: Effective leadership and
management in universities and colleges. Routledge.
Messenger, H. and Bloisi, W., 2020. Experience, skill and competence: boundary spanning
capabilities for leadership and management of transnational education. In Leadership
Strategies for Promoting Social Responsibility in Higher Education. Emerald Publishing
Limited.
Rawstrone, A., 2020. leadership: progression–monitoring staff: In progress. Nursery World
Select, 2020(9), pp.34-35.
Shum, C., Gatling, A. and Shoemaker, S., 2018. A model of hospitality leadership competency
for frontline and director-level managers: Which competencies matter
more?. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 74, pp.57-66.
Yang, K.J., Chen, S.H. and Yang, C.C., 2020. Establishment and applications of quality
management system for service industries. International Journal of Financial,
Accounting, and Management, 1(4), pp.199-207.
Hammad, W. and Hallinger, P., 2017. A systematic review of conceptual models and methods
used in research on educational leadership and management in Arab societies. School
Leadership & Management, 37(5), pp.434-456.
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