Leadership, Management, and Operations in Tesco and Amazon

This report delves into the contrasting roles of leaders and managers, using Tesco PLC as a case study to illustrate their functions and characteristics. It defines key terms like 'leader' and 'manager,' and provides a detailed comparison of their responsibilities within the organization. The report further explores the application of leadership models, such as situational theory, within Tesco. Additionally, it examines the functions of managers, including planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling, and their impact on achieving organizational goals. The report also extends its analysis to Amazon, examining key approaches to operations management and their significance in achieving business objectives, along with environmental factors affecting the company. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and emphasizes the importance of effective leadership and management for organizational success. The report is a comprehensive analysis of leadership, management, and operations, providing valuable insights into the practices of two major companies.

Management and operations
Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
a) Definitions of leader and manager..........................................................................................1
b) Comparison of Roles and characteristics of leaders and managers in Tesco Plc...................2
c & d) Explain the role of leaders and functions of managers with example in the organisation
.....................................................................................................................................................3
e) Applications of leadership model that are applied in the organisation by manager...............5
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................7
a) Key approaches to operations management............................................................................8
b) Role of leaders and managers with operations management..................................................8
c) Importance and values of operation management for attaining goals and objectives.............9
d) Environmental factors that impacts upon Amazon...............................................................10
..................................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operations management concerned with entire production system in which includes
process that converts inputs into outputs. It can be defined as the management for designing and
controlling of productions process as well as redesign of business operations for effective goods
and services. Management and operation helps in achieving future growth of an organisation. It
is must be required to recruit suitable person who works for the company and attain their goals
and objectives. In this procedures included monitoring, controlling, evaluating and examining of
employees for increasing work productivity (Ale, 2010). This report is preparing for defining
roles of managers and leaders in the organisation for improving production efficiency. This
assignment is based on Tesco plc which is multinational grocery retailer company and its
headquartered in England, UK. It will explain functions of manager in the organisation that helps
in developing the business. On the other side, this case study is based on Amazon company that
leads in e-commerce industry. This report will Explain Key approaches to the operation
management. It also defines importance and values of operation management for obtaining
Amazon business objectives.
TASK 1
a) Definitions of leader and manager
Leaders:- they are the people who have ability to influence individuals behaviours and
get work done from the employees by considering the goals and objectives of an organisation.
Leaders play vital role in motivating person for performing effective tasks or job as they use
various leadership styles and communications skills that enhance employees knowledge and
abilities and motivate them to achieve their visions and missions. They support to every
individuals and make them effective as well as efficient so that they can achieve organisational
objectives. It is the main responsibility of leaders to influence individuals behaviour for getting
work done in effective manner. Their major aim is to inspire the employees and support them for
better performance which will help in increasing work productivity as well as efficiency within
an organisation (Baboli, 2014).
Manager:- They are an individual who plays important role in designing and managing
entire work and team of an organisation. As they provide proper directions and guidelines to

employees towards goals and helps in achieving pre-determined objectives or targets of the
company. There are several roles and responsibilities that performed by the managers in order to
attain set goals. Therefore, they establish as well as develop effective strategies and policies for
better working environment and they manage entire staff or employees for performing
effectively of all task according to planning and accomplish of the objectives with successfully.
Managers are key person of any organisation so that they are distributed at various level of
department in order to manage whole task with appropriate manner. They focus on managing
people and their performance level with in the firm. They concern on improvement of
employee's work through appraisal of their performance and they implement these task at regular
time intervals.
Leaders and managers are the most important person of every industry because they
focus on developing the business through better improvement of performance and increasing the
work productivity. Tesco company also consider their roles and functions for improving their
products and services and achieve pre-determined goals and objectives.
b) Comparison of Roles and characteristics of leaders and managers in Tesco Plc
Managers and leaders play vital role in achieving organisation success and future growth.
They are considered as interchangeable, but they perform various roles and functions which are
different in order to attain goals and objectives as well as get work done from employees in the
organisation (Branch, 2012).
Managers perform their task in setting the missions and visions of the company and on
the other side, leaders communicate those visions to the workers. They also inspire to employees
so that missions and goals can be achieved in appropriate manner.
There are some major differences which helps in understanding about their different roles and
characteristics that support in achieving best outcomes of Tesco plc and its competitive
advantages such as:
Managers Leaders
They play important role in setting company's
visions, missions, goals and objectives that must
be achieved in set time period for Tesco plc.
They perform their task in persuading all
those targets which has set or developed by
the managers within the organisation.
Managers generally make various kinds of After getting instructions as well as

policies and procedures for the company and then
communicate to the leaders.
information from managers, leaders
communicate to the employees and they
influence as well as inspire them for
effective working as per the Tesco
company's policies and procedures or
methods.
They provide proper guidelines and directions to
the group of people or leaders regarding
company's targets and goals that must be obtained
by them.
Leaders also perform their task by providing
best directions and path to the team
members towards set goals and objectives of
an organisation.
Managers always tries to create new ideas and
innovations in the Tesco company for their
betterment and improvement of products or
services.
They implement those ideas and planning
for the purpose of product's improvement.
Leaders focus on implementing the new
innovative ideas into reality.
They are task oriented as they focus only work
completions in effective or efficient ways.
Leaders are people oriented as they focus
on employees satisfaction and their
performance improvement for development.
Their main task with in firm is to plan for
business development and gain more outcomes as
well as generate profits from employees
performance.
They only inspire and influence human
behaviours for achieving targets and
objectives.
Managers direct or assign the tasks to the
employees
Leaders motivate top workers for better
performance and increasing on work
productivity.
c & d) Explain the role of leaders and functions of managers with example in the organisation
I. Role of a leaders:
Leaders play vital role within an organisation as their main functions are various which helps in
managing entire team work force. As they motivate to the individuals and inspire them for

achieving set goals or targets. There are major roles and responsibilities that they performed in
the Tesco company for improving their performance and get best results.
1. Representative of an organisation: They are responsible for represent the enterprise
in various place such as seminar, conferences, meetings and many more. Leaders also
represent their own department in which he leads. His main role is to communicate
regarding rationales of firm and team to the other persons.
2. Integrate personal goals to the company's goals: Leaders adopts various leadership
styles or traits which helps in integrating the personal goals of the people with
organisational goals. His major task to coordinate employee's efforts towards
company's objectives so that they can achieve better outcomes or positive results.
3. Philosopher, friend and guide: Leaders play different roles and characters with their
employees as they can become a friend for sharing their ideas, opinion, desires,
feelings. Philosopher also helps in providing proper guidelines and direction by using
his intelligence or experience so he can be like that.
II. Functions of managers:
Managers perform various major task or their role in setting of organisation's goals and
objectives for the purpose of business development. They make plans and policies of an
organisation and communicate to the employees so that proper relations can be maintained. In
Tesco plc, managers always try to bring new ideas and innovation with their products and
services for attracting more customers towards organisation. Managers also ensure about their
quality of products by regular inspections of productions system and try to manage as well as
control on manufacturing process for effective goods and services (Burke, 2013). There are
various functions of managers that the performed in the Tesco company for creating healthy
environment and maintain relations among employees for better productivity. These are as
follows:
1. planning: It is a major function of manager where they plan for the benefit of an
organisation. In Tesco plc, manager plans for setting company's goals which is
helpful in increasing the revenue and sales volume of particular products and
services. They made strategies in Tesco plc for achieving competitive advantages
including KAIZEN that contributes in generating more profits and continuous
improvement of productions process for developing the efficiency. So, manager

decide that what step is must be required for accomplishing particular goals and
objectives. They make decisions for advertising, increasing inventory and sales staff.
So these all are developed in planning process.
2. Organising: After completion of planning process, manager requires to organise an
effective team for the purpose of achieving predetermined goals and objectives of the
company. Manager of Tesco plc focus on managing people in the organisation so that
they can achieve their set targets. They also play their major role in utilising resources
as well as divide materials among various activities for generating higher revenues.
There are some important elements such as assigning work and granting authority
among employees (Chen, 2011).
3. Staffing: Managers are responsible for managing people within the firm as they
follows various process such as recruiting, selecting, training and developing of each
individual for better work performance. Their main aim is to manage the human
resources department and utilise proper man power for accomplishing set goals and
targets.
4. Leading: In this, manager leads to their team or staff members by providing
directions towards goals. They play several roles and perform functions in Tesco
company such as motivating, communicating, guiding and encouraging to the people
so that they will perform in appropriate manner and focus on achieving pre-
determined targets.
5. Controlling: It is the important and difficult task that manager performs. He must be
check entire process or operations regarding goals and make decisions as well as take
corrective actions so that he can ensure about plans. In Tesco company, manager
perform his duty by regular inspection of production process and control on wastage
as well as effective utilisation of available resources.
e) Applications of leadership model that are applied in the organisation by manager
Leadership models and theories are very supportive for making healthy working
environment as it helps in managing workforce in effective manner and provide proper
guidelines to the for achieving goals and objectives. Leaders are the key person that leads entire
team members or workforce. They influence as well as inspire individual behaviours in attaining
set targets or objectives. They focus on managing people so that productivity can be increased as

they influence them for performing entire task in sufficient manner towards Tesco plc goals. For
generating best outcomes, leaders have to maintain relations as well as build harmony system.
Leaders of Tesco organisation focus on increasing productivity and efficiency through adoptions
of various kinds of leadership styles and theories. These are as followings:
Situational theory: It was developed by the Ken Blanchard and Paul Heresy. It is
flexible in nature and this theory adopt by various company for existing working environment as
well as according to needs of organisation. Leaders also adopts these styles in any situations so
that he can deal with many circumstances (Cruz, 2011). Effective leaders consider the ability or
quality of handling any kinds of situations as well as he adopt several styles and look at different
tasks, some major factors and nature of the group which helps in increasing productivity and
effective work completions. It also enable as the theory of life cycle. Leader are required many
of skills and knowledge which must be necessary for handling any issues or problem in the work
place. So it is concern with several styles of leadership that leaders must be perform for
surviving from these situations and support to the employees for adopting various changes
towards Tesco plc development. In this theory included some major aspects such as managerial
and supportive behaviour. It can be understand by defining those components as managerial
behavioural consider various leadership styles when performing any task and job as they focus
on different activities and needs. On the other side, supportive behavioural is concern with
people so they focus on employees and their performance development as well as motivate them
for effective task or performance.
System theory: This theory is based on various system and policies of an organisation
because it helps in dealing with different kinds of situations. It is concern with management
principles and disciplines which is must be required for the manager or leaders to ensure about
Tesco company's entire systems as well as make sure about all business operations so that
decisions can be make effectively and efficiently. It is essential of the company because it
support in maintaining relationship and building harmony system among employees and with in
the organisation. Leaders provide proper information or communicate to the people regarding
any system changes so better relations can be made. It is helpful in resolving any kinds of issues
or problem by providing ultimate solutions as well as taking favourable decisions. Tesco plc can
use these leadership styles for managing ethical working environment from effective and
efficient rules, regulation and norms within the firm.

Task 2

a) Key approaches to operations management
Operation management is concerned with manufacturing or productions department where
goods and services are produced for final consumption. So Amazon Inc. also consider its
production management for the purpose of effective goods and services. In this includes proper
planning, controlling for converting inputs such as raw material, labour and money into output
as finished products. In this involved two terms as supply chain and logistic management so that
Amazon can lead the organisation in appropriate manner and handle its operations at global
level. Lean manufacturing: In this approach, Amazon company's manager can manage or
control of the entire production system. It helps in reducing wastages as much as
possible for effective goods and services so manager apply these approach for utilising
available resources and produce good quality of product. Amazon Inc. must be focus
on removing waste material for improving productivity. Six sigma: It is important aspects among key approaches because this is helpful in total
quality control in Amazon. They should focus on their products and services quality
rather than expanding business so it is must be required for improving their
performance level. This theory or approach is helpful in generating profits and
decreasing work cost. There are various tools and techniques that can be use in this
theory such as trending chart, potential defect calculation, ratios and many more.
 Total quality management: This theory and approach is focusing on improvement of
performance, quality of goods and services and other qualities which helps in better
customers satisfaction (Expósit, 2016). It is very useful in overall quality management
and control of products and services. Total quality management is applicable in various
department of Amazon which included customers and employees.
b) Role of leaders and managers with operations management
Role of manager:
 Manager should manage or utilise all available resources which is related to
productions or personnel.
 They generally perform their main task in the Amazon company by setting company's
goals and objectives. Managers also establish various policies and procedures for

several department in the organisation
 they also prepare Amazon's budgets and control on costs so that company can easily
prepare financial statements.
Role of leadership
 leaders of Amazon company focus on providing training and development programs to
the staff members so that can accept any changes within the organisation.
 They also manage entire team work force through dividing responsibilities or assigning
task among employees so that time can be save and conflicts can be remove.
 Leaders provides better guidelines to the staff members so that they can work
effectively and contribute in achieving set targets or objectives.
 They support in building morale among employees and support them for achieving
competitive advantages (Fayol, 2016).
c) Importance and values of operation management for attaining goals and objectives
Operation management is key components of Amazon Inc because it support in managing entire
process of business activities in appropriate manner. They should consider all these factors for
managing entire task and workforce for achieving set targets and objectives. Amazon can adopt
various strategies and change to manage the productions and e-commerce business in better
way. They can produce better quality of products and can be deliver on time so that customers
feel better satisfaction and better motivated towards purchasing of goods and services. Here are
some importance and values such as:
 Better customers satisfaction: It is must be required for every firm to satisfy the
customers and attract them for doing online shopping from Amazon. Company produce
effective goods and services for satisfy its customers because they wants more and
something unique which is different from another so it is the responsibility of the
company to meet the consumers desired expectations in appropriate time and manner.
Company can build better relations among customers by providing better quality of
services and products. It will support in make them loyal for long time.
 Building good brand image: Operation management is helpful in building good brand
image among competitors because it support in providing better services like on time
delivery of good and services, approach or reach at potential customers for satisfying
their needs and wants etc. Amazon should focus on its brand image rather than business

expansion so that it will create more customers.
 Increased profits: Amazon company can increase its profits by generating more
revenues through selling of goods and services in the market. They should give better
services and good quality of products so that number of customers can be attracted
towards organisation. They can increase sales by providing attractive and seasonal offers
to the customers.
 Attracts new customers: Amazon company can create more customers by providing
effective goods and services. There are various competitors who adopted several types
of strategies for attracting more individual or clients towards organisation. Amazon's
manager should adopt best strategies for selling their products and services in the market
by offers, schemes, free shipping and discounts on festival or seasonal etc.
d) Environmental factors that impacts upon Amazon
I. Operational Management
The Business environment consists of various approches that have to be controlled by
the organization to manage the internal operations and for their success. The company leader
plays a important role in adopting changes in the environment to act in a effective and efficient
manner. Various systems are introduced in the Amazon company to execute the operations
properly so that targets can be achieved in the given time frame. Factors may include: Technological changes- This is the time of technology advancement hence amazon
have to consider these changes as per the need (Handschin, 2012). Innovation- In this new ideas and thoughts are accepted which are beneficial for the
company and helps them to achieve the set targets and gains. Cost factor- This is the major aspect that need to be taken into consideration. It aims to
minimize the company cost and helps them to gain huge profits. Scarcity of Resources- This factor is included in the operational managemnt of the
company as it focuses upon capital, materials etc available with the company.
 Competition- This is the world of cut throat competition. Hence, company have to be
preapred to face various challenges.
II. Decison Making by leaders and managers
Managers and leaders of the organisation are considered important pillars as they are the