Report on Leadership, Management, and Operations at Tesco (BUS123)

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership, management, and operations at Tesco. It begins by defining the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, emphasizing their importance in achieving business objectives. The report then delves into the practical application of these roles and functions in various situations, supported by examples. It explores different leadership theories, including system, contingency, and situational leadership, and their relevance to Tesco's operational environment. Key approaches to operations management, such as lean production and Six Sigma, are defined and their significance in achieving efficiency and reducing waste are discussed. The report also highlights the importance of operations management in achieving business objectives, and examines how external factors within the business environment impact operational management and decision-making by leaders and managers at Tesco. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and providing recommendations for enhancing leadership and management practices within the organization.

Management and
operation

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Roles and characteristics of leader and manager....................................................................1
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................3
P2: Define the role of leaders and functions of managers applied in different situations with
example........................................................................................................................................3
P3. Explain various theories and models of approach which also include system leadership,
contingency leadership and situational leadership......................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P4: Define the role of leaders and managers with key approaches to operations management;. 6
P5: Define the values and importance of operations management in the achievement of
business objectives;.....................................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6 Explain how factors of business environment impact upon operational management and
decision making by leaders and managers...................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is defined as the administrative function or area of management
which, helps in designing, re-designing and controlling the production process of goods and
services. Operations management manages the entire process of converting the inputs such as-
raw material, labour and energy into outputs in the form of goods and services (Introduction to
Operations Management, 2020).
Tesco plc, is a British multinational general merchandise and grocery retailer, started by
Jack Cohen in 1919. The headquarter of the company is located in Welwyn Garden City of
United Kingdom. Tesco is a leading retailer with serving capacity of millions of customers in
every week.
In this report roles and characteristics of Tesco leaders and managers, role of leaders and
functions of managers applied in different situations are introduced. Different leadership styles,
key approaches of operations management, importance & values of operations management in
the achievement of business objectives, External factors that affects the decision-making of
managers & leaders of Tesco are also explained in this report.
TASK 1
P1 Roles and characteristics of leader and manager
A leader is a person who guide, motivate, encourage and energise a team, group, or
organisation. Leader is responsible for all the tasks related to the effective and efficient operation
of the production. Following are the characteristics of a leader;
 Trustworthy:- Trustworthiness is a important characteristic of a leader. A leader should
develop the trust among his / her employees in the vision as well as in character. If the
employees don't trust the leader or vision they, don't use possible potential for the
achievement of the objectives of the organisation.
 Creative:- Creativity is another important characteristic of a effective leader. A leader
should have specific skills and knowledge and should able to create new opportunities for
the growth of the organisation and seek opportunities for the achievement of the
organisational objectives in a dynamic environment.
The role of a leader in the achievement of business objectives are described as follows;
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 Developing the strength of employees and improving weaknesses:- A leader plays the
vital role in the achievement of business objectives through identifying which employee
is master in which task, and assign the task accordingly will increase the strengths and
improving the weaknesses of employees.
 Communicating and guiding the team members:- It is the role of a leader to
communicate the plans and visions to their team members and help them in completing
the tasks and duties by guiding & encouraging them for better performances, which help
in achievement of business goals.
A manager is the one who administrate the organisation , he has the power to hire , fire and
can promote the employees, a good manager should have some characteristic as;
 Critical thinking: A manger should possess a creative thinking skills with the help of this
skill the manager of TESCO deal with the dynamic situation of the business environment,
the manger reviews the priority level in larger organisation.
 Leadership: A leadership is the skill of leading group of people which help the leader of
TESCO to show the clear objective of the organisation and monitor their performance
level every day, as an effective leader work daily to develop his team members
The roles which a manager perform have an importance place in the organisation there are
certain roles performed by managers of TESCO to maintain its position in market
 Planning: Planning is the first role of any manager in the organisation, the managers of
TESCO uses this role to plan for future they plan their objectives in order to reach the
companies goal, there is a system decision has been taken to complete the target and to
evade difficult issues and to beat the competition.
 Controlling: Controlling is the process of regulating and ongoing activities of the
organisation with the help of this process the manger of TESCO ensures that they are in
conformity with established plans and produce the desired result . The manager of
TESCO always ensure that they establish standards of performance, maintain the quality
of their product to be in the leading position.
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TASK2
P2: Define the role of leaders and functions of managers applied in different situations with
example.
The role and functions of leaders and managers plays important role in the successful
operation of business. In terms of TESCO the role of leaders and functions of managers can be
introduced in following points;
1.Making strategies:-
The leaders makes the strategies for the organisation with their specific skills and
knowledge.
2.Motivating employees:-
Leaders plays important role in the better performance of employees by motivating and
helping them in achievement of goals.
3.Effective management of time:-
The leaders ensures the effective time management in the process. Motivating employees
will eliminating the time, wasting on complaints.
4.Influencer:-
A leader plays the role of influencer by encouraging and energising the employees for
effective production.
5.Creating opportunities:-
Leaders plays the important role in generating opportunities, and seeking opportunities
from the market.
6.Change management:-
Leaders are the persons who deals with the change comes in the environment such as-
legal, cultural, human resource change etc.
The managers of TESCO performs important functions in the achievement of ultimate
goals of the company. These functions are introduced as follows;
1.Planning:-
The main function of manager is to determine how to achieve a particular objective. For
example if sales maximisation is the main objective, then the managers should ensure which
step is needed to focus between advertising, sales staff, inventory etc.
2.Organising:-
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If the problem is determined the next function of manager is to organise his staff and
resources as per the achievement of objective. The tasks are assigned as per the skills and
requirement.
3.Staffing of human resource:-
Another important function of manager is to staffing by recruiting & selecting
employees and then giving training & developing employees.
4.Directing:-
The another important function of managers after staffing is to leading or directing the
employees by communicating, motivating, guiding them for the achievement of the specific
objective.
5.Controlling:-
The last function of manager is controlling. This can be done by measuring the
performance of the employees with the use of various performance appraisal techniques.
For example; if government announces the strict use of new technology in their policy as
per the mission of making country technology advanced. In this case the managers of the TESCO
should make strategic plans and then communicate them with their team & the leaders of the
company should identifies the employees, already aware about the technology or employees for
whom the technology is really new and then select the aware employees, give them proper
training for the establishment of new and advanced technology in their business.
If TESCO wants to produce a new product as per the requirement of the customer
without compromising the quality of the product. In this situation the mangers of the company
should use the total quality approach for reducing the waste and maintaining the efficiency & the
leaders of the company should encourage their employees for effective production with full
potential.
P3. Explain various theories and models of approach which also include system leadership,
contingency leadership and situational leadership
Theories of leadership explain the school of thoughts about how and why individuals
become leader, on which traits and behaviour should a leader focus. There are various theories of
Leadership Great Man Theory, Trait theory, Contingency theory, Situational theory, Behavioral
theory and System theory.
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Models of leadership provide insight and fresh perspective on leadership, advocates a
strengths based approach to leadership which help a leader to grow, leadership model provides
clarity about on what a leader need to focus.
Contingency leadership is a theory of leadership which emphasis different variable in a
specific setting , this theory says that no one leadership style is applicable to all situations. The
advantage of these theory is that it is dynamic, so the mangers of TESCO change the policies
according to the situation.The leaders of TESCO company believes the leadership which finds
perfect behaviour balance between behaviours, need and context is the best form of leadership,at
the same they this form of to be complex and inadequate where it becomes difficult for manager
to handle the situation.
Situational leadership believes like contingency theory that no one leadership style
supersedes others. This theory says that leadership depends upon situations, the leaders of
TESCO should apply this theory according to situation. Considering the benefits of organisation
this theory could be applied, it is a flexible approach of leadership which encourages
collaboration among the team members. The main advantage which TESCO leader use from this
is that it is easy to use, understand and adaptible on the other it gets difficult for managers
sometimes to handle and shift attention from long term goals.
System leadership is used collaborate different network of people in different places and
at a different level, its a difficult form of leadership but managers of TESCO believe to establish
an organisation system leadership is required. The system of leadership has various dimensions
about strong personal value, way of perceiving , about intellectual analysis. The advantage of
this leadership is to improve employees morale which increases loyalty. The leaders of TESCO
says its a cost saving , if you don't need office space for every employee also provide potential
for security lapses but there are some disadvantages also which TESCO face that its requires a
lot of effort an training to lead the group whereas on the other hand it becomes a time consuming
process. To connect people who are at distance places it required a continuous communication
system which sometimes leads to face communication barrier also, because of which this
leadership also has various disadvantages , which leads to re-think before adapting it.
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TASK 3
P4: Define the role of leaders and managers with key approaches to operations management;
Operations management theory is the set of principles, used to increase the efficiency in
the production of a company (Reid and Sanders, 2019). There are 3 approaches, used commonly;
1.Lean production:-
Lean production is used to achieve the goal of highest outcomes without compromising
on quality. It is not necessarily a effective approach for every business but, best suited for large
scale manufacturing companies (Machado and et. al., 2017). In terms of Tesco, the leaders
perform their roles and responsibilities very well with the reducing unwanted waste, which
results in good relationship between company and customers, suppliers and company. If there is
a situation related to supply of manufactured items arise, then the managers of the company will
overcome the problem with the help of lean production approach by identifying the unnecessary
use of transport sources and then reduce the unwanted waste on transportation would be result in
optimum use of transport assets. With the use of lean production the company Tesco reduces 7
wastage such as- defects, waiting, extra motion, over production, unnecessary transportation,
excess inventory, extra processing. These are also called muda.
2.Six sigma:-
Six sigma is a systematic technique, used to reduce the activities that not adding any
value to the production process. It identifies and highlights the waste removal steps so it makes
easy to taking value added steps only (Lee, 2018) . In terms of leaders of Tesco performs their
roles and responsibilities well with the use of six sigma approach, which results in low inventory
cost, optimum use of resources and man power in the company. If there is a problem arise in the
distribution of the products from company to customer via retailers, who sells products as per
their prices and taking margins from own choice in this case the managers of Tesco can choose
to use their own transport facilities to ship the products directly to the customers so that they can
enjoy more profits and establish better relationships with their customers.
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(Source: Information System Strategy for Total Quality Management (TQM), 2020)
3.Total quality management (TQM):-
Total quality management is a tool, used to improve quality as well as performance to
meet the expectations of customers. This approach is based on the idea that all the employees
improve their performances continuously for the fulfilment of customers needs. The managers
and leaders of Tesco uses total quality management technique to meet the expectations of
customers. If customer wants a unique and creative product then the managers of Tesco will
focus on the development of the creative and unique product and the leaders of the company will
motivates their employees to use their full potential for the development of the product to satisfy
customers.
Therefore, it is observed that TQM is the best approach for operation management for the
company Tesco.
P5: Define the values and importance of operations management in the achievement of business
objectives;
Operations management is the administrative function of management which helps in
designing and controlling and re-designing the production process of goods and services (Reid
and Sanders, 2019). The importance of operations management in the achievements of objectives
of business are introduced as follows;
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Illustration 1: Information System Strategy for Total
Quality Management (TQM)

(Source: Operations Management, 2020)
1.Quality management:-
The operations management plays a vital role in the management of better quality. The
operation managers ensures the reliability and durability of goods and services by keeping
quality in mind. The operation managers should supervise all the tasks and determine everything
in order and to ensure that everyone is aware about the product and services. Quality is a major
factor for the sustainability of a product in the market. Thus, operations management plays
important role in the success of the business.
2.satisfying customers:-
Customer is the king of the market and without satisfying the needs and wants of
customer a business can't run. Operations management set a quality management process to
create a product or service according to the requirement of the customers to attract and retain
customers for the long time. Thus, customer satisfaction is the key for the success of any
business and production management performs an important role in the the satisfaction of
customers by making the product as per the order of the customer.
3.Increases revenues:-
Operations management also plays a crucial role in generating and increasing revenues of
the organisation. Operations management ensures the better quality of products and services to
meet the expectations of the customers this leads to customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction
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Illustration 2: Operations Management

will ultimately results in increasing revenues(Al Shobaki and et. al., 2018). Thus, operations
management is important for increasing the revenues of the company.
4.Reducing of wastage:-
This is another importance of operations management in the achievement of business
objectives. The operation managers uses the lean manufacturing techniques to reduce the waste
effectively. Reducing the wastage in the operation will saves the money. Operation mangers uses
the Advanced planning and scheduling software to optimize the allocation of raw materials and
production capacity. Optimum utilisation of resources saves the unnecessary cost of the company
which helps in minimising the waste and increasing the revenues of the company.
5.Motivating employees:-
Operation managers ensures that every employee aware about the roles and
responsibilities within the organisation. This is important to make employees feel that they are
the part of the organisation and their existence matters for the organisation. So that they can't left
the organisation and feel themselves a part of the organisation this leads to better performance of
the employees. Thus, operations management also plays important role in motivating employees
which added the value in the achievement of ultimate goal of the organisation.
Therefore, it is founded that the operations management plays vital role in the
achievement of the objectives of business such as- better quality, employee motivation, increase
revenues, optimum utilisation of resources and customer satisfaction.
TASK 4
P6 Explain how factors of business environment impact upon operational management and
decision making by leaders and managers
Business environment is an important aspect of any business, there are various factors
which constitute business environment such as suppliers, competitors, government, media,
customer etc. Business environment are dynamic and ever-changing. There are two factors of
business environment internal and external(Operations Management: Definition, Principles,
Activities, Trends, 2020).
Internal factors of a business is compose of various element present inside the
organisation, factors which influence internal environment of organisation are
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 Value system: This factor consist of all components that are part of regulatory framework
such as management practices , culture , climate and norms of organisation(Lee Chang and
et.al., 2017).
 Vision and mission: This factor describe the future objective of the company , mission
defines the companies motto where its wants to stand in future.
 Human Resource: Its the most valuable asset of the organisation , as manpower plays the
most vital role in the growth of organisation.
External factors determines opportunities for the firm and threat as well, the external
factor have both positive and negative impact as well. Various factors which compromises
external factor are
 Economic environment: It includes fiscal, monetary and financial policies of the
government as condition of boom or recession, the companies have to work with the
economic system that is socialist, capitalist,or mixed provides.
 Social & Political factor: Business should consider the implication of society before
taking any decision, they should check that their practices are not violating any social or
political elements. Business are also related to the government; public sector also plays a
vital role in India’s economic development.
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