A Detailed Report on Leadership and Management at Tesco plc

This report provides a detailed analysis of leadership and management practices within Tesco plc. It begins by defining and comparing the roles and characteristics of leaders and managers, highlighting their distinct functions and responsibilities. The report then explores the roles of leaders and managers in various situational contexts, such as change management, conflict management, and technological advancements. Furthermore, it delves into different approaches and theories of leadership, including situational leadership, contingency theory, and trait theory, discussing their respective strengths and weaknesses. The report uses Tesco as a case study to illustrate these concepts, providing real-world examples of how leadership and management principles are applied in a large multinational corporation. The analysis covers the practical aspects of operational management, including strategic decision-making, process management, and employee relations. It also considers the impact of leadership styles on organizational performance and employee motivation. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and implications of effective leadership and management within the context of Tesco's operations.

Management and operation

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
P1 Define and compare various role and characteristics of a leader and a manager...................3
characteristics of a leader and a manager....................................................................................5
M1 Difference between role of leader and manager through concept and theories....................5
P2 Role of a leader and manager in various situational context..................................................6
P3 Different approaches and theories of leadership....................................................................7
M2 Strengths and weakness of leadership theories.....................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operational management is consider as a field that can be misunderstood due to its nature
of multidisciplinary. Operational management focuses on several strategic issues such as
determining the methods of project management, size of the manufacturing plants .It also
involves various operational issues such as quality control, maintenance polices, material
handling and many more (Conrady, Diers and Williams, 2018). It focuses on the raw materials
and assures that there is wastage occurs within minimal level. Managers of the operational
management included in developing new process and coordinating. Operational management is
focuses on the organizing, planning as well as supervising within the context of manufacturing,
production. It is called as a delivery focused that assures that a firm successfully turns initial
product into the final product within an efficient manner. The inputs represents such as
equipment, material, technology to the human resources for example employees or staff workers.
Present report focuses on Tesco plc as it's headquarter is in England, United Kingdom. It is
known as the British multinational groceries. Also known as third largest retailer within world. It
focuses on various role and characteristics of a leader and a manager and role of a leader and
manager in various situational context (Pandya and Elazary, 2018) . Furthermore, it focused on
different approaches and theories of leadership of Tesco.
P1 Define and compare various role and characteristics of a leader and a manager
Leaders are the persons who influenced his followers to accomplish a certain goal within
deadline provided to them. They are responsible for creating vision of the firms and at the same
time motivate the managers and employees.( Correa-Florez, Gerossier and Kariniotakis,
2018). Leaders works as a representatives of the firm. They are the one who encourages the
team to complete the task on time and accomplish the deadlines.
Managers – they are the one who are responsible for the management activities such as
planning, coordination, control (Kopardekar, Rios and Robinson, 2016). They are the one who
hire and fire the employees, and they are closer to the employees and their work done by them
in several ways. There are various managers that are presented within a firm such as operational
manager, functional manager, project manager and general manager and many more.
Managers leaders
 Managers are the one who are  Leader are the vision creators and

followers as they follow the
instructions of the leaders.
 Managers build the strategies to
complete the task as the direction
provided to them.
think out of the box.
 They give direction to the managers
and the employees of the firm.
Functions of managers
Managers are responsible for all the happening occurs within the firm there are various
functions played by managers such as
planning - managers required to provides the blueprint as how the task can be done.
Organizing - Mangers needs to focus and schedule work accordingly as per the priority of task
deadlines (Kopardekar, Rios and Robinson, 2016).They use this process regarding the future
aspects as it assists in forecasting problems as well as decided the actions so that the conflicts
can be avoided
Responsible for developing various system such as monitor progress, developing various
policies.
staffing -It means allotting different tasks to the team members
directing - guide the employees within task to avoid the conflicts within various tasks and
coordination - bringing all the staff members together and feels and forms and builds an efficient
relationship (Kopardekar, Rios and Robinson, 2016)
Controlling- They are also responsible for the resource allocation and budget, everything must
be control such as Managers are not provided leave to all the members as it impacted the work
efficiency.
Role of leader
They are the person who provides direction and responsible for various developing strategies.
They always think out of the box and known as the innovators and ready to adopt the changes.
Leaders are the risk takers and gives the vision to the managers and employees regarding achieve
the goals and objectives of the firm.
Motivate people- They are consider as the best motivators as the recognises the rewards to the
staff members and also identifies the performances of their employees (Pandya and Elazary,

2018) . They give rewards such Monterrey and Non Monterrey rewards to the employees. Such
as discounted health check-up and vocation and many more.
characteristics of a leader and a manager
Characteristics of leaders
 Leaders are adept to handle the stress and also balance the professional personal life.
 They are known as the self discipline and self control in their actions (Kopardekar, Rios
and Robinson, 2016).
 They are curious, flexible as well as focusing the future by thinking the Tesco's
operational and management conditions.
Hard skills
These are the skills that can be considered as teachable as they can easy to learn and also taught
within classroom from books and materials regarding training programs (Sandhu, Naeem and
Waheed, 2018). These Hard skills are also directly linked to the work done through individuals
as they are considered as Job specific skills. They are also easier to learn, testable and
quantifiable.
Soft skills
These are the personal attributes that focuses on how to communicate with other people
and also crucial for success and the development of the career (LE, TAO and FANG, 2017).
Soft skills are more transferable between industries and job as they are considered as more
difficult as compare to the Hard skills. With the help of the soft skills it is very easy to make the
relationship with other persons.
A person work anywhere, do any type of but there is a need of the soft skills . As it is also
focused that soft skills are very difficult to develop.
M1 Difference between role of leader and manager through concept and theories
It is identified that there is difference between role of leader and function of manager.
However, there are some other ways as well through which they can be differentiated. so,
on basis of concept and theories difference is as:-
Management Leadership
It is about to develop plan and create agenda of
specific task in organisation.
It is related to providing direction or
establishing it to follow agenda.
The management defines job structure, assign Leadership is related to form teams,

roles and responsibilities, etc. communicate goals and direct people to
complete task (Minchala-Avila and Ferrer,
2016).
They are involved in solving issues by proving
solutions.
It is entirely related to inspiring and
encouraging people to attain goals and fulfil
their needs.
Management is all about doing things right. Leadership is about doing the right thing.
It is transactional It promotes transformation and implement
change.
There are many concepts applied in it such as
MBO, management style, etc. (Liu, Zhao and
Wang, 2018)
In this various theories and styles are followed
such as situational, system, etc.
P2 Role of a leader and manager in various situational context
Change management
It is a situation in which a change has to be implemented within business. so, it is
necessary for manager and leader to implement change successfully. In this they play a vital role
which is mentioned as below :
Managers are the one who are the closest to the staff members as managers can adopt the
new process that are vital for the tasks. The role of the mangers is to listen the employees,
supports them and prepared them so that they help the employees to adopt various changes that
is vital for the firm.
Leaders of the Tesco require to assist the workers while creating vision. Leader needs to focus
that it is a kind of conversation that can done on the regular basis doesn't matter what will be the
situation (Minchala-Avila and Ferrer, 2016) . Tesco's leaders must also stay connected to the
staff members as when the times change the leaders can explain vision to the staff members.
They are also accountable for all the operations as well as focuses on the gaps that can tale
suitable actions regarded to require to remove the failures of the firm.
Conflict management
this is a situation where conflict can arise between employees. so, a manager and leader
play crucial role in order to resolve conflict. their roles are defined as :

The leaders role must have crucial influences as how they are going to solve the various
issues occurred within workplace (Okamura and Koizumi, 2019). When it comes about the
conflict management, time is everything. It is considers as the best time to take the actions that
are needed for to take actions and thus considered as the hard choice that the employees' wrong
things can influence within performance.
Role of managers
Managers of the Tesco as compare to the leaders of tesco are closer to the staff members
as managers are more aware about what is going on between the staff members when the
conflict arises (Schulze, Nehler and Thollander, 2016). They are the one who listens to the
problems of the staff members and at the same time also becomes the mediator to recognizes
the problems of the workers and get the answers.
Technological change
this situation refers to bringing technological change in organization. thus leader and
manager role is determined as
Manager role is to develop plan and strategies on how technological change will be
implemented (Sandhu, Naeem and Waheed, 2018). Moreover, they are responsible for
assigning roles and responsibilities to employees that who will do what task and when.
the leader role is to guide and direct employees that how to implement plan and attain
goals. besides that, leader motivate them to implement change successfully. they communicate
goals to them in effective way.
P3 Different approaches and theories of leadership
Situational leadership
According to this leadership styles leaders can adjust their behavior and skills that can
capable of matches the levels of development. Leaders and managers of the situational
leadership are also provides the support to the staff members as they are always boost the
employees and at the same time support the employees within all levels. Such as organization
faces a lot of the failures due to the low motivation as well as performance of the employees
(Okamura and Koizumi, 2019). As per the Tesco leaders they take the actions that encourages
the staff members of the firm as makes the personal and public communication sessions, thus
they able to handle all the challenges that can be related to the workers.
Strength of situational leadership

It is known as the practical approach that is very easy to understand.
It is used for providing leaders to the employees.
Lay focused more on flexibility that rely on various situations that can react leaders as well as
make suitable actions.
Weaknesses
It is unable to take the long term goals for the organization.
Contingency theory
According to this theory there is no appropriate theory that can leads the firm in any situation. It
is vital for the managers to take the approach which is effective regarding the specified problem
(Mutha, and Alonzo, 2017).According to this theory there is no constant style that can take the
suitable decisions to target market as well as other statement approach can be used by the leader
within one condition as it is effectively fits within the any situation.
Strength
It focused on the flexibility of the organization.
It is also good for the workers of the organization.
Weaknesses
It is also very difficult to learn that all the skills are very vital regarding various approaches
Traits theory
According to this theory people are born with some especial qualities that helps them to focuses
more on their roles of the leadership as some actualities such as creativity, intelligence, sense of
responsibility and other values. It highlights physical as well as mental and social characteristics
to make the good understanding (Pandya and Elazary, 2018) . According to the different
scholars there are different perspectives that highlights on the attributes regarding physiological
for example appearances, weight, demographics ( family background, education, family,
knowledge and judgment)
Transactional leadership
These are the style that able to maintain the flow related to the operations. Tesco's leaders
focuses on the various operation to build the strong reputation and also makes the workers
more productive within marketplace (Okamura and Koizumi, 2019). This leadership is also
significant for the development regarding strategic development.
Transformational leadership

Within this leadership style leaders taps into the followers. Leaders also lay emphasis on the
specified outcomes as well as high order needs in new ways where results can be achieved. It
focuses on various styles such as team building, motivation ,collaboration with employees so that
change can be adopted regarding for change (Minchala-Avila and Ferrer, 2016). Tesco leaders
on this leadership styles focuses to achieve these goals and incentives that push the employees
within higher level so that it can gives opportunity to the personal and professional growth of the
employees.
Strength
this type of leadership is usually followed for united cause. here, leader motivate employee by
providing them long term vision.
by sharing common goals employee leader work with them in free way. so, this leads to reducing
employee turnover.
the change is effectively managers and implemented as this style focus on positive impact of
change.
Weaknesses
basically, this style is not followed as it involves high risk in creating change within organization
(Pandya and Elazary, 2018).
sometimes, if goals are not achieved then leader take strict action which results in creating a bad
impact on employees.
System leadership
According to the theory of the system leadership it increases the performance of the employees
and also increased the operational management. If Tesco is vital for the managers and employees
to fulfill all the criteria that are significant regarding the operational management of the
organization while targeting market (Schulze, Nehler and Thollander, 2016). It also focuses on
the various creating structure and system of the employees works the several levels of Tesco.
Through creating this type of the leaders they are able to meet the future goals of the
organization with high performance and High quality.
Strength of this leadership styles is helps the leaders so that they can design better system for the
employees of the Tesco (Liu, Zhao and Wang, 2018). It also helps the leaders to make the
crucial changes and effective changes in an organization so that they are able to meet the long
term aims and objectives of the Tesco .

Weaknesses of this theory it does not focuses on the external and internal factors of the
Tesco and also it gives general solution to all the situational problems.
M2 Strengths and weakness of leadership theories
There are some strengths and weakness of leadership theories which is defined as :-
Situational leadership
Strength of situational leadership
It is a practical approach that is very easy to understand (Minchala-Avila and Ferrer, 2016).
it lay focus on flexibility that rely on various situations that allow leaders to react quickly and
take suitable actions.
Weaknesses
It is not relevant in achieving long term goals for the organization
Contingency theory
Strength
It focusses on the flexibility of the organization.
It is good for the workers of the organization.
Weaknesses
It is difficult to learn that all the skills required in it (Minchala-Avila and Ferrer, 2016)
Transformational leadership
Strength
this type of leadership is usually followed for united cause. here, leader motivate employee by
providing them long term vision.
by sharing common goals, leader work with them easily. so, this leads to reducing employee
turnover (Pandya and Elazary, 2018) .
Weaknesses
basically, this style is not followed as it involves high risk in creating change within
organization.
sometimes, if goals are not achieved then leader take strict action which results in creating a bad
impact on employees.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it had been summarized that leaders are responsible for creating
vision. Managers are responsible for managing activities and employees so they are aware that

how employees can work. Managers are responsible for organizing, staffing, directing,
coordination, etc. while leader provide direction and are innovators as well as ready to adopt the
changes. They are known as the motivators for the firm. There are some hard skills and soft
skills required. In change management managers listen to employees and accountable for all the
operations and takes suitable actions that are needed to overcome the failures of firm. In conflict
management situation leaders solve the various issues within workplace while managers listen to
the problems of staff. In situational leadership leader analyze situation and what actions must be
taken. System leadership also able to meet the future goals with high effectiveness, it also
focusses on various approaches that helps to determine the decision making of the managers' and
leaders such as transactional leadership and contingency theory of leadership.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Conrady, J., Diers, M. and Williams, D., 2018. Theory of Operation: The Energy Monitoring and
Management System.
Correa-Florez, C.A., Gerossier, A. and Kariniotakis, G., 2018. Stochastic operation of home
energy management systems including battery cycling. Applied energy, 225, pp.1205-
1218.
Kopardekar, P., Rios, J. and Robinson, J.E., 2016. Unmanned aircraft system traffic management
(UTM) concept of operations.
LE, H., TAO, S. and FANG, P., 2017. Analysis on the management system and operation
mechanism of Sanming's healthcare reform towards"" Tripartite-sector reform". Chinese
Journal of Hospital Administration, 33(4), pp.247-251.
Liu, X., Zhao, T. and Wang, P., 2018. Distributed operation management of battery swapping-
charging systems. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 10(5), pp.5320-5333.
Minchala-Avila, L.I. and Ferrer, H.J.A., 2016. Optimal energy management for stable operation
of an islanded microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 12(4), pp.1361-
1370.
Mutha, M.B. and Alonzo, C.A., CommVault Systems Inc, 2017. Secondary storage operation
instruction tags in information management systems. U.S. Patent 9,588,704.
Okamura, Y. and Koizumi, K., FANUC Corp, 2019. Operation management device. U.S. Patent
Application 16/143,473.
Pandya, S. and Elazary, L., Invia Robotics Inc, 2018. Workflow management system and methods
for coordinating simultaneous operation of multiple robots. U.S. Patent 10,134,006.
Sandhu, G.S., Naeem, M.A. and Waheed, A., 2018. Assessing the Site Selection, Operation and
Management of Waste Disposal Site in Islamabad. Technical Journal, 23(03), pp.9-20.
Schulze, M., Nehler, H. and Thollander, P., 2016. Energy management in industry–a systematic
review of previous findings and an integrative conceptual framework. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 112, pp.3692-3708.