Leadership and Management Theories: A Case Study of Tesco Company

This report provides an analysis of leadership and management theories applied within Tesco, a multinational grocery and retail company. It examines the effectiveness of various leadership theories such as contingency theory, situational leadership theory, behavioral theory, and transformational leadership theory, alongside management theories like scientific management, human relations theory, administrative management, and systems management. The report compares Tesco's leadership and management approaches with those of Sainsbury’s and H&M, highlighting the impact of different styles on decision-making processes. Furthermore, it evaluates the role of leadership and management in shaping Tesco's organizational culture and performance, reflecting on the overall impact of these strategies on the company's success.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Leadership and management.......................................................................................................3
Various theories of leadership and management used by TESCO..............................................4
Analysing the Effectiveness of leadership and management theories in the workplace of
TESCO.........................................................................................................................................5
Comparing different style of leadership and management approach and their impact on..........6
decision taking in other organisations.........................................................................................6
Leadership style and management approaches impacting decisions making..............................8
Importance of the role of leadership and the management on the culture and perormances of. .8
TESCO.........................................................................................................................................8
Reflection of the impact of leadership and management.............................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Leadership is the ability of an individual for influencing and motivating the group of people
to achieve group goals (Daniëls, 2019). Where as management involves administering all the
activities of the groups for achieveing the objectives effectively and effeciently. The TESCO is
an United Kingdom’s retail company having its operation worldwide dealing in groceries
products with large market internationally. This company is using various leadership and
management styles for achieving the goals with less cost and more productivity.This report will
include research on leadership and management theories and their application in the organisation
for analysing the effectiveness of leadership and managemnt in this company. Furthermore, it
will include comparing the different styles of leadership and management approaches their
impact on decision taking. It will also include different leadership and management approaches
for evaluating their effectiveness and impact and influence of different leadership and
management role on the culture and performances of TESCO.
MAIN BODY
Leadership and management
Leadership is inspiring and motivating employees of the groups for achieving the group
goals effectively. The leadership involves guiding the employees in way to achieve group goals
with individual efforts. This makes each employee efforts towards the same goal with
cooperation and coordination by ability of the leader. Leadership is a management function and
comes under the management for accomplishing a particular task of resources or peoples.
Where as management is the overall function of the organisation that involves planning,
directing, organising, staffing etc for achieving the organisational cost efficiently (Lam, 2019).
All this functions are performed by the manager because it is the sole responsibility of the
manager for managing all the groups of the organisation in the same direction. Management is a
broad field of working includes various functions and leadership is narrow concept.

Various theories of leadership and management used by TESCO
Leadership theories
The TESCO of United Kingdom is using various leadership theories for leading the group of
teams and the employees for achieving the gaols.
 Contingency theory: The leaders of TESCO are using this theory in its workplace for
managing its team effectively by applying different methods for solving the situations.
This theory is all about putting different ways and solution by the leaders for solving
particular problems arise between the employees for best outcomes of the solution
because not one technique can solve every problems every time (Tuczek, 2018).
 Situational leadership theory: This theory is all about making different solutions and
styles of leadership in different situations (Lord, 2020). The leaders of this company is
deciding its leadership style differently and making different decision by judging the
suitable action. Some groups of TESCO require strict autocratic leadership styles and
some need democratic style for decision making.
 Behavioural theory: This type of theory involves the behaviours of the leaders and their
skills and ability for performing the task. The TESCO has more advanced and
professional leaders with good knowledge and experience for performing the task
effectively and efficiently.
 Transformational leadership theory: This also known as relationship theory because it
describes the relationship between the leaders and the followers (Abedin, 2021). The
leaders of the TESCO Company is encouraging and motivating the employees for
performing with full efforts in direction to companies goals. Sometimes the leader has
been strict with the employees according to the behaviours of the employees.
Management theories
TESCO is using combination of various management theories for achieving the goals with more
new techniques and ideas.
 Scientific management theory: This theory is all about putting the right person at the
right place according to his skills and abilities (Greve, 2018). The TESCO manager and
leader is giving its employees the work which suits them the best or they are comfortable
in doing to increase the productivity of work. Employees of this company is doing the

task with full efficiency and increased productivity because they have full knowledge of
assigned work.
 Human relation theory: This theory is all about making good relation between the
employees and the managers by listening and understanding the employees need by the
managers and leaders (Schachter, 2018). The TESCO is providing its employees all the
well infrastructure facilities and working conditions for making them feel satisfied in the
company. The managers and leaders are being friendly or polite to the employees to
make them feel motivated while working with them.
 Principles of administrative management theory: This management theory is followed
by the manager and the leader of TESCO in which manager administer all the leaders
function in work (Wasieleski, 2021). The manager of this company according to this
theory do functions on which their is no control of leaders on them for efficiency in
work. All the function regarding remuneration of employees, discipline, division of
work, responsibility are managed by the manager for better control.
 System management theory: This theory involves various methods for maintain
harmony in the business or between the employees. The TESCO manager is coordinating
all the activities of the department in a way for maintain peace in the company and
harmony among the departments by applying various tricks and methods.
Analysing the Effectiveness of leadership and management theories in the workplace of TESCO
From the above theories used by TESCO it can be analysed that effectiveness of leadership
can be achieved by following the task oriented style by the leader. In which its suits all the
situations in the organisation because if the conflicts arises due to work between the employees
of this company their task can be shifted for solving the day to day problems (Scott, 2018). By
behavioural theory the leaders of TESCO is taking all the decisions related to employees by their
own judgemental skills and experience. The leaders of this company are highly skilled and
experienced due this they are performing their task easily. Applying transformational theory by
the leaders of the TESCO the leaders are making good relations with employees for performing
the work with full efforts towards achieving the goals. These theories helps the overall
performances of the TESCO for attaining its goals effectively and efficiently.
Where as Mnagement theories are improving the overall organisational activities with
less cost and more profitability. The manager of TESCO is using the scientific approach for

reducing the work pressure of the employees for doing the task with more ease and high
accuracy to reduce the cost. The manager of this company is providing all the necessity things
from basic to higher level needs for the satisfaction of the employees to work with full efficiency
and efforts. The employees of this company is satisfied and doing the task with more effort’s for
the organisational goals as well as individual goals. The TESCO has complete harmony in the
organisation between the employees of different departments for performing the task due to
system management approach followed by the manager.
Comparing different style of leadership and management approach and their impact on
decision taking in other organisations
Tesco is using autocratic and democratic leadership styles whereas Sainsbury’s and H and
M is using different styles. Tesco is using management approaches scientific and human relation
approach where as both this company is using other approaches according to their business
environment.
Various style and approaches used by SAINSBURY’S
The SAINSBURY’S is using leadership styles are:
 Democratize style: This company is using this style for involving the employees in
decision making process for more creative ideas and thoughts because the employees
knows better about the choice and preferences of the customers. All the decision
regarding the products or services are being taken by the group discussion in which all
the employees from all the departments are involved for more intelligent ideas (Yazdi,
2020).
 Delegate style: Sainsbury’s is using this leadership style in which leaders have no role in
the decision making things or have no responsibility all the decision are decided by the
members of the groups. The leaders only come in between when the issue is very big this
style helps the company for solving day to day conflicts and small decisions by the
employees about the products.
The SAINSBURY’S is using management approaches are:
 Contingency approach: This approach is used by the management of Sainsbury’s for
applying various methods to the solution in the organisation (Wulandari, 2021). The
manager of this company is not following the rigid method for long they are adopting

flexible methods to each problem for the solution. This company is using this approach
for solving their long term problems and big problems with ease and accuracy.
 Operational approach: This approach used by this company to reduce the cost of
resources with increase productivities (Li, 2020). The manager of Sainsbury’s are using
the resources in way that it will cost less and using less amount of resource with increase
efficiency in products for earning more profits. The main aim of the company is to earn
more revenue with least cost by fulfilling the customer’s needs with increased
productivity in the products for huge sells.
Various style and approaches used by H and M
The H and M using leadership styles are :
 Coaching leadership style: This leadership style is used by the leader of H and M to
recognize the individual member’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities. This company’s
leader is motivating the leaders in a way to by working on the weaknesses of the
employees and the making their strengths to work towards the organisational goals with
full motivation.
 Affiliative leadership style: This leadership style is used for making the employees to
work in the complete harmony and with full trust between the manager and the
employees (Rikhardsson,2018). The H and M leader is using this style for making the
emplyoees and leader bond strong for which the employees will work hard towards the
goals. This creates complete harmony in the activities and department for achieving the
objectives with full cooperation and coordination.
H and M is using various management approaches are:
 Classical approach: This theory is all about valuing the rationality and developing
managers and workers to do the work efficiently (Foo, 2021). The H and M main aim is
to increase the efficiency, productivity, and output of the company with increasing the
efficiency of the workers to do work with all the efforts.
 Management accounting: This approach is used by this company for by creating
various budgets and reports for measuring the performances of each department for
checking the accuracy of work. H and M managers are handling controlling various
reports and documents for measuring the performances of each employees to work
according to the group goals.

Leadership style and management approaches impacting decisions making
The Sainsbury’s is using democratic and delegative styles helps in doing the work more
confidenlty by the emplyoees with no doubts in work and it enhance new creative ideas and
technique of doing the particular task with more accuracy and with least cost. This approches
helps in the decision making of any products and services by following different solution to the
different problems for making strong decisions like reducing the cost of production with
increasing effeciency to increase the customers for more revenue generation.
Whereas, H and M is using different styles and approaches for making the decisions for
the company like this company follow the coaching and affiliative leadership style in which the
leaders is using various skills for developing the employees efficiency of working. Making the
harmony in the organisation among the emplyoees for solving their problems and helping them
for overcoming their weaknesses for better decision making. Furthermore, this company is
making various budgets, documents report of performances for taking the organisational decision
if the performance is not good for improving the work for overall goals and decision making.
Importance of the role of leadership and the management on the culture and perormances of
TESCO
The leadership and management approches helps in improving the performances and the culture
of this company by creating an environment of coordination and cooperation between the
emplyoees. Tesco is maintaining healthy culture system in the organisation by applying various
management approaches and styles of leadership for increasing its performances of work.
 Without leadership the team of various department cannot work towards the same goals
so it helps the company for making the individual efforts to work against the
organisational goals (Meng, 2019).
 Leadership and management helps the emplyoees to work with confidence and
communicate their problems iwth the leaders and take part in the decision making.
 Mnagement approach helps in managing the emplyoees of Tesco with different cultures
and norms to work as a team for achieving individual and organisational goals as well.
 The Tesco’s culture environment is healthy due to good leadership or manager and
workers relationship for making the empoyees feel motivated and loyal in doing the work
for better performances

 This company’s management cuture is still in development for achieving the advanced
results in future performances by applying various management theoriesby the manager.
 The leaders and the managers are induling in practices of applying various styles and
management approches for creating the company competitive by excellent performances
of the emplyoees and increasing the profits.
 The good cultural environment of Tesco is totally dependend upon the effectiveness of
the leaders and the managers.
 This company is using various leadership styles for maintaing a good culture in the
company by involving all the emplyoees in the decision making for making them feel
motivated and work towards the team.
 Management approaches helping in improving the culture and performances by
controllinga and measuring all the activities of emplyoees for accuracy and deficits are
being resolved by the leaders.
Reflection of the impact of leadership and management
From the above leadership and management followed by TESCO I learned that without
effective leadership and management the company cannot fulfill its dreams to the fullest.
Leadership helps company to achieve the group goals as well as individual goals effectively with
full efforts. From My point of view leadership is incomplete without management because
management is coordinating all the departments activities and emplyoees work towards same
goals. I think leadership just a part of management function because management involves
planning , organisinng, staffing, direectiong the groups for organissational goals. Leadership and
management is totally depend upon the leaders and the managers or their skills of doing the
worrk. I think a stong leader with god knowleddgee and expperience will perform more better
then a leader with low knowledge and experience same with the manager too.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that leadership and management is important
for achieving the organisational goals smoothly. The leadership styles and theories are used by
Tesco for directing the employees and making them part of decision making. Furthermore,
Management theories are important for measuring various organisational performances and
checking the accuracy of leadership. Moreover various other organisation use different
leadership and management approach according to their employees and goals. In this report it
also concluded that leadership and management has direct impact on the culture and
performances of the company. Lastly, the role of leaders and managers in the company that
establish a good culture in the organisation for good performances for earning more profits in an
organisation.

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