Exploring Leadership & Management Theories and Tesco's Growth

This report provides an overview of leadership and management theories and their application within Tesco PLC. It begins by introducing Tesco's organizational and management structure, highlighting the role of managers and leaders in achieving business objectives. The report differentiates between leadership and management, outlining their respective roles and responsibilities. It then explores various leadership theories, such as contingency theory, behavioral theory, and trait theory, and how they can be applied in different organizational situations. Furthermore, it discusses the application of chaos theory and management by objectives (MBO) in Tesco, and how these concepts contribute to the company's growth and sustainable performance. The report emphasizes the importance of effective leadership and management styles in achieving organizational goals and maintaining a positive work environment.

Managements and
operation

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION
In every business organization, manager play a very crucial role who are responsible for
managing and coordinating all business activities and function for attainment of business
objective. In the absence of manager, business enterprise can not survive its smooth functioning.
Leadership and management is very important role of manager through which he can able to
lead, direct, coordinate, monitor employees performance (Farndale, 2014). The following project
report is going to introduce the various leadership and management theory which assist in
defining the role of manager in an organization. In addition to this, chaos theory and
management by objective has applied to the corporation and effectively described that how these
theories assist in attaining the objective and growth of business.
TASK 1
1 An introduction to the organization and management structure
Tesco is the world largest retail outlet which headquarter in welwyn garden city Hertfordshire,
England and united kingdom. It is the third largest retailer in the world measured by revenue. It
has stores in 12 countries across Asia and Europe and is the grocery market leader in the UK.
The major objective of Tesco is to deliver the high quality product and services to its customer
and gain the highest profitability and market share. For this objective, its employees contributes
in an effective manner. In order to attain the desired objective, management play a very crucial
role in the company. It is process of managing , coordinating and maintaining business activities
and function so as desired goal can effectively attain by the workforce (Ghosh, 2015). Manager
play a very significant role in order to manage the business activities as well as employees
performance. In the absence of manager, corporation can not survive its functioning so he/she is
responsible for manage, control, coordinate, lead, direct and motivate employees and check their
efficiency at regular interval. In addition to this development of policies, structure and strategy is
another major responsibility of manager. In order to attain tesco objective, manger of cited
venture have to develop an effective management structure because the entire performance of
business as well as employee are largely depends upon the proper structure of management. It is
a hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communication, rights and duties of an
organization. It determines how the roles , power and responsibilities are assigned , controlled
and coordinated and how information flows between the various level of management. A
management structure is depends on the corporation’s objective and strategy. There are various
kinds of organization structure that is tall, flat, centralized, decentralized etc.
In the Tesco organization, there is a flat structure of management under which there are few or
no levels of middle management between staff and executives. An organization structure refers
to the nature of the distribution of the units and positions within it, also the nature of the
relationship among those units and positions. With assistance of this organization structure in the

Tesco, there is a greater communication between management and workers (Harwiki, 2013). In
this structure, there is a better team sprit as fewer management layers increase interaction
between employees on various levels.
So as per the above discussion it can be said that Tesco organization have better control over the
business activities and employees performance with the help of this flat organization structure.
Company can develop open communication among the various functional department because
there is a same layer upon the various department and less span of control of manager. In
addition to this company have to spend the less expenses on the various activities of business
because there is a less management layer in the company.
2Difference between leadership and management and also role of manager and leader in the
Tesco organization
In the Tesco organization, the entire growth and success of business is largely depends upon the
performance of employees so it is very important to manage their activities and performance. In
this manner, manager and leader play a very crucial role because they are liable to take effective
monitoring over the performance of employees. Both of them have various roles and
responsibility toward organization so as they can attain the desired objective with in a time
period. Following are some roles of manager and leader in the Tesco organization-
 Manager is a person who responsible for developing polices, strategies, practices,
structure for the business organization. On the other hand leader is a person who is
responsible to implement that practices and policies at workplace so as desired objective
can attain within a time.
 Manager have role to develop business planning, organizing business activities and
monitoring the entire process of business. On the other hand leader have role to lead,
monitor, direct, control and coordinate employees performance only and manage them in
such manner as determined assignment can accomplish within time period (Hatch and
Cunliffe 2013).
 A manager focuses on the system and structure whereas a leader consider on the
subordinates performance and activities.
 The manager relies on control over the business as well as employees activities and
performance. On the other hand leader inspire and motivate subordinate for higher
performance.
As per the above conversation it has been founded that in the cited organization, both leader
and manager are responsible for attaining desired objective but both of them have various roles
and responsibility toward company. In order to achieve the goal of corporation, both of them
have to adopt effective leadership and management style so as they can efficiency carried out
their responsibility toward business unit. Following are some common difference between the
leadership and management.-

Leadership is a process under which leader plays very essential role toward organization, he/she
is responsible to lead, direct, motivate, inspire, coordinate, support and evaluate employees at
workplace so as they can effectively carried out their business activities and performance.
Leadership process carried out by the leader and he/she is responsible to lead subordinate at
work place. In an effective leader must have quality of effective communication, positive
attitude, supportive nature, coordination and inspiring behavior so as he/she can motivate and
inspire to subordinate for higher performance and productivity at workplace (Hogan and Coote,
2014). The management is an art of managing the activities and function of business in such
manner so as determined objective can effectively achieve within a time period. The
management is an activity through which manager properly utilize the available resources and
manage them in an effective manner.
3 The different roles of management and leadership in application to various organizational
situations, supported by specific and realistic business example as well as theories and concept
As per the above discussion it has been ascertained that there are various roles and
responsibility pf leader and manager in the tesco and they plays a very significant role in the
organization for attaining determined goal. In the various situation, leader and manager manger
adopt the various kinds of leadership and management style. With the help of various leadership
and management style, manager and leader can able to perform various assignment in the
company and handle the people. In the context of manager, he/she is responsible to conduct the
meeting and personal interaction with subordinates so as he/she can identify the actual conflict
and issue among the employees related to working condition and practices. Following are some
leadership theory through which manager can easily manage the different situation in an
organization-
 Contingency theory- Contingency theory is that under which organizations have open
systems that require effective management so every one in the business enterprise can
Fulfill their requirement and follow effective working environment practices. In other
word, it can be said that the contingency theory it is clear that both leader and manger
are highly responsible to motivate and inspire subordinates and they obligated to fulfill
workforce requirement (Hsu, 2014). As per this theory of leadership, there is no one best
way of organizing. The appropriate form depends on the kinds of task or environment
one is dealing with. This contingency model of leadership style and the favorable ness of
the situation.
 Behavioral theory of leadership- This is another important theory of leadership under
which, manager and leader have main mean is to build up an effectual and healthy
relationship with people so as they focuses on the constraint of personnel and try to fulfill
them. Under this concept of leadership, manager and leader appreciate the importance of
employees and execute their requirement related to working practices and conditions at
workplace (Iqbal and Sharma, 2012). Tesco manager and leader can adopt the behavioral

leadership style when he/she require to motivate and inspire employees for higher
performance and productivity.
 Trait theory of leadership- According to this theory, each leader have theory own
different traits and quality which support them for accomplishing their task in the
organization. With the help of various traits , manager and leader can distinguish their
personality from other in the organization. As per this concept, leader’s traits and quality
does not develop it just carry from their birth. In the Tesco, while manager require to
manage the various conflict situation then he/she can use the different traits and quality to
motivate and inspire people for higher productivity and performance.
4 How theories such as chaos theory and management by objective apply to the organization and
how these have supported growth and sustainable performance
In the Tesco organization, the manager and leader have their own quality and responsibility but
their aim is common as the company goal. So that they are adopt various styles and concept of
leadership fort performing their own duties and responsibility toward corporation. With the help
of chaos theory and management by objective, manager can effectively gain the growth and
sustainable objective of cited venture. The following are description of chaos theory and
management by objective-
 Chaos theory- Chaos theory is an area of deterministic dynamics proposing
that seemingly random events can result from normal equations because of the
complexity of the systems involved. Chaos' is an interdisciplinary theory stating that
within the apparent randomness of chaotic complex systems, there are underlying
patterns, constant feedback loops, repetition, self-similarity, fractals, self-organization,
and reliance on programming at the initial point known as sensitive dependence on initial
condition (Jafri, 2012). The two main components of chaos theory are the idea that
systems - no matter how complex they may be - rely upon an underlying order, and that
very simple or small systems and events can cause very complex behaviors or events.
 Management by objective- management by objective is also known as the management
by result. It is very important concept for tesco company through which it can easily
attain the desired objective. In a general meaning it is a process of defining specific
objective within corporation that management can convey to organization member, then
deciding on how to achieve each objective in sequence. This process allows managers to
get exertion that desires to be done one step at a time to allow for a calm, yet productive
work surroundings. This process also helps business members to see their undertakings as
they attain each objective, which reinforces a positive work environment and a sense of
achievement (Jain, 2016). In other word it can be said that management by objective is a
process whereby the superior and subordinate jointly identify common objectives, define
each personnel major field of obligation in terms of the outcomes expected of them and
use these measures as guides for operating the business unit. Tesco can highly beneficial

by use of management by objective because with assistance of this process, each
individual can set their performance and activities in an effective manner and attain the
determined objective within time period and along with effective utilization of resources.
Management by objective at its core is a procedure if personnel and manager attempting
to maintain their employees by introducing the set of objectives that both the human
resource and the corporation strive to attain in the near future and working to meet those
objective accordingly.
5 Conclusion on how managers and leaders have made an impact on the organization and
recommendation for future improvement
From the entire discussion it has ascertained that in the tesco company, manager and leader
have their own roles and responsibility through which they can attain determined objective
with in a time period and manage employees performance. Both of them activities and
performance can largely impact on the employees performance as well as company process
and growth (Klotz and Buckley, 2013). As discussed that manager is responsible for
planning, organizing, directing and conducting various business activities and function so
every one can perform in a effective manner. In the absence of manager, company policies,
practices, structure and strategies can not develop so manager function is very essential in the
business enterprise. On the other hand leader is a person who responsible for to motivate,
control, direct, guide, inspire subordinates at the workplace so as they can effectively fulfill
their roles and responsibility in order to meet objective.
Both manager and leader can largely influence the Tesco activities and process so it is very
important for them to perform their roles and responsibility in an effective manner and with
honesty in the corporation. Following are some recommendation through which manager and
leader can improve their performance as well as business growth and process-
 Manager should organize training and development programs so as employees can
gain opportunity for developing their personality, skill, knowledge and ability for
accomplishing company objective.
 Manager should develop their own performance by attending personality
development class so as he/she can perform and fulfill their responsibility in an
effective manner (Kolade, Oluseye and Osibanjo 2014).
 Manager should adopt the open communication method at workplace so as every one
can share their view, suggestion, opinion related to business practices and working.
 Manager should take participation of employees in the business decision making
process so as they can motivate for higher performance and productivity. In addition
to this he/she should provide monetary and non monetary reward so as employees can
improve their performance.

CONCLUSION
Management and operation is very essential aspect in the Tesco through which company
can easily determine and achieve its objective. With the effective management and operation,
entire business process and function can set in an appropriate manner. From the above
project report it has been concluded that Tesco can attain its objective with help of effective
leadership and management style. Its manager can consider the needs and requirement oif
employees by use of behavioral leadership style. In this style, manager have major aim to
develop an effective and healthy relationship within workforce so as they can motivate for
higher performance and productivity. From this report it has been also concluded that
manager and leader have different roles and responsibility toward company but they have
common objective as company goal.

REFERENCES
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