Evaluating Leadership and Management Practices: The Tesco Corporation

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leadership and management practices within Tesco, a major supermarket chain. It begins by defining the roles of leaders and managers, highlighting their characteristics and comparing their functions. The report then delves into the application of leadership and management theories, including situational, systematic, and contingency approaches, and examines how these are applied in various situations, such as slow, stable, and fast business developments. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of different leadership perspectives, focusing on leadership styles and their impact on operational efficiency. Furthermore, the report explores the components of the business environment that influence management decisions and the significance of operational management in achieving Tesco's objectives. Finally, it discusses the implementation of operational management and factors that influence the macro environment, culminating in a conclusion that summarizes the key findings and recommendations for Tesco's management and leadership strategies.

MANAGEMENT AND
OPERATIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................4
P1.Definition of leaders and managers, their roles and characters in the company....................4
M1.Dissimilarities between leader roles and managers functions by putting concepts and
hypothesis....................................................................................................................................6
P2.Applying leaders duties and manager functions to examine the examples of several
situations......................................................................................................................................6
P3. Pertaining the different theories and approach models by involving leadership that is
situational, systematic and contingent.........................................................................................8
M2.Determing and valuating the strengths and weaknesses about various perspectives to
circumstances at the working environment.................................................................................9
D1. Acutely investigating and assessing the abundant prepositions and methods to leadership
...................................................................................................................................................10
P4. Essential approaches of operation management and part of leader and manager...............10
P5. Significance and Utility of Operation Management in attaining Tesco’s Objective...........11
M3. Improving the Operational Efficiency...............................................................................12
P6. Components of the Business environment that affect decisions of management...............12
M4. Different factor affecting business environment and the wider community......................13
D2. Implementation of Operational Management and factors that influence macro
environment...............................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Administration and operations practices are very crucial for the growth and success of an
enterprise (Burns, 2018). Management of the managers play an essential role and are essential
strengths of an organization. The company is enhanced at the market place by manager’s
support. Management and leadership are the vital components of business. The selected popular
business enterprise in this report is Tesco. It is the largest supermarket chain which provides
groceries, home ware, financial, clothing, telecom, and internet services among U.K and also
diversified worldwide. Tesco has been listed on London stock exchange. Managers and leaders
have their own potential to bring effectiveness in an organization by utilizing their own talent
and skills and perform various roles in order to obtain company’s goals. This report outlines
approaches, theories, role of leaders and managers, their comparison and aims to evaluate
different methods of management and leadership skills that are practiced in Tesco. It attempts to
calculate their strengths, weaknesses and managerial and operational needs that make
organization different from other organizations and its style of management and leadership.
MAIN BODY
P1.Definition of leaders and managers, their roles and characters in the company
Leader: A position holder in the company assigned to guide and motivates employees in
an organization to acquire success by moving on right path (Zaccaro and et.al, 2018). It always
motivates its followers to maximize the effectiveness of performance and efficiency of
productivity. A leadership is a talent and skill that leads resources to move towards company’s
vision and acquire success. A leader let employees understand belief and norms and instruct
them to follow in order to obtain Tesco’s objectives.
Manager: A manager is the administrator of a company for the acquirement goals in an
efficient and effective manner through organizing, directing, planning and staffing the resources
of an organization (Dzwigol and et.al, 2020). Manager integrates and assembles resources to
achieve goals and arranges the production factors as well. They regulate activities and let
resources on board to follow organizations vision in achieving success. Manager uses a
procedure of motivating and leading physical, informational and financial resources of Tesco to
reach its aims and goals in an appropriate way.

Comparison of roles and characteristics
Basis Leader Manager
Roles Leaders are among senior and
top positioned employee of
Tesco who look over how the
company is running. Leaders
are the team builders and their
roles are inclined to make sure
the operations are performed
smoothly. They are oriented to
deal with the affairs of
employees and harmonize
them in lines with the aims
set.
Manager is the administrator
of a company for the
acquirement goals in an
efficient and effective manner
through organizing, directing,
planning and staffing the
resources of Tesco . Manager
integrates and assembles
resources to achieve goals and
arranges the production
factors as well. They regulate
activities and let resources on
board to follow Tesco’s vision
in achieving success. Manager
uses a procedure of motivating
and leading physical,
informational and financial
resources of Tesco to reach its
aims and goals in an
appropriate way.
Characteristics A leader has characteristics of
delegation of authority,
commitment towards work
and strong communication. A
leader is creative, confident,
honest, caring, good decision
maker, motivator,
A manager has various
characteristics such as
flexible, manages period of
the activities, responsible,
specific, reliable, accountable,
patient, empathy and has
positive attitude

M1.Dissimilarities between leader roles and managers functions by putting concepts and
hypothesis
Leaders along with managers utilize many theories as well as concepts to understand the
importance of their roles in an organization.
Leader- Purposes of leader in the company is obliged to guide its team-mates and oversee
the performance of employees and motivate them to maximize organization’s productivity
together with the effectiveness in performances (Brutus and Vanhove, 2017). The leaders can use
different kind of theories like trait, contingency, behavioural, transformational, transactional,
situational, and great man theory of leadership to lead a team. In Tesco, leaders usually choose
behavioural theory that supports them to analyse behaviour and motivational techniques which
can be used by them to attract team towards their instructions and Tesco’s goals. Leaders shows
right path to move according to the behaviour and activities performed by the team members.
Manager- Concerns of manager in the corporation includes managing work of staff
members and to utilize potential of resources properly and efficiently (Shastri, Hoda and Amor,
2017). Manager can use various theories such as administrative, scientific, human relations,
bureaucratic, systems, and contingency management theories to manage employees. In Tesco,
managers utilize human relations management theory to understand interrelationships between
them and resources by analysing requirements and desires of employees.
P2.Applying leaders duties and manager functions to examine the examples of several situations
Duties of leader are absolutely dissimilar from the functions of manager. Leaders support
employees to take effective decisions in different severe situations. Decisions are usually take
after analysing the situations and trends of market. Managers also helps employees by suggesting
required implementations to be done in order to hold a deserving position in the market.
Organizations go through different critical and normal situations like slow, stable and fast
development of their business. Various leadership styles and management styles are applied in
different situations that are discussed below:

Slow development- In this situation, growth and development sometimes becomes slow in Tesco
and the amount of profit gets reduced because of slow modifications in the company makes
delays in the fulfilment of projects and results. Modifications in company’s inner structures are
the outcomes for the modifications done in the outer structure. For example, Tesco gains slow
profits results in slow market growth which does not affect it unfavourably but the leaders of
Tesco utilize supportive leadership style to help team member in order to complete work with
time boundation(Looney, 2020). They make decisions according to the desires and requirements
of employees and goals of Tesco to be achieved. They allot tasks and projects according to the
talents and skills of employees in order to make growth and developments by obtaining
company’s vision to achieve success. Managers of Tesco use participative management style to
help employees to make efforts for the development of organization in the market.
Stable development- In this situation, growth of Tesco is moderate and stable when compared to
the crucial slow developments. Stable situations do not affect Tesco much as it brings some
certain changes and market analysis can be done in the right context and decisions can be taken
quickly by the leaders to grow efficiently according to the business perspectives. For example,
minimum profits are gained by Tesco in this situation as such it does not raise such appropriate
changes that can affect Tesco’s business environment. Leaders of Tesco apply coaching
leadership style in this that supports employees to prepare and improve their performances in
order to complete the allotted work anyhow if wanting to be appraised by their leaders. Managers
use collaborative management style in Tesco to maintain relationships with employees and
motivate them for making possible improvements in market to become more superior according
the market trends and demands.
Fast development- In this situation, development of Tesco becomes very fast and plays an
essential role to put a great impact on the organization’s economy scale and position in the
market place. Those rapid modifications in Tesco brings new innovations and trends in the
society as well as effects organizations for becoming over confident and taking wrong decisions
that affect business environment. These situations grow very rapidly as well as have huge
chances of loss in the company. For example, huge profits are gained in Tesco by sudden rapid
growth in the market. Leaders of Tesco use autocratic leadership style to give orders to the

followers and want an appropriate work from the team members without knowing methods of his
employees to do work. Managers use transformational management style in order to tackle and
handle the sudden growth and developments according to the goals of Tesco in the market place.
P3. Pertaining the different theories and approach models by involving leadership that is
situational, systematic and contingent
Leaders in a company support and motivate the staff members by exploring requirements
and aspirations of them. They estimate modifications which are arising within the visible
business surroundings besides take resolutions that provide advantages to Tesco by this
modification. Various leadership styles that can be implemented in companies but Tesco had
chosen some styles of leadership in order to maintain effectiveness in the workplace (Uzohue,
Yaya and Akintayo, 2016).
Situational leadership: It is the leadership which assigns and allots the activities and work
according to the talent and skills. Leaders in this leadership analyse the conditions of market and
accordingly take decisions in the organization (Zigarmi and Roberts, 2017). This theory of
leadership supports leaders in researching the perfect solutions to the challenges that have risen
at the market place. There are several factors of the market that affects Tesco’s leader’s decisions
and take put negative results. For example, when an organization suffers from rise in conflicts in
between the employee’s, decision of modification in roles and responsibilities can be taken and
this helps organizations to solve the issue of disputes in addition to complete the allotted task
within the given time.
Systematic leadership: It focuses on result instead of the steps and procedures. It also keeps its
focus on the reactions that are acquired with the various practices (Boylan, 2018). Those
practices are previously organized together outcomes are later matched by the expected
consequences. Tesco is the giant supermarket chain that consists of different departments that
have personal aims and goals.
Contingency leadership: It is the kind of leadership hypothesis which puts its focal point on
dissimilar conditions stand up in Tesco (Carter, Mossholder and Harris, 2018). Any random

problem is picked up and its solutions are searched out by Tesco’s team member. This leadership
programme is utilized to search different directions in acquiring goals of an organization.
M2.Determing and valuating the strengths and weaknesses about various perspectives to
circumstances at the working environment
Every single perspective has its own goals and results that differ from each other and are
totally depended on conditions in which they are implemented. Strength and weakness supports
in obtaining outcomes are explained below:
S&W of Situational leadership
Strengths Weakness
Situational leadership has creative approach.
It analyses the conditions effectively.
It properly allocates the resources.
This leadership train employees very well.
It has effective communication in its style to
interact and understand employees.
This situation analyses talent and skills of
employees.
Situational leadership has lack of funds.
It does wrong interpretation of organizations
resources.
It has lack of resources for calculation of
market.
This leadership switches to many numbers of
employees.
It has unqualified members in staff.
Contingent leadership
Strength Weakness
Contingent leadership has random problems
and has variety of solutions.
It has innovative approach.
This leadership practices activities with open
mind and has market research that is very
effective.
Contingent leadership weakness is it has
high cost in market research and less
resources of finance.
It has unskilled and less trained staff
members.
It has slow growth of modifications and
makes delays in acquiring results.

D1. Acutely investigating and assessing the abundant prepositions and methods to leadership
Various theories evaluation briefly:
Behavioural theory- This theory represents the employee’s behaviour in Tesco. Behaviour and
attitude of each and every employee is analysed and evaluated to better recognize the work
systematically. This theory analyses natural, social and mental features of employees to
recognise their behaviours.
Transformational theory- This theory informs about the trust factor of employee’s that is being
increased by communicating with them. Relationships are maintained in between leaders and
employees to take out positive outcomes and acquire employee’s intentions.
P4. Essential approaches of operation management and part of leader and manager
The following discussed below are the key approaches and the role that leaders and managers
play in Tesco –
Six-Sigma Technique – This method focuses on the completion of task by the team and
measuring the performance. The managers of Tesco, has task to plan and ensure that the
resources are utilized nicely. Tesco, leaders uses this technique of six-sigma to improve team
bonding and making sure the employees perform effectively.
Just in time Inventory – This is one of the most effective approaches in business environment
which relates to the process of authorizing raw materials just before the process of manufacturing
and production begins (Bhanushali, 2019). This approach ensures the efficient use of inventory
and the inventories of the Tesco will not stay idle for the long time. It helps in saving time in
production process and in this approach the role of the manager is to order the inventory in time
from the seller or supplier and the leaders of the company monitors and evaluates the
performance of employees and make the schedule.
Kaizen / Continuous Improvement process – this approach refers to the change for good and in
Tesco team always believes in the continuous improvement process. Tesco uses this theory for to
improve the production efficiency. The managers try to generate effective strategy and efficiency
for the improvement of overall product (Ivanov, Tsipoulanidis and Schönberger, 2017). The
leaders of Tesco help its employees by providing them a flexible working place, with the
required motivation and encourage them to produce better products for the better customer
satisfaction.

Total Quality Management – Generally, this approach is applied by many global companies to
make sure that there is efficiency in the production process. This technique focuses on up
gradation of product and service quality so that genuine demand is met of target customers. It is
also one of the cost-effective approaches. In this the leader and the manager of the Tesco,
persuade and motivate the employees to provide the best quality of goods and services to its
buyers.
P5. Significance and Utility of Operation Management in attaining Tesco’s Objective
Operations Management refers to the set practices that organisations use to maximise its
production efficiency, it is related with the controlling the manufacturing process and business
operation in the efficient manner. Discussed below is the prominence and worth of Tesco’s
operation management –
Customer Satisfaction – Satisfied customers are one of the key reasons behind the success of
Tesco. Tesco with the help of appropriate implementation of its operation management tries to
satisfy the need of their customers and also offers various products so that all their desires of
customers are satisfied at one stop destination (Gillard, 2019).
Increase in Profits - The prime goal of any company is to maximise its profit. This can be
achieved by the increasing the sales and efficiently managing the operation management. Tesco
need to focus more its customer base and increase the base by coming up with the attractive
offers and discounts and promotional events and campaign to attract the customer base more.
Effective use of resources – Operational management in Tesco makes sure that there the
resources are efficiently utilized. Company’s strong operation management planned sees the
utilization of resources in each and every sector in the production process.
Production Efficiency – Production is the key area of reducing or minimising the cot for Tesco.
By doing the proper cost calculation, Tesco can avoid the high costing and make sure to
maximize the production efficiency (Maylor and et.al., 2018).
Creating Strong Operational Skills – Tesco must focus on improving the skills of its employees
by the efficient operation management planning. As operation management helps the companies
to build the strong employee base and makes sure that the skilled employees are employed in
order to make the company’s brand in global market.

Supply Chain Management – Operational Management of the company makes sure that the
company has good relationships with the suppliers as they supply raw materials and maintain the
better relationships help in building the long term relationship which will be beneficial for the
company. Tesco had some controversy with the suppliers by focusing on this with the effective
management can help in regaining the good relationship with the distributors and suppliers.
Improving Product Quality – Tesco is quite careful about the quality of the products that it
delivers whether they belong to their own brands or of some different brands, it prime motive is
to ensure the quality of the products before selling. Company is continuously trying to improve
and make better its products quality so that customers prefer their products more, that is also one
of the key concern of the operational management.
Capacity Management – Operational Management also helps in managing the capital investment
properly. Capital utilization and the resources done correctly helps in various working process.
Tesco focus on operation management lot more because it prevents the wastage of not used
capital and safety for its use in future.
M3. Improving the Operational Efficiency
Tesco’s leaders and Managers can improve the operational efficiency by implementing the
following which will also help them in successfully meeting their business objective –
Managers and leader should focus on the Inventory Control, through which company will able to
determine how effectively inventory of the company is being managed and if something goes
wrong they can take immediate actions. Manager and leader can also achieve the business
objective through operational management by focusing on the quality control and on the supply
chain management as it enable the smoother workflow and avoid any glitch into the business
operations.
P6. Components of the Business environment that affect decisions of management
Business Environment consists of Internal (owners, BOD, shareholders) and External
environment (general and task environment). Decision-making of the management (leader and
manager) of Tesco regarding the company’s environment should be very specific and precise
because the actions need to be measured. There are various no. of elements that describe the last
decision. The general environment consists of various components such as – socio-cultural,
economical, political and legal, technological etc. Few of them are explained below -

Economical Conditions – Tesco is the global company and has its operations in various other
countries, managers and leaders of the company has to consider the economic conditions such as
interest rates, taxes to be paid, inflation as all these factors impacts its business objective of
expansion, as the increased inflation means the product price will rise and people will consume
and shop less.
Technological Conditions – The world is getting evolve regularly with the time and Tesco to
compete in this competitive world has to keeping updating its technology which will helps the
company in increasing its efficiency and help in its growth. This factor also affects the decision
of the manager and leader as they have to consider these facts before coming up with any
decision.
Tesco’s manager has to consider the impact of the political and legal conditions of the country as
the Brexit and the Covid-19 had the huge impact on the business of Tesco, it has to change the
way of its operation after the pandemic (Salamai and et.al., 2019). However, the company has is
back on its previous path but had disturbance in its operation for the time period. The external
environment of the Tesco consist different factors such as –
Competitors – These are the Tesco’s rivals such as marks&spencer, lidl etc whose quality who
give the competition in the quality of products, also this is the price determining factor.
Customers – They are the prime factors considered before making any decision, Tesco first thing
that is primarily taken care is the customers as they are king of market.
Business Partners – Tesco sync with its business partners such as investors determines and
contributes in success of company.
Inner environment of Tesco plays one of the prime roles in the controlling process. These consist
of Owners of the Company, Board of Directors, Employees are the most essential in internal
environment as they are the asset of Tesco, through them the success is achieved and business
objective is fulfilled, organisational structure etc.
All these factors impacts the decision making, manager and leader must focus on the proper
coordination between the internal and external environment factors, the leader of Tesco analyse
these factors and then decide accordingly.
M4. Different factor affecting business environment and the wider community
The different factors affect in different manner-

Tesco’s mission should be clearly defined and should be made clear to everyone, as the mission
of the company provides the direction and purpose to the ideas of the team (Sumets, 2018). The
leaders and managers should discuss the problem with the team by doing the effective
communication which will help in better decision making. Managers should also consider the
business laws that vary country from country and the problem that arises as it type of problem
defines the actions and the strategy to resolve it.
D2. Implementation of Operational Management and factors that influence macro environment
Management of operations is generally a strategic procedure that focuses on maximising the
profitability of Tesco by planning, organising and guiding the manufacturing or production
processes in a potent way. Effective way is achieved by minimising the input and maximising the
consumer satisfaction (Sparks, 2019). The operation process has some effective key principles
such as – direct interaction with the customer, working on rapid improvement, investing on
hiring good HR, maintain the proper equipments and unified purpose. Operation management
application helps Tesco in increasing its profitability and formulating strategies to meet its goals
and objectives smoothly. The agile and incline production in operational management is current
trend in which is extremely effective in facing the challenges in such competitive world of
business.
CONCLUSION
This report concludes that the management and operations have own importance of leaders
and managers in its functions. It defines the roles and characteristics of both of them and
differentiates their roles and functions by applying theories and concepts effectively. This report
also examines the various examples of their roles and functions that are applied in different
situations in organizations. It also analyses the distinct approaches applied to circumstances in
the work-environment are critically analysed and evaluated. This report concludes that the key
approaches are taken by leaders and managers in the operations management to improve its
efficiencies and meet organizations objectives are very appropriate. It defines the value of
operations & constituent that affects business environment.

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