Leadership and Management Strategies in Tesco: A Comprehensive Study

This report provides an analysis of leadership and management strategies within organizations, focusing on Tesco as a case study. It explores various leadership theories such as contingency, situational, and transformational theories, alongside management theories like scientific, systems, and contingency management. The report examines different leadership and management approaches, including authoritarian, participative, delegative, visionary, transactional, and pacesetting styles. Furthermore, it identifies factors influencing organizational culture, such as the nature of the business, client relationships, and leadership styles. The report also delves into motivational strategies and performance management techniques, providing a comprehensive overview of how Tesco and similar organizations can effectively manage and lead their teams to achieve their goals and objectives. The document is contributed by a student and available on Desklib, a platform offering study tools and resources for students.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Theories of leadership .................................................................................................................3
Theories of management .............................................................................................................4
Leadership and management approaches.....................................................................................6
Factors that influence the development of the organizational culture.........................................7
Motivational strategy for an organisation ...................................................................................8
Leadership and management approaches for managing performance.........................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Management refers to a process of controlling and managing the overall activities or the
functions of an organization in order to achieve the goals and objectives of the business. Whereas
leadership refers to the personality or the abilities and the capabilities of an individual in order to
motivate, encourage, influence and enable the other people and are responsible for the activities
done by them and also helpful in achieving the success of the company (GÜmÜsay, 2019).
Tesco is one of the leading retail company of UK. It involves in the manufacturing of the
grocery, electronics, household items, etc. This report shows the different types of theories,
approaches and styles of leadership and management in different organizations.
MAIN BODY
Theories of leadership
The leadership theories focuses on the behaviour of the individuals that can be applied in
order to improve their own capabilities and the abilities. Following are the different type of
leadership theories-
1. Contingency theory- This type of leadership theory gave emphasis on the particular
variables of the environment which means there should be a balance between the needs,
behaviours and the context. The leaders should be able to maintain the proper balance
between all these variable and should also motivates the other people or the team
members. The leaders must identify the needs or the requirement of the followers and
then analyse the situation and after analysing adjust the behaviours according to the
situation (Sy, and van Knippenberg, 2021). So, this theory works on the various
variables such as qualities of the team members, leadership styles and also the aspects of
the situation. For example Tesco and the Marks and Spencer companies leaders follows
the contingency theory in order to motivates the workers and also to achieve the goals of
the organization.
2. Situational Theory- This theory focuses on the actions of the leaders that it should be
based on the situations and their behaviour should be according to the current situation.
The application of this theory facilitates the correct and adequate decision making at the
time of crisis situation as the leaders take decisions according to the situation. According
to the situational theory different types of leadership styles works as per the different

situation For example- Sometimes in a situation authoritative style of leadership work
where the leaders are experienced and skilled and on the other hand democratic styles of
leadership works more effectively (Lord, And et.al., 2020). The leaders or the managers
of Sainsbury and Amazon adopt the situational theory in order to apply the changes in the
organization according to the current market situation. These companies adopt the new
technologies and tries to make changes as per the need of the situation by using the
situational theory.
3. Transformational Theory- It is also known as the relationship theory as it focuses on
the relations between the leaders and the team members. These leaders encourage and
motivates the other team members in order to explain the importance of the task. In other
words these leaders or the managers gave emphasis on the performance of the each and
every team members and also inspires them so that they can be able to do their jobs with
full potential. For example- Davison Canner and John Lewis and partners follows or
adopt the transformational theory to improve the efficiency of the leaders as well as the
followers.
Tesco adopts the situational theory of leadership in order to make the quick and adequate
decision at the time of crisis situation. This theory also help to increase the efficiency and the
profit percentage of the firm.
Theories of management
Management theories refers to the concepts that are adopted by the organizations to make
the strategies of the business more effective and efficient in order to achieve the growth and the
success for the company. It also includes tools like the frameworks and the principles that are
needed to be implemented by the firms. There are various types of management theories such as-
1. Scientific Management Theory: This theory was proposed by Frederick Taylor gave
emphasis or focuses that the company should not force the employees to work hard as it
is not the best way to develop the positive results. Taylor suggest that the task should be
simplified so that the productivity or the efficiency of the workers increases. According
to this theory the workers should be motivated by the firm to standardised the
performance of the members of the company and also focuses on the teamwork regarding
the collaboration between the employees and the employers (Hallinger, and Kovačević,

2021). Most of the organizations such as Sainsbury, Tesco works according or follows
this theory to achieve the objectives of the business.
2. Systems Management Theory: It offers alternative or the other approaches for the
planning and the management of the company. This theory focuses on the various
components of the humans that work together to facilitate all the functions and the
activities of the large organizations so that they can be able to work smoothly and
efficiently. The success or the growth of an organization depends on the various or
different elements like the connection between the work of the subsystems. According to
this theory employees are the important component of the firm and they contributes
towards the success of the business. Whereas, there are some other elements that
contributes to the growth of the company like the departments, business units, etc. So, it
is necessary for the organizations that all the departments or the units should work
collectively in order to optimize the best results.
3. Contingency Management Theory: The main concept of this theory is that there are
some external as well as internal factors that affect the activities and the management
approach of the organization. It includes three variables such as adopted technology, size
of the firm and style of leadership. According to this theory leaders should have flexible
nature so that they can be able to adapt the change as per the situation. For example-
Mark and Spenser and Amazon follows the principles of the contingency theory so that
they can easily and smoothly adapt the change environment and can also effectively
introduced the new and advanced technologies according to the changing preferences and
the demand of the customers(DOLAN, 2020) .
Tesco applies the contingency management theory to analysis the external as well as
internal factors that affect the functions of the organization. This theory facilitates the Tesco to
adopt the new and advanced technologies as per the demand of the market.
The situational leadership and the contingency management theories are helpful for the
Tesco as it facilitates increase in the efficiency and the productivity of the firm as well as the
employees. These theories also strengthen the values and the standards of the Tesco and assist
them through various new opportunities. It helps Tesco in order to achieve the goals and the
objectives and also leads the enterprise towards success. Through contingency management and
the situational leadership theories Tesco can be able to guide the right and proper path to the

leaders or the managers so that they can motivates the other team members for the growth and
development of the institution.
Leadership and management approaches
Leadership approaches- Following are some leadership styles in different organizations
1. Authoritarian- In this type of leadership style the main focus or the purpose of the leaders
is to impose the expectations and the desired outcomes or the results. Authoritative
leaders follows the policies and the procedures very strictly. This style can be applied by
the organizations where the managers or the leaders are knowledgable and experienced
and can be able to take the right decisions at the time of crisis situation(Eva and et.al.,
2021). For example the Tesco and Sainsbury follows the authoritarian leadership styles as
these organizations have more skilled and experienced managers.
2. Participative- These leaders allows the other team members to take part in the decision
making process and also allows them to share their ideas and the views openly. The
participative leaders are helpful in creating the commitment among the team members.
Most of the companies applied this leadership in order to guide the employees and make
them feel like the part of the decision as this will boost the confidence and the creativity
of the workers. For example the leaders of Tesco and Sainsbury applies the participative
style and allows the employees to share their feelings and ideas.
3. Delegative- In this type of leadership style the power of decision making is delegated in
the hands of group members instead of leaders but they take the responsibility of the
group decisions and actions. The delegative leaders provide required tools and resources
to the members of the group. It can be applied by those firms having the highly skilled
workers and also have the creative team members (Caruana, 2020).
4. Management approaches- There are various types of management styles that facilitates
the working of the organizations. They are as follows-
5. Visionary- It is also known as inspirational or strategic management style. The managers
in this type of style focuses on the overall vision of the business and also the goals of the
team members (González-Cruz, and et.al., 2019). These managers motivates or
encourage the members of the team and also guides them so that they can move forward
in the same direction. Most of the organizations like Tesco and Sainsbury managers

applies or adopt this management style in order to fulfil the mission and the objectives of
the business.
6. Transactional- This style includes rewards to the employees in the form of bonus,
incentives, etc. to improve the performance of the workers and also motivates them to do
the task with their full potential. Rewards boost the interest as well as the confidence of
the team members. Transactional managers focuses on the productivity and the efficiency
of the workers. Sainsbury and Tesco adapt this management style and tries to inspire the
employees so that they can work with 100% potential and contributes to the profit
percentage of the company(Owusu-Agyeman, 2021).
7. Pacesetting- According to this style its is the major responsibility of the manager to
provide the clear and proper instructions to the employees and also set the work pace and
then reinforce the workers to follow them. It includes the setting of the high standard or
the goals for the employees and encourage them to match these standards.
Factors that influence the development of the organizational culture
The culture of the organization is a collection of the expectations and the values that
explains the actions of all the members of the company. There are several factors that affect or
influence the growth and the development of the organizational culture. They are as follows-
Nature of the business: It is one of the important factor that gave impact on the culture of the
organization as many industries like financial services, banking sector, etc . are influenced by the
external factors such as the demand and the supply of the customers and their changing
preferences affect the earning of these companies so they have to terminate the employees that
gave a negative impact on the culture (Hai and Van, 2021). It also increases the dissatisfaction
among the workers regarding their career and growth.
Clients and the external parties: It also affect the work culture as the enterprises based in UK and
US have the different shifts so it is difficult for the clients to match the timing of these industries.
This will indirectly affect the culture of the organization as well as their productivity and
profitability of the firm(Hategan, and Hategan, 2021).
Leadership and management : Most of the organizations allows the members or the employees to
take part in the decision making process in order to get them involved in the management.
Leaders also tries or put efforts to motivate the team members so that they can work with interest

and should maintain the relations for long term. This will gave the positive impact on the
companies and ensures the growth and development of the work culture.
Slide 1

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Slide 5
• Rewards need to meet the basic needs that satisfy all employees in the organisation,
• Rewards must be comparative with the offers that are provided by the competitors
organisation in the same operating area.
• Rewards must be available to the people in the same positions and be distributed equability
and fairly.

Slide 6
Improving training and development methods: The training and development of the
employees plays an important role in the motivation of the employees. An effective training
method creates positive impact on the employees that lead to the increase in the motivation of
employees. The training and development of the employees in a simple and effective ways
develop knowledge and skills of the employees that improves efficiency in the job performance.
Training and development the employees create various impact on the organisation.

Slide 7
Engage the workers in the design process of performance management- It refers to engage the
employees in the process of performance management. So, Tesco involves or allows the
employees to share their views and opinions so that it facilitates the decision making process.
The firm take the help of the members in managing the performance is one of the best way or
manner to enhance the efficiency of the workers and also for the continuous improvement. Tesco
positively take the creative ideas and the opinions of the employees for the success of the
performance management. This will also help the organization to achieve the growth and
development of the various functions of the Tesco. Tesco also takes the interview of the workers
timely and also collate their feedback for the performance management.

Slide 8

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REFERENCES
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