Analysis of Management and Leadership Perspectives in Organizations

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Management and Leader Perspective

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Managers....................................................................................................................................4
Leaders.......................................................................................................................................5
Definition...................................................................................................................................5
Explain the characteristic and roles............................................................................................5
Autocratic...................................................................................................................................5
Democratic.................................................................................................................................5
Lease fair....................................................................................................................................6
Transformational Leadership.....................................................................................................6
Management Theories................................................................................................................6
Taylor Scientific approach.........................................................................................................6
Hanry Fayal 67...........................................................................................................................6
Hawthorne Studies.....................................................................................................................7
Leadership Theories...................................................................................................................8
Motivational Theories................................................................................................................9
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
Reference list............................................................................................................................11

Introduction
In the following study, it will be discussed about the marketing and leadership perspectives.
Organisational Environment refers to the forces that affect the company’s operations and
performances; it consists of 2 types external and internal environment. Management Science
refers to the study hat helps in understanding problem solving and decision making in
organisations. Behavioural Management helps in understanding human behaviour and
different human dimensions of work. Administrative Management helps in forming a
formal structure of the Organisation and proper division of work. Scientific Management
helps in analysing the workflow in an organisation, mainly on the labour productivity and
economic outcome.

Managers
A manager is the one who is assigned with certain work by the organisation, a small group of
people also works under him.
Roles and Characteristics of a manager:
 A manager should have an experience of dealing with people.
 A manager must be capable of having proper time management.
 A manager should be confident of his work.

Leaders
Definition
It is a way of leading a entire organisations to gain an giant profit in order to maintain a good
image and to establish a brand image in the market and its segments.
Explain the characteristic and roles
There are numbers of detailed set of characteristic and roles which one leader should be
follow in order to establish a good name in the market in order to establish their product They
are as follows-
 Highly Creative
 Trustworthy
 Credibility
 Authenticity
 Accountability
Autocratic
Autocratic Leadership is also known as authoritarian leadership, which means one person
controls all the decision and they takes very little inputs from the other group of members.
Autocratic leadership make choices or the decision, which based on their own beliefs they do
not involve other to take the decision (Teles, 2015).They basically involves absolute, and
authoritarian control over a particular group.
Democratic
Democratic leadership is also knows as participate Leadership which means members of the
group equally participate in the decision making process. This type of leadership can be
applied to any organisations such as in a school where the principle coordinate a meeting
along with their staffs. The main objectives of democratic leadership are to focus on groups
and the free flow of the ideas (De Hoogh et al., 2015).

Lease fair
In this type of leadership leaders tries to give a less guidance and achieve a less control
through obvious means. It also known as Delegative Leadership, so somehow the leadership
style has a low productivity value among the staff members. One of the examples of lease fair
leadership is the Panama Canal, which was the most aspiring project in history, which led by
the US president in 1904, mostly the drawbacks faced due to the geographic challenges and
accidents it completed its project in 1914.
Transformational Leadership
Transformational leadership is the leadership where leader work co-ordinately with teams
and they identify the needed change which helps to create a proper vision such as Amazon
UK based company follows a transformational leadership to maintain and keep a track over
the market
Management Theories
Taylor Scientific approach
F.W Taylor founded it in 1856-1915 who used to work in a Midvale steel works in
Philadelphia. Taylor defined scientific management as follows
It is a management consists of what the company or the management want their men to do, its
main objective is to improve the economic efficiency especially labour productivity. It is one
of the principle to apply the science and management process in order to achieve a goal
(Turan, 2015).
Hanry Fayal 67
Hanry Fayal was one of the eminent scientist who make the 14 basic principle of
management such as follow-
 Division Of Work
 Authority
 Discipline
 Unit of command
 Unit of direction

 Subordinates
Hawthorne Studies
This study helps in focusing on the managerial strategy by incorporation of socio-
psychological aspects on human behaviour. By applying this method Amazon can understand
the behaviour of its customers and its employees which will help them in prosper in their
field.

Leadership Theories
Situational
Amazon UK uses situational leadership style in which managers and supervisors fit their
approaches and behaviours in line with different organisational situations. The leaders
suppose to use telling and directing leadership style in which they make decisions by
informing employees and directing them to behave in a certain way (Antonakis and Day,
2017). The employees of Amazon exactly do the same as guided and directed by their
immediate supervisors. Leaders are highly involved in employees’ group work and closely
manage their work by providing adequate guidance.
Contingency
Contingency leadership theory involves adapting to a particular situation rather than
matching leadership style with different compatible situations. Amazon leaders have high
LPC score in which they have excellent personal skills and they prefer to make good
relationship with their supervisors. Such leaders are highly task-oriented and they prefer to
get the works done within time. Leaders having low LPC prioritise on goal achievements
through using positional and task power (Waring, 2016). This leadership behaviour is not so
effective due to lack of guidance and direction from leaders.

Motivational Theories
Maslow’s Theory
Abraham Maslow propagated the motivational theory or the hierarchy of needs theory in
1940. In the theory, he stated that every individual have 5 needs they are physiological needs,
social needs, safety needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. By implementing
Maslow’s theory Amazon will face benefits like they can understand human nature and their
demands properly. They can also understand what its employees and the customers are
demanding from the company (Stoyanov, 2017).
Herzberg’s Theory
According to this theory, there are various factors prevailing within the workplace
environment capable of motivating as well as de-motivating the workforce. The motivating
factors help the workers to put more effort in their job roles and work harder. On the other
hand, aspects such as lack of hygiene will de-motivate the employees, resulting in
inefficiency. This motivational factor can assist Amazon to identify the different factors
existing within its business environment that can motivate as well as de-motivate its staffs
(Alshmemri and Shahwan et al., 2017).
McGregor’s Theory
Popularly known as Theory X and Theory Y, it states two different concepts. According to the
theory X, the employees do not intend or like working and thus, attempts at escaping it
through different means. On the other hand, the theory y says that employees observe their
jobs to be normal and therefore, they put in full effort in their respective job postings. This
motivational theory can assist Amazon to implement various forms of human resource
management approaches, as well as promote employee motivation through different methods
(Lawter and Kopelman et al., 2015).

Conclusion
From the following study, it can be concluded that the various theories discussed here are
very vital and by implementing these theories, Amazon can earn a good business and a name
in the market and can acquire customer loyalty. They can also understand different types of
customer and employee behaviour.

Reference list
Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L. and Maude, P., 2017. Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Life
Science Journal, 14(5), pp.12-16.
Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L. and Maude, P., 2017. Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Life
Science Journal, 14(5), pp.12-16.
Antonakis, J. and Day, D.V. eds., 2017. The nature of leadership. Sage publications.
Bulto, L. and Markos, S., 2017. Effect of performance appraisal system on employee
motivation. Prestige International Journal of Management & IT-Sanchayan, 6(2), pp.25-36.
De Hoogh, A.H., Greer, L.L. and Den Hartog, D.N., 2015. Diabolical dictators or capable
commanders? An investigation of the differential effects of autocratic leadership on team
performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(5), pp.687-701.
Lawter, L., Kopelman, R.E. and Prottas, D.J., 2015. McGregor's theory X/Y and job
performance: A multilevel, multi-source analysis. Journal of managerial issues, pp.84-101.
Stoyanov, S., 2017. A theory of human motivation. Macat Library.
Teles, F., 2015. The distinctiveness of democratic political leadership. Political Studies
Review, 13(1), pp.22-36.
Waring, S.P., 2016. Taylorism transformed: Scientific management theory since 1945. UNC
Press Books.
Turan, H., 2015. Taylor's Scientific Management Principles": Contemporary Issues in
Personnel Selection Period. Journal of economics, business and management, 3(11),
pp.1102-1105