Leadership, Management Theories and Application in Organizations

This report discusses various leadership and management theories and their application in different organizations. It explores situational leadership, scientific management, bureaucracy theory, and open systems theory. The report also examines contingency management, behavioral theory, operational approach, decision theory, and communication center approach in relation to management and leadership activities. Different leadership and management styles such as democratic, autocratic, situational, participative, delegation, and authoritative are assessed for their application in business situations. Factors influencing organizational culture are examined, and a motivational strategy for optimal achievement of organizational objectives is proposed. The report concludes with recommendations for applying leadership and management theories to workplace circumstances, using River Island as a case study.

LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION....3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
P1 Discuss different theories of leadership in relation to the management activities in different
organisations...............................................................................................................................3
P2 Explore different theories of management in relation to the management and leadership
activities in different organisations.............................................................................................5
P3 Assess different leadership and management styles and their application in a range of
business situations in different organisations..............................................................................7
P4 Examine the factors that influence the development of the culture in organisations............8
P5 Produce a motivational strategy for an organisation that supports optimal achievement of
organisational objectives.............................................................................................................9
P6. Application of appropriate leadership and management theories to a range of workplace
circumstances............................................................................................................................11
RCOMENDATION.......................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Leadership and management is the process which helps upon increasing productivity of business
helping upon developing business with motive to earn profit through business activities
performed by business organization. Leaders within business leads upon increasing performance
of an organization within market. Through leadership business organization is able to provide
motivation to employees making growth possible for an business organization more effectively.
Through leadership employees are able to work in right direction making revenue generated
more effectively. Leaders are important part of an organization which makes business operate
within market successfully. Management means those aspects which helps business operations
conducted more effectively over various aspects related to business growth within right
direction. Management should be maintained more effectively in order to develop healthy
working environment for business. Both leadership and management plays important role for an
business organization making its development possible with right direction. Management and
leadership has wider scope in terms of making business conduct its activities more effectively.
Nature is dynamic which makes business improved with an better approach in particular
marketplace. In this organizations like river island that street fashion brand which has been
operating as per worldwide market and has its headquarters in London. The file is based upon
various kinds of theories which is based upon leadership and its management with activities in an
organization. There are various kinds of leadership activities and management over various kinds
of organizations. In the end various kinds of examples has been explained in relation to
organizational objectives.
MAIN BODY
P1 Discuss different theories of leadership in relation to the management activities in different
organisations.
Leadership is an important perspective which has been used in order to make various
kinds of aspects developed leads towards making an organization manage things more
effectively (Kauppila and Tempelaar, 2016). In order to makes organization attain stability
within market various kinds of managerial aspects is covered within business which makes
organization deal upon management aspects making business recover more effectively. In this
organization has been operating and managing various business activities required with effective

leadership that effectuate leadership and management style over gaining desirable perspective
within an organization. In order to achieved business perspectives and understand better
management functioning various aspects has been explained as follows:
Situational leadership theory:
The overall situation of leadership approach has been suggesting upon leaders over acting
in flexible way through developing appropriate leadership style which is related to particular
situation applying things particularly within an organization this makes importance achieved
with better outcomes (Kulkarni, 2016). Leaders does not breed upon developing capabilities
within an individual serving functions effectively. Through situational leadership theory leaders
of an organization is able to make business accomplish targets more effectively under various
kinds of situations that can harm organizations structure. Situation leadership has made attempt
over various kinds of leadership making larger situation occur more effectively. In relation over
River Island situational leadership style has been offering according to changes taking place with
desirable outcomes.
Scientific management theory:
Scientific management theory is know as application which is based upon engineering
science production floor. The respective theory is based upon improvement which is effectively
making individual within an organization. As per the theory main focus upon increasing
production through with intensive technology as humans are based upon increasing production as
humans are based upon handling risk more effectively which makes task completed in effective
way. The machinery is based upon developing work performance with production floor that is
quite different from others with repetitive nature. Through scientific management theory
technology is developed in order to handle risk making business accomplished more effectively.
In relation to River Island eliminate repetitive task use for understanding working methods
making competitive edge achieved more effectively. It makes its competitors stays ahead of an
organization working patterns making work done effectively in relation to market.
Bureaucracy theory of management:
Bureaucratic theory of management gas been developed by Max Weber that contains two
most essential perspective which is used over developing structures of an organization. This is
hierarchy with clearly defined goals and objectives over governing business activities in an
organization. Through developing various kinds of aspects in relation to make organization

develop with overall perspective. This is an important part of managing operations within an
organization. Through management theory of bureaucracy various aspects has been covered in
order to fulfil targets that has been used by an organization. It has lead upon developing
organizational structure and objective making organization achieve its targets more effectively.
In relation to River Island respective theory of management is able to use hierarchy of command
for communicating organization by sharing roles properly. This makes tasks and sub tasks
completed on time making finest product produced through it.
Open system to respond diverse business environment:
As an open system the important concept of an organizational analysis that makes
interaction possible with business environment making renewal and growth develop within an
organization (Mohiuddin, 2017). This helps upon improving competitiveness within marketplace
through such aspect business is able to grow more effectively. Further, the theory is based upon
making an organization develop various kinds of aspects which makes business develop in terms
of diversity shown within an organization. In relation to River Island management of inflows and
outflows are done by increasing potential within working environment. Through using the theory
various kinds of aspects has been developed in order ton make working environment more
effective in nature. The business objectives are achieved through having diverse workforce
making an organization develop wider perspective of business environment. Since innovation is
required within an organization which is developed by making workforce more vigilant which is
done by diversity obtained in an organization.
P2 Explore different theories of management in relation to the management and leadership
activities in different organisations.
Management and leadership is based upon various kinds of aspects which leads towards
development of organization more effectively. Through making organization attain objectives
within an organization. Management and leadership has been making various kinds of aspects
covered for an organization. In order to make sure that an organizations leaders is able toe make
better strategy developed within an organization. Leadership and management are able to work
for betterment of an organization making various aspects covered more effectively. In order to
make sure that both leaders and managers work by using various theories which is discussed as
follows:
Contingency management theory:

As per the approach there is one management theory which is suited over every business
organization, in relation to various internal and external factors affecting selection process within
an organization(Özduran and Tanova, 2017). This is based upon various kinds of aspects that is
related to size, technology being employed and leadership style which makes specification
developed over various situations. This makes performance aid over improving performance
within an organization and workforce as well making organizational development done more
effectively. In has been helping River Island through making both internal and external factors
making management done in effective way.
Behavioural Theory:
Behavioural theory has been playing more importance over various kinds of traits and
qualities of leaders making behaviour and action improved more effectively. This theory is based
upon managing behaviour conditions in more effective manner. The theory makes behavioural
aspect understood more effectively making business enhancement possible within various
aspects of business. Through behavioural perspective business has been improving its employees
behaviour towards an organization which makes business progress with better pace. In relation to
an organization like River Island behaviour has important role to play making organization
improved more effectively in effective way making its internal environment improved with
positive approach
Operational Approach:
The approach has helped in making management of activities done more effectively
based upon functions related to management. Management related upon making planning,
organizing staff, leading and controlling. The approach has been used by an organization like
River Island over managing operations over large scale. This is an important part which makes
business operations conducted with more effectiveness.
The Decision Theory Approach:
This is based upon decision making of management which is used in order to take
important decisions on time. Through this theoretical approach business is able to handle critical
situation within an organization. As per the approach decisions taken makes achievement
possible over those challenges which has been put before manager. It has been helping an
organization like River Island in bringing innovation over an organization that makes business

improved more effectively. Through taking such an important decision business is able to
achieve its goals and objectives within an organization.
The Communication Centre Approach:
The approach is related upon making communication performed more effectively that has
helped in making smooth circulation of information, In context of organization like River Island
communication should be strong making work done more effectively helping upon informing
about particular task more effectively.
P3 Assess different leadership and management styles and their application in a range of
business situations in different organisations.
The leadership and management are considered as key approaches which helps a business
entity to manage employees in a precise manner (Pielmuş, 2017). The leadership and
management styles also help a company to gain competitive growth at the marketplace. It is
major role of a business entity to develop best management and leadership styles in order to
manage all employees in a precise and systematic manner. The major leadership and
management styles which are used by a business entity are mentioned below:
 Democratic leadership- The democratic leadership style is considered as key approach in
managing employees. It is used widely in most of the business organisations in order to
manage employees with increased participation. The decision making of an organisation is
also facilitated by democratic leadership as it includes engagement of subordinate
employees.
 Autocratic leadership- In the functioning of a business, autocratic leadership is considered
as key approach in which a leader dominates the workplace. All the major companies at the
marketplace focus on development of crucial approach by taking into consideration.
 Situational leadership- The Situational leadership is considered as key approach which
helps a business entity to manage employees according to situation. In order to lead the
competition, it is essential for a company to develop effective approach through the
application of situational leadership. The main function of a company is to analyse the
employee participation in key situations which are helpful in overall development.
 Participative management style- The participative management style is most commonly
used management styles in the organisation. The participative management styles facilities
the development of a company by promoting employee development. In order increase the

participation of employees, it is essential to develop focused strategic and planning based
practices.
 Delegation management style- This approach is helpful in increasing business strength of
the company by taking assistance of delegation based management style (Schmitt, Den
Hartog and Belschak, 2016). This approach will help the company to develop effective and
crucial hierarchy which is important for business functioning. The delegation based
leadership style also helps in development of effective and efficient approach in
management of main business functions.
 Authoritative management style- The authoritative management style mainly focuses on
authoritative nature of performing business operations. In this management style people are
managed with authorities and their assessment in order to generate favourable outcomes.
The performance of employees is also increased with the help of this style and approach. In
the corporate world, it is essential for a company to take assistance of this management style
to gain competitive growth at the marketplace. In order to increase the overall potential of a
business, it is essential to take support of suitable management style. The companies at the
marketplace focus on this management style in order to achieve major goals and objectives.
P4 Examine the factors that influence the development of the culture in organisations
Leaders and mangers plays an crucial role in developing life-style inner businesses like
River Island through developing productivity of an enterprise which has helped in making
growth opportunities formed for the ones businesses. Leaders and manger has crucial role in
influencing life-style inner River Island that has been mentioned cussed below: Role of leaders in
River Island Leaders have drastic impact upon businesses life-style as they help in placing
agenda, prioritize work, manipulate jogging capacity with delegated legislation. Also they may
be chargeable for presenting vision, purpose, mentor-supply and notion to its employees through
education and development of competencies inner them. Leaders have crucial role in maintaining
tremendous life-style inner an enterprise like River Island through encouraging employees to
growth there productivity. Role of manager in River Island Managers have direct role upon
enterprise's life-style as they makes manipulate performed in extra effective manner. This is
crucial as managers via developing genuine communicate and better preference making which
makes all responsibilities completed inner time.

P5 Produce a motivational strategy for an organisation that supports optimal achievement of
organisational objectives.
In an organization motivation is an important perspective which has important role to
play within an organization helping in making outcomes achieved for employee more
effectively. In relation to River Island theories and principles is based upon motivating and team
working for opting making employees achieve productivity within there work by opting various
kinds of motivational theories which has been discussed as follows:
Adam's equity theory of motivation:
Respective theory of motivation is related upon social exchange stating about people
making them feel motivated while treating equality which is considered more effectively.
Through treating fairly means helping in making compression done by awarding and enacting
motivation within employees that makes best outcomes achieved by an organization (Szymura-
Tyc and Kucia, 2016). This makes contribution over amount of awards making directly enhance
motivating employee by making better outcomes achieved through increasing competition within
market. Motivation theory and practices has been making beneficial perspective achieved which
makes motivation developed within an organization helping in directing employees and
employer of an organization like River Island. This make motivation developed in relation to
particular aspects only.
Tuckman's theory of team building:
Respective concept of motivation is primarily based totally upon group constructing over
organization courting and attention upon assignment extra effectively. In order to make group
constructing feasible numerous varieties of stepd are accompanied which has been mentioned as
follows:
 Forming: In relation to degree improvement each business enterprise in group busy in
locating region over making information with position and responsibility.
 Storming: In respective degree of group contributors numerous varieties of locations that
has been used with a purpose to broaden demanding situations that has been taking region
over respective degree with position and paintings inside an business enterprise.
 Norming: In relation to this special degrees of group improvement associated upon
growing method making status quo carried out over guidelines and rules via way of
means of growing ability goals won with higher outcomes.

 Performing: In the degree of group improvement humans required to make attention
upon numerous assignment and group inside courting over gaining synergy positively.
For constructing the powerful sort of group it's miles very a great deal important to
supply the jobs and obligations to humans so that it will deliver one in every of their exceptional
efforts. It could be very a great deal important to apply powerful sort of management and control
fashion as in step with the scenario with a purpose to benefit the ability outcomes. In context of
River island they via way of means of carrying out the education and improvement allows in
profession increase of personnel and builds group spirit in them.
Maslow hierarchy theory of motivation
Maslow's proposed a motivation concept that primarily based totally on five tier of
human desires those are physiological desires, protection desires, social desires, shallowness
desires, and self-actualization desires (Tamta and Rao, 2017). A concept of human motivation is
suggesting that humans are inspired via way of means of gratifying their primary desires. The
version of hierarchy goes from backside to up.
 Physiological desires: This is the maximum foundation want of a human continuity
together with want of food, shelter, water, and clothing. In the absence of those
necessities a human frame can not characteristic properly. If someone receives all his
primary desires he receives inspired and this leads to growth productiveness and
profitability of a commercial enterprise business enterprise.
 Safety desires: This want of motivation comes after gratifying primary physiological
desires. If someone achieves all its primary want then he desires to accomplish protection
and safety want. Some of primary protection desires consist of fitness protection (towards
harm and any disease), finance protection, and activity protection.
 Social desires: This consist of care, acceptance, trust, friendship and connections. These
are vital to have found in a running surroundings due to the fact they may be useful for
decreasing the strain much less of an employee. Once a human attains its physiological
and protection want he attempt to hold appropriate members of the family in society.
 Self-esteem desires: Maslow divided this want into parts: inner want, because of this
that want for self (confidence, dignity, awards and achievements) and second is outside

desires that derive from status, prestige, and authority. Self-esteem desires play a
completely crucial position in motivating someone.
 Self-actualization desires: It refers to pleasure that someone receives after finishing a
assignment. It varies man or woman to man or woman and it may be gratifying via way
of means of special methods via way of means of getting talents tanning, persevered
education, undertaking lifestyles aim and standing upgrading. For reaching self-
actualization, someone receives education and profession steerage for reaching heights of
their lifestyles.
P6. Application of appropriate leadership and management theories to a range of workplace
circumstances.
Situation1: Low productivity of employees
The major issue or problem that has been raised within the business organization is that
what if employees and the working staff members are discouraged and demotivated within the
company or business in their working time (Thakre and Mayekar, 2016). It results in making
their working and productivity lower for the business organization. Mangers and leaders of the
team in the business organisation are required to use the proper and systematic approach in order
to deal with issues and problems which have been causing demonization to employees and staff
members towards the work and the different tasks that are performed and done by them. This
results in making organizational working and operating disturbed in a very drastic way.
Application of theory:
Through the situation it can be analysed that employee’s productivity and efficient
working within a business organization makes the leaders of the team use transactional theory
that make leadership for them to have and take rewards and punishments over the tasks and
actions that are taken by leaders of the team in the business organisation or the business entity.
Also leaders of the team are required over making organization to perform various different
activities and tasks that are of great use within an organization and also that results in greater
profitability ratios and other revenues. In relation to River Island, reward that are used are that
employees are being paid with higher and increased salary and promotions in business. Through
punishing them, it is likely to perform and doing of all given job making works and tasks that are
completed more effectively and with efficiency. This makes organization to punish its employee
in a way that issue and problem is solved effectively. Solutions in relation to this is that leaders