Leadership, Management, and Operations Analysis: Toyota Case Study

This report provides an in-depth analysis of leadership and management within Toyota's operations. It begins with an introduction to operations management and its significance, using Toyota as a case study. The report details the characteristics and roles of managers and leaders, comparing their similarities and differences. It explores various leadership theories, including transformational and classical management theories, and their relevance in different situations. The report also examines team-building and project management within Toyota. Furthermore, it delves into operation management approaches, emphasizing the roles of leaders and managers in maximizing efficiency. The report references situational, contingency, and system leadership theories. Overall, the report offers a comprehensive overview of how leadership and management principles are applied within Toyota to achieve its operational goals.

Management and
Operations

INTRODUCTION
Operation management is the activity that helps companies to manage their overall
resources which are dedicated to the production and delivery of products and services
effectively. Operation functions are the part of organisation and responsible for this activity.
Operation functions are very important part of every organisation in order to produce several
types of product or services. Operation management is the design and changes of production
management which makes the primary product or services such as marketing, finance for
different companies. It involves in various activities like organising, controlling, directing of
providing goods and services to all the customers in an appropriate way. For the better
understanding of this topic, Toyota has been chosen as an organisation that is Japanese
automotive company that supplying global vehicle or entity of manufacturing. It was formed in
1937 through Kiichiro Toyoda and headquartered in Toyota city, Aichi, Japan. Along with this,
report includes in different characteristics and roles of managers and leaders. Various approaches
of operation management with the appropriate concept and models will get covered. Lastly, it
will focus on the relationship of management and leadership in modern environment of business
(Boyd and Dougherty, 2016).
TASK 1
P1.Various characteristics and roles of a manager and leader.
According to present scenario, leaders and managers are very crucial part of every
organisation. That's why they perform their different roles in an appropriate manner. With the
help of this their performance they assured the development and profit of business organisation.
Leaders: Leaders have responsibility for encourage team members in a effective way in
order to attain the objectives and target. Leaders have the ability to accomplish company's goals
in a perfect way and inspired so many employees with in the organisation. In regards with the
Toyota, leaders build strong relations to their team members with positive attitude. They also
ensures for the completion of work timely in order to gain achievements for future. Therefore,
leaders are very important part of the organisation who always complete their task before given
period of time (Ellitan, 2017).
Roles & Characteristics of a Leader in Toyota
Roles Characteristics
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Leaders are the most important tool of
company that plays an effective role as they
assign task to their each employee for
gaining goals and vision of the company.
Leaders have the duty of ensuring all the
aspects of safety, quality, productivity and
cost reduction are fulfilled.
Leaders of Toyota are very honest towards
their work so that they can influence other
team members in order follow loyalty within
the work of an organisation.
Leaders of Toyota develop a good vision in
order to achieve profitability through leading
their team members or employees in a
particular way for future development of an
organisation (Eraki, 2015).
They have good communication skills which
is very helpful for maintaining the team work
with good attitude.
Managers: He is an individual who is interested about the specific group of members
with specific work or definite set of an organisation. Manager has duty to control business or
overall performance of business functions within an organization. It manage resources and
generate creative culture in the company. In regards with Toyota, manager is the only one who
follow manually instructions from higher authority of management in order to assign task or
activities to their employees in the form of achieving goals and objectives. That's why managers
are the crucial value of an organisation.
Roles & Characteristics of a manager in Toyota
Roles Characteristics
In Toyota managers are the first source of
business who always consider the
maximisation of growth globally. Along
with this, they are also responsible for all
aspects in order to attain goals effectively.
Managers of Toyota are more creative so by
this character they influenced other people in
order to make innovative strategy within the
company.
Managers in Toyota focuses on their
responsibilities like managing team
In this company, managers are very
knowledgeable which is necessary for
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members or group of members in a one
form (Fan, Liu and Zhang, 2015).
company according to the business concern.
They always make several services or good
product line of the company.
On the behalf of good knowledge manager can
easily focus on their employees in a perfect
way.
Similarities between leaders and managers:
 leaders and managers work collectively for achieving similar target or objectives for
future growth of an organisation.
 Leaders or managers plays sort of similar role to increase the employee's confidence and
ensures about timely attaining goals or objectives in a effective way (Han and et. al.,
2017).
Comparison between Managers and Leader of Toyota
Basis of Differentiation Leaders Managers
Behavioural characteristics
According to Toyota leaders
generally focus on the
motivation strategy which helps
to motivate team members and
increases the high assurance to
lead the team members.
Managers always focuses on
the good behaviour of
employees in which they also
determine the person's
behaviours in organisation.
Subordinates
Leaders have lot followers as
the subordinate in the enterprise.
Managers of Toyota have
various employees as
subordinates.
Authority and power
Leaders has the power in order
to increase the productivity of
employees and lead their team
timely in the completion of task.
Management has authority to
assign the work for
employees also controls
business activities.
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Therefore, in Toyota managers and leaders follows different approaches in order to stay
long within the organisation, which are given below:
Transformational theory of leadership:
It is always centring on leaders that how they can make valuable and positive changes in
their employees in company. According to this Toyota has good leaders, gives assurance that
activity of team members can be impacted by commitment and leadership about their work.
That's why it is essential theory for company in order to attain goals (Idris, 2016).
Classical theory of Management:
This is a theory of ideology according to this, managers needed increasing skills for the
profit of an organisation. For this, in Toyota managers concentrate on the meeting for structural
demand of employees in order to motivate them towards practical skills in a effective style. It
process is finished by the optimum judgement of policies which secure the higher profits for
company.
TASK 2
P2. How roles of managers and leaders relevant in various situations context
This is a huge leading dealer that supply their services in various region like cars, trucks
etc. and operates their enterprise actions at global market. In Toyota organization, it's necessary
to create enterprise schemes according the competing enterprises environment. According to this,
leaders and managers have to implements on their obligations for attaining particular target and
goals in an appropriate manner (Ma and Sun, 2012). According to Toyota company leaders do
their different role like scheme for projects, focus on employees work and so on. Toyota
modified their applications and strategies according to business concern. Whereas, Leaders of
Toyota trains group of members to learn different idea and adopt alteration like new practical
applications, motivated worker in order to increase ability or achieve structural goals. Apart from
this, managers or leaders have purpose for development of business at higher level. That's why
they handle all easy and tough situations in the environment. Therefore, Toyota declared some
points to the new functions, those are given beneath:
Team-building
It is the tough project of an organisation because it involves in different people in the
culture of company. As per this, Leadership style of this company follow autocratic styles of
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leadership for creating their manpower to work on the behalf of team members. On the other
side, managers always directly focusing their employees that is very helpful for increasing their
working level in the business environment. Apart from this, managers or leaders in Toyota
always wants to develop faith towards the workers, which is important for making the healthy
and good environment in a business entity. These practices through leaders or managers of
Toyota that helps the organisation in order to achieve systematic objectives appropriately. Team
building practices makes company to motivate and innovate or creative thinking towards the
employees work and also helpful for them in achieving targeted goals in a specified manner.
Project management
It occurrence of various concern of business is completed with the performance of task
in an appropriate mode (Nayak, 2015). In context of Toyota, leaders and managers have duty for
evaluating their performance of employees and also offer them training sessions in order to
enhance their working efficiency and knowledge as well. Another hand, role of managers and
leader is to offer decent guidelines to their assistants and team members, which is effective in
order to make competitive business environment. This is too reasoned the difficulties in an
organisation as it is necessary to select effectual business strategy and tools. Additionally, it is
crucial for Toyota to use resources properly and direct or manage their business activities in a
particular time frame. It is also essential for the managers of selected organisation to allocate
function and obligation to their employees according to their working ability level.
P3. Applying several theories and models of approach
Leadership is a activity and a process that consider as a large number a team members
within the organisation in order to check their capacity or ability of performance. This is also
involves in forming a correct vision and offers the proper data, cognition and various play-acting
to realize that correct vision with other employees so that they can easily perform (Situational
Leadership, 2019). In Toyota this process is mainly followed by leaders of company in order to
keep team unity of their employees at higher level and also focused on the total evolution and
encouragement. There are some leadership formulation which are followed in the company, are
as follow:
Situational leadership:
This approach is place in to the unit when the leaders or managers of Toyota have change
their techniques or style which fix the process steady of people and able to determinant. It is
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necessary and primary belief of social control that gives coordinate in to all the feature of
leadership ability and is partiality to no individual leaders activity approach.
Contingency leadership theory:
This explanation focusing on the leaders and understand their condition as well by which
leaders can interact with others. Contingency leadership conceptualization is utilized when
acquirement and knowledge of leader is good which helps to motivate the employees in Toyota.
This approach is the combination of twofold process where skills or knowledge of leaders have
been identified.
System leadership theory:
It is a approach is very helpful for leaders and managers of Toyota in order to provide a
flourishing and graceful surroundings. This approach generally followed during the time of
making modifications in their argumentation which is going to be help in managing the
productivity of company. It is also utilized for increasing the manufacture procedure in Toyota,
so that this organization can easily attain the goals and objectives (Plesser and et. al., 2014).
Therefore, leaders and managers has their particular roles and responsibilities which is
required to complete in order to demeanour business action. Furthermore, in this concept there
are more approaches which is also helpful for the company in order to achieve targeted goals or
objectives in a particular time frame.
TASK 3
P4. Operations management approaches and role played by leaders and managers.
Operation direction is a procedure that began from the acquisition of underdone
substantial and continues till its convert in to end goods. It is used for management practice that
concentrate on high removal of wastage and best usage of different origin. The main purpose of
this approach is to maximise the operation ratio of Toyota. As per this, operation administration
conformity in a proper record in between the attained revenue or cost which is established
through the company.
Their are two leading functional activities of industries and transportation system that are as
follow:
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Production: It is a function and activity of associate organisation which is run with the
combination of raw materials and their conversion in to end goods. Therefore, it is primary
action for business organisations.
Transportation: According to this goods are produced and able to sent from one
location to another location which process is known as transformational of goods. It has also
other function in Toyota, which gives assurance the manufactured vehicles through the company
that reaches to customers timely in an effective manner.
Their are different formulation which is continue utilized inside the trading operations
management that are given below:
Six Sigma:
This is also known as statistical formulation that is commonly utilized in company for
reducing the errors from product and services. Six sigma usually assist managers and leaders of
Toyota in the process of maximisation the on the job employees level into the organisation
scenario. That's why it is easy for the company to attain desired goals or objectives in a specific
time. This approach develops the numerous statistical tools to minimize the wrongness between
demand and output of the manufacturing (Tristancho and Gutiérrez, 2012).
This is common approach which is used in Toyota, in order to analyse the performance of
team members and find out errors. This approach is classified in to two types that is DMAIC and
DMADV. This is also considered the management of Toyota in order to evaluate the current
performance of employees on the basis of improvements in quality standard.
Just in time approach:
This is a very necessary approach which can be utilised through lot of companies in order
to destruct the hold reason in the process of manufacturing of materials and activity of
production process for changing the materials in to end goods. It is commonly used by managers
and leaders of Toyota to carry ahead stock list management effectively. This method is also used
lean methodology for maximization of employees action level or profitability of an organisation.
This approach is always determine the reduction of cost related with stock management and
remove aged stocks.
Total Quality Management:
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It can be used by any organisation for managing company resources and better products
quality during the time of delivering goods. As per the Toyota TQM helps the company in order
to maximise the consumers trust towards the brand identity for long time period. It is the
approach which usually requires full hard work from all of the employees in a groups form
(Wang and Abareshi, 2015). That's why wastage can be reduced and consumers can get high
quality of products. Therefore, it is important approach because, this develop good environment
in company by encouraging operational features around the business industries.
Role played by leaders: Leaders plays a vital role as they motivate their team members at various
levels, functions, activities in different departments with in the company in order to utilisation of
new tools and techniques in an appropriate manner.
Role played by Managers: In every firm, few roles are played by the manager. In regards with
Toyota, managers plays an important role in order to support manage the path of employee
action for analysing the divisions in the actual or desirable output. That's why managers of this
company prepare different policies for maximisation goodwill for company (Wen-chao, Fan and
Wen-wen, 2012).
P5. Significance of management operations to achieve objectives of business.
This is the very well known process for operation management that prepare various
management activities. These activities are includes in planning, directing, controlling, managing
and monitoring. In context of Toyota, their objectives is based on operation managers that
ensures about higher attributes of particular services and goods that generally prepare for
customers and they can easily achieve. Significance of operation management, those are given at
a lower place:
Cost reduction: This is very important because its behave as a effective technique or tool
in order to find the cost regarding decrease material in Toyota company. As per this, manager
has to search innovative or various structure to minimise the cost of operation and enhance the
better products quality. Whereas, leaders of company encourage their team members so that they
can finish their work within the given period of time. By which they can work accordingly on the
behalf of different training and development programmes within the respective organization.
Increasing overall productivity: It is always enhance the overall firm's productivity
everyday. As per this leaders and managers in Toyota concentrate on various key points by
which very helpful for employees towards the task in order to accomplish the work before time
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in an appropriate manner. Objectives are the main thing which reflects on different activities that
gives output in enhancing the productivity of employees within the organisation. On the other
sides leaders also plays necessary role in order to generate good culture within the company so
that all workers or group members can easily enhance working level with specificified manner
(Williams, 2015).
TASK 4
P6. Components of business environment affect management operation and managers and
leaders and their decision making.
Environment of business is the collection of different external and internal factors. In an
organisation, the process of decision making of managers or leaders influenced through various
cause such as customers, competitors, employees, technology and many more. Some of the
internal as well as external factors are as follows:
Internal Factors
Those factors refers to few components that can rise into the business organisation.
Various internal factors affects the working culture or environment of a business enterprise.
Some of the major internal factors are as discussed below:-
Owners (Shareholders): Shareholders are also known as owners of organisation, as they
are the person who have made investments in organisation so that they can attain some profit
share in profits made by company. In the present way Toyota, in this managers of this company
are accountable in formulating policies and rules for team members. But some times manager
and leaders are able to take decision that can be attractive and influencing, more and more people
influence to buy shares of the company. As a result company can grow and increase its
profitability at the competitive marketplace (XIANG, Chen and Zhang, 2013).
Human resources: HRM is a priceless liability for the company, as they help in overall
development and earnings increase of an organization. Some times it can be develop negative or
positive impact that mainly based upon person knowledge and skills and commitment towards
working position. In Toyota, managers are accountable for recruiting those employees who are
capable of carrying out their business activities in an appropriate manner. As a result, in a
dynamic business environment company gain competitive advantage. In order to gain targeted
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