Reflective Report: Leadership Management of Mega Projects in Sri Lanka

This reflective report examines the leadership and management aspects of the mega project for transforming Sri Lanka into a global center, specifically focusing on the Port City project. The report delves into the project's financial and non-financial perspectives, analyzing the involvement of Chinese organizations and the economic impact on Sri Lanka. It critically appraises the project's scale, nature, and associated project management practices. The report also addresses the challenges, sustainability considerations, corporate social responsibility, and ethical aspects across the project lifecycle. The student provides their personal reflections on the project's advantages and potential issues, offering insights into the complexities of mega-project management and its impact on the country's development. The report analyzes the financial investments, urban development, and non-financial perspectives, including support programs for affected communities.

Running head: REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
Reflective Report on Leadership
Management of Mega and Complex Projects
Chosen Project: Mega project for Transforming Sri Lanka into a Global Centre by
Transforming the Port City
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Critical appraisal for the concept of the Mega project for Transforming Sri Lanka into a
World Class country by developing the Port City.................................................................3
The Financial and Non-Financial perspectives..................................................................3
Consideration about the scale.............................................................................................6
Nature and paradox of the project......................................................................................7
Assess the project management practices associated with the Mega project for
Transforming Sri Lanka into a Global Centre........................................................................8
Critical analysis about the challenges in the Mega project for Transforming Sri Lanka into
a Global Centre......................................................................................................................9
Considering the aspects of sustainability...........................................................................9
Considering the aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility.............................................9
Considering the aspects of Ethics across the lifecycle of the project................................9
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................12

2REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
Introduction
The new Government that has been established in the country of Sri Lanka is
currently has been focusing on changing the face of the entire country as per the development
of the country is considered. The transformation of the country in this aspect of construction
is currently being focused at as Sri Lanka is still considered to be a developing country
(Athapaththu and Karunasena 2018). The growth of the country is dependent on the several
challenges that is looked upon at with the development of the construction sector at a much
bigger level, like the establishment of the mega projects to make Sri Lanka enjoy the benefits
of all the physical developments that have been made to make the country appear better than
ever. At the same time, it has been found that the country is looking forward to these
developments by the mega projects to make it as beautiful with lesser efforts to maintain the
adjacent features in the constructional area as well (Dias et al. 2016). The way of
constructing has evolved in such a way that the human activities in the day to day lives of an
individual has been developed into the easiest and most effortless aspect with the influence of
technology in construction (Silva et al. 2015). This is why, the government in Sri Lanka has
been trying to implement the Mega project by which the entire country would be transformed
into a Global Centre by its digital and physical transformation by transforming the Port City.
The project has been funded and managed by China Communications Construction Company
(CCCC), and the China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC). This aspect is just not
regarded as the way by which the constructional aspect of the country is going to be
transformed but, the mega project would also consider the changes to be occurring in the
form of the constructional changes including technological aspects, like transforming the Port
City. I would like to present this reflective report identifying the ways by which the mega
projects are being handled for the transformation of the Port City for the understanding of the
various aspects of the development of the mega project as well as providing my personal
reflection on the advantages and issues about the mega project according to my personal
understanding about the construction of the Port City. The reflective report would have my
personal views on the development of the mega project and I would present my personal
views on how the entire project funded by China Communications Construction Company
(CCCC), and the China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC) would have a possible
outcome according to the procedures followed for the building of the mega project and the
principles to consider

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Critical appraisal for the concept of the Mega project for Transforming Sri Lanka into
a World Class country by developing the Port City
The Port City in Colombo, Sri Lanka is regarded as the primary financial zone in the
country which also facilitates the infusion of the international financial areas as well. I found
out that this area is extremely important to the country as well as various neighbouring
countries like China, India and others that frequently indulges in business activities with Sri
Lanka. This is why, the Chinese and the Indian organizations both wanted to house for the
financial needs for the development of the mega project so that the development would just
not affect the development of the country but would also enhance the different aspects of the
South East Asian countries considering the beautification, the economical and the non-
financial perspectives of the area. I would also present my perspectives on these perspectives
along with the nature and paradox of the project in the next section.
The Financial and Non-Financial perspectives
Behind the development of the Port City and the organizations of China financing it,
there are various concepts that I have notices. These concepts have also represented the ways
by which the development has considered the inclusion of the basic beautification of the bay
area in Sri Lanka as well as the separate ways by which the economic functionality of the
system can also be enhanced. This is to specify that the mega project has been not only
funded by the organization to make sure that the perspectives of the Chinese organization to
enhance the south-east Asian countries and their beautification, but there are other
specifications concerning the economic background of the country behind the development as
well. I understand that there are various reasons for which the Chinese organizations might
find it beneficial for the economic development of the country, where at the same time, there
are other goals that might be present for the organization behind funding the Mega Project.
Following, I would like to present the financial and the non-financial perspectives behind the
development of the Mega Project for the construction and development of the Port City:
Financial Perspectives: The Chinese organizations of China Communications
Construction Company (CCCC) and the China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC) have
invested a huge sum of amount, almost about 1.5 billion equivalent USD for the Mega
Project for the development of the Port City in Colombo under the initiative of One Belt One
Road (Weerakoon and Jayasuriya 2019). This project has been declared as a Mega Project
only for the reason that Sri Lanka was still a developing country and creating such a project

4REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
at this large scale would not be able to be completed by the country and the government
funds given the scale of the project. There are other reasons related to the financial
development of the country as well. According to the plan that has been proposed by the
funding organizations and the government of Sri Lanka, I believe that it would just not
economically enhance the different aspects of the employees working for the Mega Project,
the stakeholders and the end product user of the Port City plan, but it would also help in the
enhancement of the developing country of Sri Lanka to be established as an economically
stronger country than other developing ones and would also enhance Colombo City as an
International Financial City.
Other than that, I believe, the development of the city by a mega project would not
only enhance on the development of the city or the country but the associated people as well.
This is why, I have analyzed how the project is helping the people involved with the project
for the enhancement of the employees involved with the project as well. The total mega
project and its revenue calculation needed to be justified for this case as well, and by this, I
have found out that for the financial year ending December 2017, CCCC recorded a revenue
of 79.4 billion USD equivalent with total assets of 183 billion USD equivalent. With this
project, the organization of CCCC was ranked 91st among Fortune 500 companies in 2018
and ranked 3rd on ENR Top International Contractor in 2018. Therefore, the project was
indeed looking forward towards the mega project as it could have raised the financial
condition of the country as a whole.
Other than the financial aspects, there were extreme involvement of humanitarian
prospects as well. The non-financial prospects and aspects of the issue in this case would be
provided in the next section:
Non-financial Perspectives: The urban development of the mega project has been
one of the financial perspectives of the entire development behind the port city, but it also
needs to be kept in mind that the total development of the country would not only benefit the
organization financially but also helps the country in the broader prospects and helps in
acquiring a better objective for the country. Sri Lanka has always been identified as a
developing country rather than a developed country and therefore, the mega project
development should be done in such a larger scale that the entire country would be benefitted,
not just the area that is under the construction. However, this is entirely my own perspective
and I would like to inform that I have found this exact same implementation in case of the

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Port City mega project development. Since, Sri Lanka was not financially strong enough to
house such a huge project, the organizations from China sponsored the prospects. I know that
a mega project is much different than a normal project and occurs at huge dimensions with
their outcome and affect on the most possible number of members; therefore, I understand
China’s intension behind financing the mega project. I do not chide China by stating the fact
that this could be a good opportunity to have grounds in the Sri Lankan market and this has
been the driving motive. Instead, I would state this as somewhat a philanthropic view on
sponsoring such a huge project, understanding that this would not be just another way by
which the market acquisition can be achieved. Therefore, this can be considered as one of the
major non-financial factors or perspectives that could be focused on behind the project.
I also understand that housing a mega project about such a large-scale development
would also make Sri Lanka be part of one of the most advanced countries in the world map.
The development and recognition of the country would also help the development of the
internal structure of the country, other than the enhancement of the beautification of the
external view. As a developing country, the urban development of the country is extremely
necessary and so there has been the development of this mega project.
In addition to that, there has been a support programme for the fishermen as well
based on the Port City development. The agreement that was legally made between the
sponsors, the executives and the team behind the Mega Project were all bound to have the
responsibility for the funding of the support programme for the fishermen over the area where
the construction would most probably hamper their day to day individual business operation.
Maybe, the financial perspective behind this added to the humanitarian grounds as well. This
has helped in the identifying the non-financial prospects as well. There were other prospects
of the Mega Project as well that were non-financial in nature. It was easy to identify that
since it is a Mega Project, the area in which the construction was about to happen would be
highly affected at the coverage was over 270 acres of land for the construction project and
there would also be the involvement of over 4,000 Sri Lankan citizen that were to be affected
by the outcomes of the project. Understanding this fact has made it easier to establish how the
working structure of the project with the construction of the Port City would affect the land
altogether. I also found out that the identification of the affected area had a huge input of
business prospects that added to the Sri Lankan economy. Not being able to understand the
responsibility of the Mega Project executives could have damaged the entire economy of the

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country. This is why, the organizations sponsoring the project came under contract with the
government to agree to financially support the systems that would otherwise be affected as
well.
This is why, I found out about another agreement that was made between the
government and the sponsors. Which included the verifying of the transport facilities and the
infrastructure of the Sri Lankan areas in which the construction was done. The agreement was
made under the investments to be made by the sponsors about the roads and the utility
facilities with the involvement of the reclaimed area where it was evident that the transport
would be haltered. In addition, there was another involvement of the reclaimed area where
the agreement also included that the probability of the damage would also be maintained. In
the original agreement, it was found that an Estate Management Company or EMC was
owned totally by GOSL and they would bear the maintenance and repairing in the adjacent
areas as per the requirements. For this operation, if any investor would be considered, it
would have the involvement of the Chinese organizations that have been responsible behind
the funding of the Port City development project. This is why the mega project is also
regarded as the Goodwill Project that is to ensure the involvement of the Sri Lankan
President and the Prime Minister of China.
Consideration about the scale
As I have also stated the facts that the project was not a general project. It has already
been identified as a Mega Project. It is already a known fact that the concept of Mega
Projects is not constrained only to the development of a single process or a small
construction. The scale of a Mega Project is extremely elevated since the involvement of
every project constraint is huge in every aspect. A Mega Project is declared by the multi-level
approach that is has and the huge prospect that it works on. The mega projects mostly are the
larger-scaled programs that are identified as the most important ones for both the projects and
the areas in which the projects are located in. Sometimes, the focus is at such a larger scale
that there has not just been any involvement of the areas and the associated people for the
project but also for the entire country in which the construction would be set in. The focus to
the complexity of the infrastructure is also dependent on the declaration of the scale. This is
why, I would like to state the fact that the project is a largely affective one to the country of
Sri Lanka and also the ways by which the economy of the project affects the economic state
of the country as well. The multi-billion-dollar project that has been regarded as one of the

7REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
primary ambitions of China for constructing the Port City bay is one of the most important
aspect to determine the scale of the project.
I have found out that the project was entirely build up from the aspect of the Chinese
government who invested almost over 1.5 billion USD worth of money for the project. This
makes it easier to understand that the project is not at all a probable idea to develop just a
single unit of the city but the construction is going to affect a huge area of the city that has the
potential to further affect the total population and economic system of the country as well.
Since, Sri Lanka is a still developing country, there is a huge possibility that these effects
would be multiplied to have a harsher effect on the country. I believe, the effect of the project
being a failure or a success has the ability to affect a huge amount of people and area in the
country further multiplying the effect as Sri Lanka does not have proper economy or
infrastructure of coping up with the failure either. The amount of money involved is indeed a
factor for declaring the project as a mega project. The reclamation of the sea area was also
involved in this factor where the Port City construction has been found to be covering an area
over 270 acres of land, that also includes the affect that would be laid on the individual or
organized business of the area, further affecting the economy of the country. Therefore, this
provides a much important understanding of the entire project to identify that the scale of the
project is huge. The impact being on the entire country, the huge amount of money invested
by the Chinese organizations, the large area of land coverage and the extensive outcome of
the project makes it easy for me to identify this project as a Mega Project. In addition, the
total time taken for the entire project was over 25 months. Therefore, the project is an
extremely larger scaled one considering it to be a Mega Project.
Nature and paradox of the project
As per my understanding of the entire project and it dependent on the design of the
project where the project happens to be providing the outcome by the execution, control,
monitoring and the design of the project. As per my understandings, the nature of the project
in this case is dependent on the varied amount of the execution that has been provided to the
different aspects of the areas of Sri Lanka. In my understanding, this is an Integrative Nature
that I have seen in the project as the temporary endeavour has been taken to have a total
involvement in creating something new that was not taken up by the government of Sri Lanka
at all because of the amount of money and impact it would have the entire country as a
whole.

8REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
On the other hand, the paradox of a project is stated by the ways in which any project
plans to delivers a certain plan which forms the baseline of the project, but it fails in
delivering the same. In this project as well, I have identified that there indeed lies a paradox.
This is identified as the ways by which the intensions of the Chinese organizations were not
identified before. I have come across the idea of the organizations where initially they were
delivering their helping hand in the form of monetary transactions with the implementations
of the plan for the Port City bay construction with monetary inputs, but there were still no
identification of the intentions of the Chinese organizations as they wanted their share off the
Sri Lankan market. This is why the paradox of the project has been stated since the
identification of the proper intention of the Chinese organizations were not identified till the
project was completed. This resulted in a conflict between the Chinese and the Sri Lankan
government.
Assess the project management practices associated with the Mega project for
Transforming Sri Lanka into a Global Centre
The transformation of the Port City area in Colombo was focused on the
transformation of the entire area which has been identified to be the most ambitious mega
project that is dependent on the mega project practices. For this project, the practices that
were applied and that I have identified can be listed as below:
 The project was first diagnosed about the huge complexity that the project
would have and that referred to the development of the project complexity
model.
 Furthermore, I also found out that the competent leaders that were used for the
project had their complexity profile checked out before they applied for the
identification of the project complexity.
 Then, the project approach was selected to understand how the profile for the
construction would be complex enough to provide a proper solution in
reducing the complexity in the most economic way possible, adhering to all
the contracts that has been set between the governments of both the countries.
 The total focus is dependent on the management of the complexity to identify
what to present as the deliverables for the project.

9REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
Critical analysis about the challenges in the Mega project for Transforming Sri Lanka
into a Global Centre
The challenges that were critically analysed by me about the mega project for the
transformation of Sri Lanka, I identified that the major challenges were about the claims that
China and the organization of China Communications Construction Company (CCCC), and
the China Harbour Engineering Company (CHEC) had on the Port City bay. They had
claimed that the Silk Road Economic Belt and the area under construction be developed by
the completion of the project to the Chinese government, which was not at all agreed to by
any contract. Since, the proposed plan in 2013 had presented the multi-billion-dollar project
financed by the Chinese organizations, there had been a major issue about violating contracts,
resulting into rifts between the governments.
Considering the aspects of sustainability
The sustainability of the project was assured by the Chinese organizations and since it
was a mega budget construction project, the sustainability was taken care of. The
sustainability had to be maintained in this case, as failing of the project would result into the
economic disaster of both the countries as it was a multibillion-dollar project.
Considering the aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility
As far as my concern about projects delivering their own outcomes, the Corporate
Social Responsibility should also be taken care of to help the provision of taking care of all
the collateral damages that have been made by the project. It needs to be mentioned here that
since the project is a mega project, the affected area by the outcome of the project would also
be huge. The affected area would be the market and the individual business of the area that
would be considered as the area under collateral damage. The agreement that was made
between both the governments have declared that the Chinese organizations would take care
of the area, the market and the individuals in the entire country but especially focusing on the
affected area that would be considered as a collateral damage for the organization. Therefore,
this is why Corporate Social Responsibility is considered in this case.
Considering the aspects of Ethics across the lifecycle of the project
The ethical aspect was not maintained in this case, as there had been situations where
I have identified in this project that the involvement of the Chinese organizations of China
Communications Construction Company (CCCC), and the China Harbour Engineering
Company (CHEC) were not only dependent on the humanitarian grounds but also wanted to

10REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
acquire the market area of the Sri Lankan bay area. This was not identified to be the initial
requirement of the Chinese Government, and this has initiated a huge rift between the
governments of both the areas. The identification of the number of people involved, the
identification of the time and money involved made me understand how a construction mega
project operates and how the issues occurring in such large-scale projects are handled.
Conclusion
Therefore, in conclusion, I would like to state the facts that there are various aspects
that I have understood about the implementations and completion of the Mega Project behind
the construction of the Port city bay in Sri Lanka, sponsored by the Chinese Organizations
China Communications Construction Company (CCCC), and the China Harbour Engineering
Company (CHEC). The project was also managed well by these organizations and has been
declared as one of the primary mega projects that had the probability of shaping up of the
entire country as a whole. I have presented my reflection of the entire project by critically
analysing all the aspects of the project. This analysis has made me understood that a project is
far more different than a mega project based on a huge variety of critical systems and criteria.
One of the major criteria that I have specified in the above reflective report is about the
financial and non-financial perspectives of the entire project. I have successfully identified
that the analysis of scale and nature of any project also can decide the effect of a project
depending on the size of the project. With this, I gained insights on how a project is
dependent on these factors to decide whether a project is small or mega. The analysis of the
Port City bay construction project made me understand that a project of such a huge scale like
this might also have discrepancies that are identified by the paradox of the project. I have
identified in this project that the involvement of the Chinese organizations of China
Communications Construction Company (CCCC), and the China Harbour Engineering
Company (CHEC) were not only dependent on the humanitarian grounds but also wanted to
acquire the market area of the Sri Lankan bay area. This was not identified to be the initial
requirement of the Chinese Government, and this has initiated a huge rift between the
governments of both the areas. The identification of the number of people involved, the
identification of the time and money involved made me understand how a construction mega
project operates and how the issues occurring in such large-scale projects are handled.
However, it is still a very complex issue to be determined about the mega project as it also
has several other aspects to serve as well. There is involvement of Corporate Social

11REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
Responsibility behind the entire project as well as the involvement of ethical and legal issues
as well, that the project needs to serve. I have understood what the project has done, with a
critical analysis of what could have been theoretically correct and how could the issues be
definitely eliminated given the huge scale of the project and its total impact on not just Sri
Lanka but both the countries.

12REFLECTIVE REPORT ON LEADERSHIP
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