This report provides an in-depth analysis of leadership approaches and their effectiveness within the multicultural workplace of Marks and Spencer (M&S), a prominent British retail firm. The introduction sets the context by highlighting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses and the importance of human resource management and technological advancements. The main body of the report delves into different leadership approaches, including trait leadership, situational leadership (contingency and situational leadership theory), and transformational leadership. It evaluates their applicability and effectiveness in managing M&S's diverse workforce, considering factors such as emotional intelligence, empathy, task structure, and employee motivation. The report also explores organizational responsibility and responsible leadership, along with the relationship between business, government, and civil society, focusing on corporate social responsibility and social media approaches within M&S. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and emphasizes the significance of effective leadership in navigating the challenges of a dynamic business environment. The report highlights how M&S can leverage different leadership styles to manage its diverse workforce effectively, especially during uncertain times.