Leadership and Management Roles, Theories, and Operational Approaches

This report delves into the core concepts of leadership and management, examining the distinct roles of leaders and managers within organizations, with a specific focus on Amazon. It explores the application of these roles in various situations, emphasizing the importance of delegation, decision-m...Read More

MANAGEMENT
AND
OPERATIONS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Defining and comparing different roles and characteristics of leader and manager........1
M1...........................................................................................................................................3
P2 Application of roles of leaders and function of managers in different situations.............3
P3 Application of different theories and models of leadership approach..............................5
M2 ..........................................................................................................................................6
D1 Critical evaluation of different theories and approaches to leadership............................6
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................7
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of Amazon leader and manager.....7
P5 Importance and value of operations management.............................................................8
M3...........................................................................................................................................9
P6 Factors within Business environment that affect operational management and decision.9
M4.........................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Management and operations is a basic task of every organization that helps managers in
whole activities and actions in adequate manner and this will assist organisation in attaining set
targets in short span of time. With help of them it is easy for management that they could get
competitive advantages in marketplace while competing their rivals. Present report revolves
around Amazon which is a multinational organisation founded in July, 1994 in United States by
Jeff Bezos. It is an e-commerce company which deals in households products with delivery
services. It provides many sort of products like electronics, kitchen and home dining etc. In this
global level company leader plays a vital role in firm's decision making process. With help of
various methods a manager can observe performance of their followers. This assignment will
lighten up several aspects that affects decision making process of firm directly and indirectly
(White, 2016).
TASK 1
P1. Defining and comparing different roles and characteristics of leader and manager
Control is necessary over all activities to attain all targets in limited period of time with
efficiencies. For above purpose managers need to formulate some tactics and policies which have
to be followed by employees. On the other hand leader's main objective is to motivate their
followers so that they could accomplish their task with appropriateness.
As per stated by................... it is a fundamental task of managers and leaders of Amazon
to keep an eye on all activities of corporation to obtain all objectives appropriately.
According to ---------------------------------------------------------------, superiors should keep
their workers determined towards their job so that they perform their duties effectively and are
able to attain their targets. This are required to provide instruction to their employees to provide
them direction so that they complete their duties within specified time.
These are responsibilities performed by administration to accomplish their goals are stated as
follows: Planning: executives frame policies and programs through which they provide support to
their subordinates. This provide them guide by making them acknowledge about outcome
they are required to attain through their tasks (Caniani and et. al., 2015).
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 Organising: Superior should distribute duties among their staff members so that they
perform their activities effectively by making them aware about their responsibilities. Staffing: HR should recruit employees so that they are able to utilise their human resource
by placing them according to their skills and knowledge so that firm is able to attain their
goals. Coordinating: Manager are required to interlink efforts of al their team members so that
end result is achieved. They should provide adequate information to their employees so
that they perform tasks correctly. Controlling: Superiors are required to evaluate their employees performance so that they
are able to enquire whether they will be able to attain their desired outcomes. This help
them to take actions if any deviations come from their standards.
Mintzberg's managerial roles: These are mentioned as below: Interpersonal roles: Superiors are required to accomplish their goals by providing
knowledge about their responsibilities to motivate their employees to enhance their
productivity. They can use email and conduct meeting for keeping their workers
connected. Informational role: Superiors conduct market survey to enquire about customers
requirements and to know competitors product so that they can design their items
accordingly.
 Decisional role: Managers are required to improve their tactics so that they manufacture
products by utilising their resources efficiently. They should make appropriate choices
through which they are able to eliminate waste (López and et. al., 2015).
Manager and leader are not similar roles as they have these differences:
Manager Leader
They frame strategies which are to be followed
by their subordinates.
They direct their workers to direct them by
implementing their administration strategies.
Manager should know requirement to conduct
sessions to enhance their employees
Leader should determine proper system
through which their subordinates carry
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capabilities to make them function effectively. appropriate actions.
They are required to place candidates
according to their skills and knowledge so they
accomplish their targets.
They are illustrative of firm.
Leader and manager has following features:
 They should be able to attain their goals.
 They should well behave with their employees.
 Both are required to sort grievances of their subordinates.
Therefore, it can be terminated that leader and manager complete their responsibilities by
keeping their staff members dedicated towards their tasks (Expósito G. and et. al., 2016).
M1
Role of leader Functions of manager
They are required to regulate work of their
subordinates.
They need to formulate plans and policies for
company so that they are able to direct their
workers.
Leader should increase morale of their
employees to make them perform their tasks
effectively.
Manager should enhance their staff members
skills to make them function properly.
P2 Application of roles of leaders and function of managers in different situations
In every company, leaders an managers are important part as they construct relationship
with their employees to keep them motivated towards their duties. They perform their role of
directing their subordinates and taking care that organisation goals and objectives are
accomplished. In Amazon superiors are able to attain their target as they deliver items to their
customers timely (Nassiri and et. al., 2016).
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These are some conditions in which both manager and leader are required to perform their duties
which are stated as follows:
Delegation of authority: superiors should distribute their responsibilities among their
subordinates to make them feel connected with firm. This enhance workability of their
employees as they become dedicated towards their job. Executives should formulate policies and
strategies which provide support to their staff and making them perform their activities properly.
Manager should provide duties to their workers according to their abilities so that they are able to
complete it on time. If they divide work, this brings specialisation and make them learn skills
according to their tasks.
Decision making process: It is necessary for manager of company to take judgement in
an appropriate manner as this will help them into their success and development. Both leader and
manager plays an eminent part in this. They will take help of their subordinates into this, because
it assists to improve their involvement level. Along with, they will much able to accomplish their
targets and objectives within certain period of time (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes,
2015). Superior has to take decisions properly as this will help them to compete with their
competitors at marketplace. As a result, firm will able to improve their market share effectually.
They will take aid of various theories and approaches into procedure of decision.
Employee engagement: Workers are considered as a prominent part for every kind of
company as they aid them to attain targets as well as goals within limited period of time. It is
must for manager and leader to develop an appropriate coordination amongst each units so that
they will complete their task effectually. Superior needs to take assistance of their subordinates
because it helps them to improve participation level of employees. It works as a motivation for
them and as a result production and profits level of firm will get enhanced.
Training and development: It is must for manager of enterprise to find out requirement of
training session at workplace. This helps to improve working efficiencies of staff members. As a
result, unwanted cost and wastage will get reduced. Along with, it helps to improve their skills
and knowledge which aid them to complete work with maximum effectiveness. They will fulfil
task within requisite time span.
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Therefore, it has been analysed that manager and leader are much important part of firm and help
to achieve targets and objectives properly. This aids organisation to take benefits from
competitors at marketplace (Loucks and Van Beek, 2017).
P3 Application of different theories and models of leadership approach
Organisation should conduct seminars to make them learn skills and knowledge so that
employees capabilities are improved to make them perform their duties effectively. Superiors are
required to encourage their members so that they carry out activities through which firm is able
to enhance their position in market. Manager of Amazon apply these theories in their system to
make their company work properly:
Situational leadership theory: it is important way which superiors uses to make their
employees perform their duties according to market situations. They should flexible as they are
required to modify their system according to their competitors. In Amazon, executives are
utilising opportunities by fulfilling their customers requirements. Managers should make their
system function properly by making appropriate changes in their techniques so that company
gets benefits and leads to its advancement. They should encourage their staff, keeping them
dedicated towards their job. This help leader to grow their business by providing quality goods
and services to their clients (Tian and et. al., 2016).
Contingency leadership theory: manager perform their duties to get extrinsic and
intrinsic rewards. They should be able to make appropriate decisions which help them to
accomplish their goals. Leader should evaluate each situation whether they are able to attain
desired results or not. Henceforth, they can perform operations which help company in
accomplishing their target on time as they anticipate circumstances and deal with them in
proficient way. Leader should be able to solve problems and find solutions so that they are able
to deal with emergencies.
System leadership theory: executives should provide complete information about their
enterprises to their superiors so that they are able to perform their duties properly. Managers are
required to provide support to their workers by giving them appropriate instructions so that they
are able to work effectively. They should take care of external and internal factors while
designing strategies and policies which help them to attain goals. They should apply tools and
techniques through which they are bale to handle complexities of system and solve out
difficulties.
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In Amazon superior have adopted Democratic style in their firm to support their
employees by encouraging and motivating them towards their duties so that they complete their
tasks with deadlines (Thaler, Priest and Fuchs, 2016).
M2
Strengths and weaknesses can be described as follows: Situational leadership:
Strengths Weaknesses
Leader is able to establish close relations with
their subordinates as they need not function
professionally.
This philosophy do not function properly in
keeping their staff associated with firm.
System approach:
Strengths Weaknesses
In this tool manager has to follow rules and
regulations when they deal with market
conditions.
People oppose this method as it is tough to be
adopted by superiors to accomplish their target.
Contingency approach:
Strengths Weaknesses
Leader should provide duties according to
talent of their employees so that they are able
to complete their tasks on time.
Through this method superiors are not able to
solve complex situations.
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D1 Critical evaluation of different theories and approaches to leadership
According to (Mijumbi and et. al., 2016) managers uses leadership theories and
approaches so that they are able to motivate and encourage their subordinates to make them
perform activities effectively. This help superiors to handle complex situations and find
appropriate solutions. System methodology is a tough tool as it contains huge rules and
regulations but it is the most ordered and disciplinary tactic. This help in safeguarding their
company from inaccurate practices by using situational and contingency hypothesis according to
situation to solve problems.
TASK 2
P4 Key approaches to operations management and role of Amazon leader and manager
Seniors of Amazon are need of provide training and development to their manpower so
they could serve their clients in a proficient manner. This will lead satisfaction of customers and
in addition it attracts more consumers towards company. There are some techniques that a
manager has to apply in their firm to adequately. These are described beneath: Six Sigma: It is a standard that is to be provided to those firms who accomplishes all
aspects of customer satisfaction with context of control, define, improvement, measure
and analyse. Amazon got this in section of their serving their clients. Manager of this
association is very efficient (Fayol, 2016). Total Quality Management: organisations who are conducting their business operations
in e-commerce industry they need to improvise their services on regular basis. This action
helps in gaining attention of numerous consumers and with assist of this activity Amazon
can take extra benefits like increased performance of their workers, more financial
benefits, competitive advantage etc. Lean Production: This heading includes three steps that are design, prepare and
implementation. As every activity could get manage by managers without making any
scrap of resources. This will enable employees to use assets in efficient and adequate
manner, consequently. Continuous Improvement: Amazon have various methodologies and techniques that
helps their senior management in applying them into their association for the purpose of
skill enhancement of staff. Instead of this seniors can take feedbacks from their
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consumers by filling questionnaire and by various other methods. This will provide
information about their weaknesses and they will be able in overcoming them and
developing new policies in result. It will ensures growth of company (Karangelos, and
Wehenkel, 2016).
 Just in time: Amazon has to delivery their products in promised time to make sure their
long term success in e-commerce industry. It will diminish conflicts and grievances that
will further enable managers to improve company's goodwill it market.
Role of Leaders and Managers of Amazon in operations management:
It is their duty to manage their business operations in that manner in they could gain more
profits and benefits. With help of managing activities they will be able in catering needs and
demands of their clients (White, 2016). A manager need to formulate some tactics and policies
whereas a leader implements them into action. By executing fine strategies management can
enhance their returns and market share along with productivity. Main role of managers and
leaders of Amazon to assign task to their staff members as per their skills and specializations.
This will bring ability of goal achievement in limited period of time. It is necessary for seniors to
use innovative and advance methods into task conduction that manufactures services and
products and improved items catches attention of wide number of individuals.
P5 Importance and value of operations management
In Amazon operations management plays a vital role in running business activities. This
section runs various activities like planning, controlling, leading and organizing firm's
operations. This section consist of permutation sin raw material, resources and labour into
improvise goods and services in optimal manner. Supervisors always seek for reduce cost of
different sections by putting less efforts in production methods. This will increases profitability
and goodwill of association. Management of operations is a procedure that runs regularly till the
all task is not get completed (Caniani and et. al., 2015).
Amazon is an organisation where managers keep an eye on performance of employees
and always checking whether they are in need of any skill enhancement program that will
ultimately increases quality of goods and facilities. This kind of action enables company to reach
maximum number of customer with high satisfaction level. This will further strengthen bond
between clients and organisation. Importance of management and operations are as follows:
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Profit maximisation: Topic of this report manages action sand tasks that improvises
profit of firm in terms of money or in terms of customer enhancement. Excellent execution of
workforce, resources, raw materials, distribution channels can bring a great success in
corporation.
Optimized way of utilizing resources: When production is running association needs to
keep an eye on full procedure so that resource could be used finely and nature shall not get
affected without compromising productivity (López and et. al., 2015).
M3
There are some actions that has to be taken by amazon managers to manage operations
efficiently and these are motivation of employees, that will inspire them to work hard and in
efficient manner that will completed target in set time duration. By following stages in an
adequate manner to serve consumers by quality services. Other then this by using proficient
tactics leaders reduces risk factors.
P6 Factors within Business environment that affect operational management and decision
There are several factors that affects efficiency of judgements of managers. Factors are as
follows:
Internal Factors: Shareholders: These are real owners of company and management should always take
care of them as they are those who are responsible for increased fund. These funds will
be use by seniors in ensuring effectiveness of actions and tasks. For making judgements
stakeholders need to be satisfied by all functional level of Amazon. CSR activities: Corporation must have responsibilities that are associated with society
welfare and make sure that their action do not affect environment and social life of
people. This will bring trust of customers along with loyalty towards corporation
(Expósito G. and et. al., 2016).
External Factors: Political – Amazon is running their business beyond the boundaries of their country. The
company always consider all aspects related to political sector because it has its impact
on judgement making procedure of venture. It involves tax, trade policies and control etc.
 Technological – Present time is technological era that has new, improved, innovated and
developed technologies. It is necessary for corporation to assist technological
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environment of particular country in which they are conducting their business. These are
mainly used in manufacturing and distribution department to provide high quality goods
to their customers. Organisation get to know about needs and preferences of customers
with help of internet.
It could be said that spearhead mist consider important factors because this will leave
impact on firm's interest in direct manner or indirect manner (Nassiri and et. al., 2016).
M4
There are some components which will provide affect to business environment either directly or
indirectly:
 It is must for company to provide items and services to people as per their prerequisites.
 Manager of Amazon needs to maintain effective relations with their users because it helps
into their development and advancement.
 Organisation has to produce inventive goods as this will help to gain attention of many
individuals (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes, 2015).
CONCLUSION
As per above assignment it can be concluded that business should be able to maintain
their workability in satisfactory way. Subordinates having adequate information about their
duties is able to complete their tasks within deadlines. Leader and manager perform their
functions and responsibilities so that they are able to attain their goals. This report consists of
elements which influence decision-making process of organisation. It also include leadership
theories through which superiors are able to direct their employees by providing them adequate
instructions and keeping them dedicated towards their job. If workers are motivated then they
will perform their tasks effectively. This help company to prosper and grow in future time by
providing competitive products.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Caniani, D. and et. al., 2015. Towards a new decision support system for design, management
and operation of wastewater treatment plants for the reduction of greenhouse gases
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Expósito, A. G. and et. al., 2016. Electric energy systems: analysis and operation. CRC press.
Fayol, H., 2016. General and industrial management. Ravenio Books.
Karangelos, E. and Wehenkel, L., 2016, June. Probabilistic reliability management approach and
criteria for power system real-time operation. In Power Systems Computation
Conference (PSCC). 2016. pp. 1-9. IEEE.
López, M. A. and et. al., 2015. Demand-side management in smart grid operation considering
electric vehicles load shifting and vehicle-to-grid support. International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 64. pp.689-698.
Loucks, D. P. and Van Beek, E., 2017. Water resource systems planning and management: An
introduction to methods, models, and applications. Springer.
Mijumbi, R. and et. al., 2016. Management and orchestration challenges in network functions
virtualization. IEEE Communications Magazine. 54(1). pp.98-105.
Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015. Strategic international management.
(pp. 978-3658078836). Springer.
Nassiri, P. and et. al., 2016. Health, safety, and environmental management system operation in
contracting companies: a case study. Archives of environmental & occupational health.
71(3). pp.178-185.
Thaler, T. A., Priest, S. J. and Fuchs, S., 2016. Evolving inter-regional co-operation in flood risk
management: distances and types of partnership approaches in Austria. Regional
environmental change. 16(3). pp.841-853.
Tian, P. and et. al., 2016. A hierarchical energy management system based on hierarchical
optimization for microgrid community economic operation. IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid. 7(5). pp.2230-2241.
White, P., 2016. Public transport: its planning, management and operation. Taylor & Francis.
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